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To date, human data on the localization of ERs in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN), a key brain region in craniofacial nociception, are lacking.<\/jats:p><jats:p>To ascertain whether ERs are expressed in the human STN, we performed immunohistochemical analysis on medulla oblongata samples taken from eight adult subjects (three men and five women; age range, 23\u201371 years) who had died from causes unrelated to neurologic or endocrine diseases. Paraffin\u2010embedded sections at the level of the subnucleus caudalis and interpolaris were incubated with anti\u2010estrogen receptor alpha (ER\u03b1) and anti\u2010estrogen receptor beta (ER\u03b2) antibodies. ER\u03b1 immunoreactivity was detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm of neuronal and glial cells in the STN and in the nerve fibers within the spinal trigeminal tract in all eight subjects; ER\u03b2 immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm of neuronal cells in five subjects. This study is the first to provide evidence in humans that ER immunoreactivity is detectable on neuronal and glial cells of the STN. The two ER subtypes exhibited different expression patterns, with higher expression levels of ER\u03b1 than ER\u03b2. The presence of ER\u2010containing cells in the STN suggests that estrogens may directly affect trigeminal neuron excitability in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2011.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,19]],"date-time":"2011-06-19T12:54:51Z","timestamp":1308488091000},"page":"1002-1007","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Estrogen receptors localization in the spinal trigeminal nucleus: An immunohistochemical study in 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