{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T16:34:46Z","timestamp":1761237286478},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,10]],"date-time":"2006-02-10T12:29:39Z","timestamp":1139574579000},"page":"66-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["2-Phosphonomethyl-pentanedioic acid (glutamate carboxypeptidase II inhibitor) increases threshold for electroconvulsions and enhances the antiseizure action of valproate against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"531","author":[{"given":"Jarogniew J.","family":"Luszczki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanislaw J.","family":"Czuczwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300559","article-title":"NAAG reduces NMDA receptor current in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons of acute slices and dissociated neurons","volume":"30","author":"Bergeron","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000134913","article-title":"Une nouvelle m\u00e9thode simple pour explorer l'action tranquilisante: le test de la chemin\u00e9e","volume":"3","author":"Boissier","year":"1960","journal-title":"Med. Exp. (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(95)00030-5","article-title":"Glutamate, GABA and epilepsy","volume":"47","author":"Bradford","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.63031174.x","article-title":"N-Acetylaspartylglutamate selectively inhibits neuronal responses to N-methyl-d-aspartic acid in vitro","volume":"63","author":"Burlina","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014233102342","article-title":"Ignoring pharmacokinetics may lead to isoboles misinterpretation: illustration with the norfloxacin\u2013theophylline convulsant interaction in rats","volume":"19","author":"Cadart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0750889.x","article-title":"Regulation of neurotransmitter release by metabotropic glutamate receptors","volume":"75","author":"Cartmell","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4179(93)90015-3","article-title":"N-Acetylaspartylglutamate catabolism is achieved by an enzyme on the cell surface of neurons and glia","volume":"24","author":"Cassidy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13385.x","article-title":"Localization and transport of N-acetylaspartylglutamate in cells of whole murine brain in primary culture","volume":"60","author":"Cassidy","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.1997.0153","article-title":"The nagging question of the function of N-acetylaspartylglutamate","volume":"4","author":"Coyle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199703000-00002","article-title":"Hypothetical mechanisms for the cellular and neurophysiologic basis of secondary epileptogenesis: proposed role of synaptic reorganization","volume":"14","author":"Dudek","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.62010275.x","article-title":"The regional distribution of N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) and peptidase activity against NAAG in the rat nervous system","volume":"62","author":"Fuhrman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib12","series-title":"Primer of applied regression and analysis of variance","author":"Glantz","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1021\/jm950801q","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and biological activity of a potent inhibitor of the neuropeptidase N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase","volume":"39","author":"Jackson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00410-5","article-title":"Evidence for a unique profile of levetiracetam in rodent models of seizures and epilepsy","volume":"353","author":"Klitgaard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002033420503","article-title":"Early identification of refractory epilepsy","volume":"342","author":"Kwan","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1053\/seiz.2000.0442","article-title":"Epilepsy after the first drug fails: substitution or add-on?","volume":"9","author":"Kwan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib17","first-page":"99","article-title":"A simplified method of evaluating dose\u2013effect experiments","volume":"96","author":"Litchfield","year":"1949","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(93)90768-D","article-title":"Profile of ucb L059, a novel anticonvulsant drug, in models of partial and generalized epilepsy in mice and rats","volume":"232","author":"L\u00f6scher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib19","first-page":"77","article-title":"New horizons in the development of antiepileptic drugs: the search for new targets","volume":"60","author":"L\u00f6scher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(91)90075-Q","article-title":"The role of technical, biological and pharmacological factors in the laboratory evaluation of anticonvulsant drugs: II. Maximal electroshock seizure models","volume":"8","author":"L\u00f6scher","year":"1991","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2004.06.002","article-title":"Interaction between lamotrigine and felbamate in the maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice: an isobolographic analysis","volume":"15","author":"Luszczki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.32702.x","article-title":"Interactions between oxcarbazepine and conventional antiepileptic drugs in the maximal electroshock test in mice: an isobolographic analysis","volume":"44","author":"Luszczki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(03)00081-9","article-title":"Interactions of tiagabine with some antiepileptics in the maximal electroshock in mice","volume":"75","author":"Luszczki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luszczki, J.J., Andres, M.M., Czuczwar, P., Cioczek-Czuczwar, A., Ratnaraj, N., Patsalos, P.N., Czuczwar, S.J., in press. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characterization of interactions between levetiracetam and numerous antiepileptic drugs in the mouse maximal electroshock seizure model: an isobolographic analysis. Epilepsia 47 (1).