{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:39:50Z","timestamp":1782823190923,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T08:05:17Z","timestamp":1765353917000},"page":"114962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Utilizing the dynamic gastrointestinal model (DGM) to evaluate the gastric integrity of Capsugel\u00ae Enprotect\u00ae capsules in fasted and fed states"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"219","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7994-2276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias Manne","family":"Knopp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1630-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Jannin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3020-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anette","family":"M\u00fcllertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0005","first-page":"1398","article-title":"Commercially available enteric empty hard capsules","volume":"15","author":"Franc","year":"2022","journal-title":"Production Technology and Application, Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2012.08.001","article-title":"Relevance and challenges in modeling human gastric and small intestinal digestion","volume":"30","author":"Guerra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.10.022","article-title":"Intragastric pH and pressure profiles after intake of the high-caloric, high-fat meal as used for food effect studies","volume":"220","author":"Koziolek","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.14227\/DT190312P15","article-title":"The design operation, and application of a dynamic gastric model","volume":"19","author":"Wickham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dissolution Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114723","article-title":"Predicting the pharmacokinetics and food effect of oral drug products using the dynamic gastrointestinal model (DGM)","volume":"212","author":"Knopp","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14101999","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of a gastro-resistant HPMC-based \u201cnext generation enteric\u201d capsule","volume":"14","author":"Rump","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15112576","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of a gastro-resistant Enprotect\u00ae capsule under postprandial conditions","volume":"15","author":"Grimm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0040","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food-Effect Bioavailability and Fed Bioequivalence Studies, (2002). https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/food-effect-bioavailability-and-fed-bioequivalence-studies."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24274","article-title":"Investigation of pH and temperature profiles in the GI tract of fasted human subjects using the intellicap\u00ae system","volume":"104","author":"Koziolek","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0050","article-title":"Pharmacology of caffeine and its effects on the human body","volume":"10","author":"Reddy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1021\/mp500210c","article-title":"Quantification of gastrointestinal liquid volumes and distribution following a 240 mL dose of water in the fasted state","volume":"11","author":"Mudie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.3.531","article-title":"Modulation by high-fat diets of gastrointestinal function and hormones associated with the regulation of energy intake: implications for the pathophysiology of obesity","volume":"86","author":"Little","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp010841","article-title":"The volume and energy content of meals as determinants of gastric emptying","volume":"245","author":"Hunt","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0301-3","article-title":"A glass of water immediately increases gastric pH in healthy subjects","volume":"53","author":"Karamanolis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12999","article-title":"The impact of food intake on the luminal environment and performance of oral drug products with a view to in vitro and in silico simulations: a PEARRL review","volume":"71","author":"Pentafragka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2011.01293.x","article-title":"Postprandial proximal gastric acid pocket and gastroesophageal reflux disease: postprandial gastric acid pocket","volume":"25","author":"Herbella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.27997","article-title":"Unbuffered highly acidic gastric juice exists at the gastroesophageal junction after a meal","volume":"121","author":"Fletcher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.132","article-title":"The acid pocket: a target for treatment in reflux disease?","volume":"108","author":"Kahrilas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.10.026","article-title":"Review: the physiology of saliva and transfer of drugs into saliva","volume":"150","author":"Aps","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13001","article-title":"Salivary caffeine concentrations are comparable to plasma concentrations in preterm infants receiving extended caffeine therapy","volume":"82","author":"Dobson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0939641125003406?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0939641125003406?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T08:07:36Z","timestamp":1766563656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0939641125003406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["S0939641125003406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-6411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-6411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Utilizing the dynamic gastrointestinal model (DGM) to evaluate the gastric integrity of Capsugel\u00ae Enprotect\u00ae capsules in fasted and fed states","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114962","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114962"}}