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We compared endoneurial data from these divergent endophenotypes searching for pathological changes specifically associated with pain\u2010behaviors. Tibial, sural, and common sciatic nerves from 12 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNI<\/jats:styled-content> rats plus 10 nerves from sham\u2010operated controls were removed 14 days post\u2010surgery for morphometric analysis. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGP9.5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content> unmyelinated\u2010fibers were quantitated in plantar hindpaw skin. Distal tibial nerves of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNI<\/jats:styled-content> rats had endoneurial edema, 30% fewer axons, twice as many mast cells, and thicker blood\u2010vessel walls than uninjured tibial nerves. However the only significant difference between nerves from hyperalgesic versus non\u2010hyperalgesic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNI<\/jats:styled-content> rats was greater endoneurial edema in hyperalgesic rats (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">p<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). We also discovered significant axonal losses in uninjured ipsilateral sural nerves of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNI<\/jats:styled-content> rats, demonstrating spread of neuropathy to nearby nerves formerly thought spared. Tibial and sural nerves contralateral to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNI<\/jats:styled-content> had significant changes in endoneurial blood\u2010vessels. Similar pathological changes have been identified in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS\u2010I<\/jats:styled-content> patients. The current findings suggest that severity of endoneurial vasculopathy and inflammation may correlate better with neuropathic pain behaviors than degree of axonal loss. Spread of pathological changes to nearby ipsilateral and contralateral nerves might potentially contribute to extraterritorial pain in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2011.05.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,24]],"date-time":"2011-06-24T01:54:02Z","timestamp":1308880442000},"page":"28-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Endoneurial pathology of the needlestick\u2010nerve\u2010injury model of <scp>C<\/scp>omplex <scp>R<\/scp>egional <scp>P<\/scp>ain <scp>S<\/scp>yndrome, including rats with and without pain behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"M.M.","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston MA United 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