{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:51:44Z","timestamp":1788519104095,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/H009752\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/H009752\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/H009922\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/H009922\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/H009795\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/H009795\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]],"date-time":"2016-03-08T19:19:49Z","timestamp":1457464789000},"page":"178-184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An investigation of how fungal infection influences drug penetration through onychomycosis patient\u2019s nail plates"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"W.J.","family":"McAuley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.J.","family":"Traynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Guesn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Murdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.B.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03510.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of onychomycosis in Britain","volume":"129","author":"Williams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0010","first-page":"125","article-title":"Onychomycoses in the laboratory","volume":"1","author":"Achten","year":"1978","journal-title":"Mykosen Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12541101","article-title":"Prevalence, morbidity, and cost of dermatological diseases","volume":"73","author":"Editorial","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.3.415","article-title":"Onychomycosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"11","author":"Elewski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1996.tb00517.x","article-title":"Increasing frequency of onychomycoses \u2013 is there a change in the spectrum of infectious agents?","volume":"39","author":"Ginter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6835.1151","article-title":"Short term treatment of dermatophyte onychomycosis with terbinafine","volume":"304","author":"Goodfield","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02741.x","article-title":"The prevalence of onychomycosis in Finland","volume":"133","author":"Heikkila","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 39","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00005.x","article-title":"Prevalence of dermatophyte onychomycosis in the United Kingdom: results of an omnibus survey","volume":"126","author":"Roberts","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb00722.x","article-title":"Prevalence of dermatophyte onychomycosis in Spain: a cross-sectional study","volume":"132","author":"Sais","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.3109\/03639045.2011.637931","article-title":"Ungual and transungual drug delivery","volume":"38","author":"Shivakumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2014008464","article-title":"Drug delivery to the nail: therapeutic options and challenges for onychomycosis","volume":"31","author":"Barot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200305000-00008","article-title":"Terbinafine-associated hepatotoxicity","volume":"325","author":"Ajit","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200109000-00021","article-title":"Terbinafine-induced hepatic dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Chambers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00008.x","article-title":"A randomized treatment duration-finding study of terbinafine in onychomycosis","volume":"126","author":"Van Der Schroeff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.12.010","article-title":"Antifungal therapy for onychomycosis in children","volume":"33","author":"Feldstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.11.017","article-title":"Development of topical therapeutics for management of onychomycosis and other nail disorders: a pharmaceutical perspective","volume":"199","author":"Elsayed","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release: Official J. Controlled Release Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0085","first-page":"211","article-title":"Molecular structure and mechanical properties of keratins","volume":"34","author":"Fraser","year":"1980","journal-title":"Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0090","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Histological structure of human nail as studied by synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction","volume":"46","author":"Garson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-Grand, France)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00146.x","article-title":"Structure of water, proteins, and lipids in intact human skin, hair, and nail","volume":"110","author":"Gniadecka","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357991772448","article-title":"Drug permeation through the three layers of the human nail plate","volume":"51","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3109\/1061186X.2014.929138","article-title":"Insights into drug delivery across the nail plate barrier","volume":"22","author":"Saner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Drug Target."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1983.tb04258.x","article-title":"Physicochemical characterization of the human nail: permeation pattern for water and the homologous alcohols and differences with respect to the stratum corneum","volume":"35","author":"Walters","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1985.tb04966.x","article-title":"Physicochemical characterization of the human nail: solvent effects on the permeation of homologous alcohols","volume":"37","author":"Walters","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.06.020","article-title":"Hydration of nail plate: a novel screening model for transungual drug permeation enhancers","volume":"436","author":"Chouhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2007.07.009","article-title":"Effect of hydration on the permeation of ketoconazole through human nail plate in vitro","volume":"32","author":"Gunt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-007-9368-3","article-title":"Nail swelling as a pre-formulation screen for the selection and optimisation of ungual penetration enhancers","volume":"24","author":"Khengar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-014-1562-5","article-title":"Human nail plate modifications induced by onychomycosis: implications for topical therapy","volume":"32","author":"Baraldi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2003.11.008","article-title":"In vitro permeation of several drugs through the human nail plate: relationship between physicochemical properties and nail permeability of drugs","volume":"21","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.62.06.0009","article-title":"Effect of a novel penetration enhancer on the ungual permeation of two antifungal agents","volume":"62","author":"Traynor","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.10.6.841-843.1979","article-title":"Effect of storage temperature on viability of Trichophyton mentagrophytes in infected guinea-pig skin scales","volume":"10","author":"Sinski","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0155","unstructured":"Q2A, Text on validation of analytical procedures: definitions and terminology, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), US FDA Federal Register, 1995."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0160","unstructured":"Q2B, Validation of analytical procedures: methodology, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) US FDA Federal Register, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.11.009","article-title":"Overcoming the nail barrier: a systematic investigation of ungual chemical penetration enhancement","volume":"370","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0170","series-title":"The Mathematics of Diffusion","author":"Crank","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(01)00989-9","article-title":"Drug delivery to the nail following topical application","volume":"236","author":"Murdan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0180","series-title":"Topical Nail Products and Ungual Drug Delivery","first-page":"38","article-title":"Permeability of the nailplate","author":"Hao","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1997.tb06747.x","article-title":"In-vitro permeability of the human nail and of a keratin membrane from bovine hooves: influence of the partition coefficient octanol\/water and the water solubility of drugs on their permeability and maximum flux","volume":"49","author":"Mertin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600750520","article-title":"Prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil. V. 1-Alkoxycarbonyl derivatives as potential prodrug forms for improved rectal or oral delivery of 5-fluorouracil","volume":"75","author":"Buur","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.3109\/03639045.2011.568946","article-title":"Transungual delivery of terbinafine by iontophoresis in onychomycotic nails","volume":"37","author":"Nair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2009.03.012","article-title":"Alteration of the diffusional barrier property of the nail leads to greater terbinafine drug loading and permeation","volume":"375","author":"Nair","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3797","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.12.3797-3801.2002","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of topically applied KP-103 against experimental tinea unguium in guinea pigs in comparison with amorolfine and terbinafine","volume":"46","author":"Tatsumi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1989.tb15511.x","article-title":"Transonychial water loss: relation to sex, age and nail-plate thickness","volume":"121","author":"Jemec","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008_b0215","series-title":"Topical Nail Products and Ungual Drug Delivery","first-page":"123","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo models to evaluate topical nail formulations","author":"Nair","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0939641116300844?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0939641116300844?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T21:35:30Z","timestamp":1600292130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0939641116300844"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0939641116300844"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-6411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-6411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An investigation of how fungal infection influences drug penetration through onychomycosis patient\u2019s nail plates","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}