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00364.x"},{"issue":"4S Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.4.1007S","article-title":"Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology","volume":"130","author":"Meldrum","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90123-6","article-title":"Seizures decrease regional enzymatic hydrolysis of N-acetyl-aspartylglutamate in rat brain","volume":"505","author":"Meyerhoff","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)91276-K","article-title":"Genetically epilepsy-prone rats have increased brain regional activity of an enzyme which liberates glutamate from N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate","volume":"593","author":"Meyerhoff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0750443.x","article-title":"N-Acetylaspartylglutamate: the most abundant peptide neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system","volume":"75","author":"Neale","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib29","first-page":"477","article-title":"The neurotransmitter N-acetylaspartylglutamate in models of pain, ALS, diabetic neuropathy, CNS injury and schizophrenia","volume":"26","author":"Neale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00769-6","article-title":"N-Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) protects against rat striatal quinolinic acid lesions in vivo","volume":"236","author":"Orlando","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1358\/dnp.1998.11.9.863689","article-title":"Glutamate in CNS disorders as a target for drug development: an update","volume":"11","author":"Parsons","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug News Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200404000-00005","article-title":"Clinical aspects of the disorders of GABA metabolism in children","volume":"17","author":"Pearl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199704)10:2<73::AID-NBM448>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Differential distribution of NAA and NAAG in human brain as determined by quantitative localized proton MRS","volume":"10","author":"Pouwels","year":"1997","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib34","first-page":"796","article-title":"N-Acetyl-aspartylglutamate modulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate-stimulated [3H]norepinephrine release from rat hippocampal slices","volume":"266","author":"Puttfarcken","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47823-4","article-title":"Hydrolysis of the brain dipeptide N-acetyl-l-aspartyl-l-glutamate. Identification and characterization of a novel N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase activity from rat brain","volume":"262","author":"Robinson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)81121-2","article-title":"N-Acetylaspartylglutamate acts as an agonist upon homomeric NMDA receptor (NMDAR1) expressed in Xenopus oocytes","volume":"311","author":"Sekiguchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022580506443","article-title":"Neuroactive amino acids in focally epileptic human brain: a review","volume":"24","author":"Sherwin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903150208","article-title":"Immunocytochemical localization of the N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) hydrolyzing enzyme N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase)","volume":"315","author":"Slusher","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1038\/70971","article-title":"Selective inhibition of NAALADase, which converts NAAG to glutamate, reduces ischemic brain injury","volume":"5","author":"Slusher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90702-7","article-title":"The effects of N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) inhibitors on [3H]NAAG catabolism in vivo","volume":"100","author":"Stauch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib41","first-page":"319","article-title":"Comparative assays of antiepileptic drugs in mice and rats","volume":"106","author":"Swinyard","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00519-7","article-title":"Neuroprotection produced by the NAALADase inhibitor 2-PMPA in rat cerebellar neurons","volume":"402","author":"Tortella","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.042suppl.3008.x","article-title":"GABAergic mechanisms in epilepsy","volume":"42","author":"Treiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.64.2.598","article-title":"Excitatory synaptic transmission in cultures of rat olfactory bulb","volume":"64","author":"Trombley","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90989-O","article-title":"Selective release of N-acetylaspartylglutamate from rat optic nerve terminals in vivo","volume":"518","author":"Tsai","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000493","article-title":"Alterations in dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission in the induction and expression of behavioral sensitization: a critical review of preclinical studies","volume":"151","author":"Vanderschuren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berlin)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-11-03385.1986","article-title":"High concentrations of N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) selectively activate NMDA receptors on mouse spinal cord neurons in cell culture","volume":"6","author":"Westbrook","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(02)00124-7","article-title":"NAALADase (GCP II) inhibition prevents cocaine-kindled seizures","volume":"43","author":"Witkin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03606.x","article-title":"N-Acetylaspartylglutamate inhibits forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP levels via a metabotropic glutamate receptor in cultured cerebellar granule cells","volume":"61","author":"Wroblewska","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.69010174.x","article-title":"N-Acetylaspartylglutamate selectively activates mGluR3 receptors in transfected cells","volume":"69","author":"Wroblewska","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199810)24:2<172::AID-GLIA2>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"N-Acetylaspartylglutamate activates cyclic AMP-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors in cerebellar astrocytes","volume":"24","author":"Wroblewska","year":"1998","journal-title":"Glia"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299905012483?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299905012483?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T20:10:02Z","timestamp":1627071002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299905012483"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014299905012483"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}}}