{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T15:39:53Z","timestamp":1770478793142,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,25]],"date-time":"2005-01-25T19:49:35Z","timestamp":1106682575000},"page":"461-468","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Stability of different formulations and ion pairs of hypericin"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Ann","family":"Huygens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Appolinary R.","family":"Kamuhabwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A.M.","family":"de Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-1978(00)00032-6","article-title":"Hypericin and pseudohypericin in some Hypericum species","volume":"29","author":"Kitanov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-3641-9_6","article-title":"Hypericism","volume":"5","author":"Giese","year":"1980","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1051\/jcp\/1989862173","article-title":"Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s photophysiques de l'hypericin en solution et en dispersion micellaire","volume":"86","author":"Jardon","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Chim. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(93)90012-J","article-title":"Photosensitization with anticancer agents. 17. EPR studies of photodynamic action of hypericin: formation of semiquinone radical and activated oxygen species on illumination","volume":"14","author":"Diwu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1998.tb05174.x","article-title":"Cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative effect of hypericin and derivatives after photosensitization","volume":"67","author":"Vandenbogaerde","year":"1998","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib6","first-page":"1619","article-title":"Antitumour activity of photosensitized hypericin on A431 cell xenografts","volume":"16","author":"Vandenbogaerde","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib7","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Photodynamic activity of hypericin in human urinary bladder carcinoma cells","volume":"20","author":"Kamuhabwa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(99)00381-X","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy efficacy and tissue distribution of hypericin in a mouse P388 lymphoma tumor model","volume":"150","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67357-0","article-title":"Fluorescence detection of flat bladder carcinoma in situ after intravesical instillation of hypericin","volume":"164","author":"D'Hallewin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2002.02690.x","article-title":"Hypericin-based fluorescence diagnosis of bladder carcinoma","volume":"89","author":"D'Hallewin","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib11","first-page":"983","article-title":"Macro-microscopic fluorescence of human bladder cancer using hypericin fluorescence cystoscopy and laser confocal microscopy","volume":"23","author":"Olivo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01528-X","article-title":"New aspects of photodynamic diagnosis of bladder tumors: fluorescence cytology","volume":"59","author":"Pytel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.1594","article-title":"Biodistribution of hypericin in orthotopic transitional cell carcinoma bladder tumors: implication for whole bladder wall photodynamic therapy","volume":"97","author":"Kamuhabwa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4925","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(02)00419-2","article-title":"Towards a consensus structure of hypericin in solution: direct evidence for a single tautomer and different ionization states in protic and nonprotic solvents by the use of variable temperature gradient 1H NMR","volume":"58","author":"Skalkos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tetrahydron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7870","DOI":"10.1021\/j100132a013","article-title":"Excited-state properties of hypericin: electronic spectra and fluorescence decay kinetics","volume":"97","author":"Yamazaki","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s706-002-8246-x","article-title":"The protonation and deprotonation equilibria of hypericin revisited","volume":"133","author":"Leonhartsberger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Monatsh. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1039\/p29920001439","article-title":"EPR studies of hypericin: photogeneration of free radicals and superoxide","volume":"2","author":"Weiner","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/med.2610150203","article-title":"The chemical and biological properties of hypericin: a compound with a broad spectrum of biological activities","volume":"15","author":"Lavie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib19","first-page":"933","article-title":"Microscopic quantification of hypericin fluorescence in an orthotopic bladder tumor model after intravesical instillation","volume":"22","author":"Kamuhabwa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1051\/jcp\/1996930300","article-title":"Homo-association de l'hyp\u00e9ricine dans l'eau et cons\u00e9quences sur ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s photodynamiques","volume":"93","author":"Burel","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Chim. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01277637","article-title":"On the Homo- and Heteroassociation of Hypericin","volume":"125","author":"Falk","year":"1994","journal-title":"Montsh. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1995.35595259149.x","article-title":"Hypericin as an inactivator of infectious viruses in blood components","volume":"35","author":"Lavie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00810594","article-title":"A convenient semisynthetic route to hypericin","volume":"124","author":"Falk","year":"1993","journal-title":"Monatsh. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib24","unstructured":"D. Meruelo, Hypericin compositions for treating T-cell mediated diseases. U.S. Patent 92 9232, 1992."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-6030(98)00206-8","article-title":"A study of photoinduced electron transfer and redox properties of hypericin","volume":"114","author":"Xia","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11861","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00153a007","article-title":"Electron-Acceptor properties of hypericin and its salts: an ESR\/ ENDOR and electrochemical study","volume":"117","author":"Gerson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0939641104003200?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0939641104003200?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T04:22:30Z","timestamp":1548822150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0939641104003200"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0939641104003200"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.09.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-6411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-6411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}}}