{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:54:41Z","timestamp":1787964881608,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Basic Research Project","award":["2014CB932200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014CB932200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]],"date-time":"2014-04-02T15:32:38Z","timestamp":1396452758000},"page":"92-103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["In vitro\/in vivo characterization of nanoemulsion formulation of metronidazole with improved skin targeting and anti-rosacea properties"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengping","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp042829","article-title":"Rosacea","volume":"352","author":"Powell","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.06.009","article-title":"Management of facial erythema of rosacea: what is the role of topicala-adrenergic receptor agonist therapy?","volume":"69","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03751.x","article-title":"Rosacea-global diversity and optimized outcome: proposed international consensus from the Rosacea International Expert Group","volume":"25","author":"Elewski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.8.1170b","article-title":"Metronidazole-induced psychotic disorder","volume":"154","author":"Schreiber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809402800305","article-title":"Metronidazole hypersensitivity","volume":"28","author":"Knowles","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10353","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of ketorolac ester prodrugs for transdermal delivery","volume":"92","author":"Doh","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(02)00295-8","article-title":"Lecithin microemulsions for the topical administration of ketoprofen: percutaneous adsorption through human skin and in vivo human skin tolerability","volume":"244","author":"Paolino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2012.03.006","article-title":"The co-drug of conjugated hydroquinone and azelaic acid to enhance topical skin targeting and decrease penetration through the skin","volume":"81","author":"Hsieh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(96)04609-1","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of skin penetration enhancers\/retarders: azone and analogues","volume":"141","author":"Hadgraft","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S1461-5347(99)00225-4","article-title":"Percutaneous penetration enhancers: local versus transdermal activity","volume":"3","author":"Asbill","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharm. Sci. Tech. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2009.12.025","article-title":"Effect of 1,4-cyclohexanediol on percutaneous absorption and penetration of azelaic acid","volume":"387","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4272","DOI":"10.1021\/mp400359w","article-title":"Microneedle integrated transdermal patch for fast onset and sustained delivery of lidocaine","volume":"10","author":"Kochhar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2013.10.013","article-title":"Skin permeation of d-limonene-based nanoemulsions as a transdermal carrier prepared by ultrasonic emulsification","volume":"21","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2009.11.013","article-title":"Lecithin\/chitosan nanoparticles of clobetasol-17-propionate capable of accumulation in pig skin","volume":"142","author":"\u015eenyi\u011fit","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2009.12.051","article-title":"In vitro permeation and in vivo whitening effect of topical hesperetin microemulsion delivery system","volume":"388","author":"Tsai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2006.05.014","article-title":"Microemulsions as transdermal drug delivery vehicles","volume":"123\u2013126","author":"Kogan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2008.01.012","article-title":"Quercetin in w\/o microemulsion: in vitro and in vivo skin penetration and efficacy against UVB-induced skin damages evaluated in vivo","volume":"69","author":"Vicentini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0090","first-page":"S87","article-title":"Formulation and evaluation of novel topical mepivacaine microemulsion hydrogel for neuropathic pain relief","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2003.11.004","article-title":"New microemulsion vehicle facilitates percutaneous penetration in vitro and cutaneous drug bioavailability in vivo","volume":"95","author":"Sintov","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.09.014","article-title":"Investigation of microemulsion microstructures and their relationship to transdermal permeation of model drugs: ketoprofen, lidocaine, and caffeine","volume":"421","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.03.037","article-title":"Once-daily propranolol extended-release tablet dosage form: formulation design and in vitro\/in vivo investigation","volume":"58","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/026119299602400111","article-title":"Methods for assessing percutaneous absorption. The report and recommendations of ECVAM workshop, ATLA-Altern","volume":"24","author":"Howes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2009.04.046","article-title":"Influence of nanocarrier type and size on skin delivery of hydrophilic agents","volume":"377","author":"K\u00fcchler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2013.02.048","article-title":"Enhancement of skin permeation of bufalin by limonene via reservoir type transdermal patch: formulation design and biopharmaceutical evaluation","volume":"447","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4540","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23317","article-title":"Formulation and in vitro\/in vivo correlation of a drug-in-adhesive transdermal patch containing azasetron","volume":"101","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16658","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016658","article-title":"Novel sulfated polysaccharides disrupt cathelicidins, inhibit RAGE and reduce cutaneous inflammation in a mouse model of rosacea","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(02)00116-3","article-title":"Influence of microemulsions on cutaneous drug delivery","volume":"54","author":"Kreilgaard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265710","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/22\/26\/265710","article-title":"Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy of polymer nanoparticles: probing morphology on sub-10nm length scales","volume":"22","author":"Burke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700733","article-title":"Penetration of metallic nanoparticles in human full-thickness skin","volume":"127","author":"Baroli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-409X(95)00089-P","article-title":"Targeted delivery to the pilosebaceous unit via liposomes","volume":"18","author":"Lauer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1021\/js960198e","article-title":"Evaluation of solute permeation through the stratum corneum: lateral bilayer diffusion as the primary transport mechanism","volume":"86","author":"Johnson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2006.01.037","article-title":"Light scattering measurements on microemulsions: estimation of droplet sizes","volume":"312","author":"Goddeeris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.03.002","article-title":"Skin deep","volume":"58","author":"Hadgraft","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(82)90149-1","article-title":"Method for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies II. Animal models for human skin","volume":"62","author":"Bronaugh","year":"1982","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Yu, F. Guo, Y. Ling, N. Li, F.P. Tan, Topical skin targeting effect of penetration modifiers on hairless mouse skin, pig abdominal skin and pig ear skin, Drug Deliv. doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3109\/10717544.2013.869276.","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2013.869276"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1304","article-title":"Current status and future potential of transdermal drug delivery","volume":"3","author":"Prausnitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2010.08.004","article-title":"Systemic delivery of insulin via the nasal route using a new microemulsion system: in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"148","author":"Sintov","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-005-0621-5","article-title":"Cutaneous distribution and localization of dyes affected by vehicles all with different lipophilicity","volume":"297","author":"Jacobi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.05.001","article-title":"Recent advances in predicting skin permeability of hydrophilic solutes","volume":"65","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0939641114001155?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0939641114001155?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T04:39:54Z","timestamp":1597639194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0939641114001155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0939641114001155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-6411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-6411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In vitro\/in vivo characterization of nanoemulsion formulation of metronidazole with improved skin targeting and anti-rosacea properties","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.03.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}