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Fifteen healthy volunteers were studied at baseline, 30, 60 and 90 min after randomized perfusion of the distal oesophagus with either saline or 180 ml 0.1 M HCl + 2 mg capsaicin. Electro\u2010stimulation of the oesophagus, 8 cm proximal to the perfusion site, rectosigmoid electrical stimulation and rectal mechanical and heat stimulations were used. Evoked brain potentials were recorded after electrical stimulations before and after oesophageal perfusion. After the perfusion, rectal hyperalgesia to heat (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01, 37%) and mechanical (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01, 11%) stimulations were demonstrated. In contrast, hypoalgesia to electro\u2010stimulation was observed in both the oesophagus (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.03, 23%) and the sigmoid colon (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, 18%). Referred pain areas to electro\u2010stimulation in oesophagus were reduced by 13% after perfusion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01). Evoked brain potentials to rectosigmoid stimulations showed decreased latencies and amplitudes of P1, N1 and P2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), whereas oesophagus\u2010evoked brain potentials were unaffected after perfusion. In conclusion, modality\u2010specific hyperalgesia was demonstrated in the lower gut following chemical sensitization of the oesophagus, reflecting widespread central hyperexcitability. Conversely, hypoalgesia to electrical stimulation, decreases in referred pain and latencies of evoked brain potentials was seen. This outcome may reflect a counterbalancing activation of descending inhibitory pathways. 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