{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:42:23Z","timestamp":1791214943679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,25]],"date-time":"2008-04-25T12:25:14Z","timestamp":1209126314000},"page":"217-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Antinociception occurs with a reversal in \u03b12-adrenoceptor regulation of TNF production by peripheral monocytes\/macrophages from pro- to anti-inflammatory"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"588","author":[{"given":"Reeteka","family":"Sud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert N.","family":"Spengler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader D.","family":"Nader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey A.","family":"Ignatowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00826-C","article-title":"Involvement of bulbospinal pathways in the antinociceptive effect of clomipramine in the rat","volume":"695","author":"Ardid","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.08.034","article-title":"Expression of IL-1\u03b2 in supraspinal brain regions in rats with neuropathic pain","volume":"407","author":"Apkarian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1999.tb07386.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of pain in peripheral neuropathy","volume":"173","author":"Attal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00220-2","article-title":"Regional transport of TNF-alpha across the blood-brain barrier in young ICR and young and aged SAMP8 mice","volume":"22","author":"Banks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90209-6","article-title":"A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man","volume":"33","author":"Bennett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/361031a0","article-title":"A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus","volume":"361","author":"Bliss","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8019.2003.01621.x","article-title":"The neuro-immuno-cutaneous-endocrine network: relationship between mind and skin","volume":"16","author":"Brazzini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(85)90057-0","article-title":"Reduction of arthritis and pain behaviour following chronic administration of amitriptyline or imipramine in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Butler","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.09.021","article-title":"Mechanisms of neuropathic pain","volume":"52","author":"Campbell","year":"2006","journal-title":"[Review] Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00483-3","article-title":"Efficacy of amitriptyline for relief of pain in spinal cord injury: results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"96","author":"Cardenas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib11","first-page":"7","article-title":"\u03b2-adrenergic receptor regulation of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 production from rats with experimental arthritis","volume":"67","author":"Chou","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00196-3","article-title":"Adrenergic regulation of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 generation during a chronic polyarthritis pain model","volume":"82","author":"Chou","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)01965-X","article-title":"Brain-derived TNF\u03b1: involvement in neuroplastic changes implicated in the conscious perception of persistent pain","volume":"859","author":"Covey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib14","first-page":"357","article-title":"Expression of neuron-associated tumor necrosis factor alpha in the brain is increased during persistent pain","volume":"27","author":"Covey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.03.029","article-title":"Role of TNF-alpha in sensitization of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons induced by application of nucleus pulposus to L5 dorsal root ganglion in rats","volume":"110","author":"Cuellar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(91)90478-P","article-title":"Kinetics of TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 gene expression in LPS-stimulated human whole blood","volume":"174","author":"DeForge","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-4666(92)90062-V","article-title":"Direct stimulation of cytokines (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-2, IFN-gamma and GM-CSF) in whole blood. I. Comparison with isolated PBMC stimulation","volume":"4","author":"De Groote","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1955.18.3.261","article-title":"Cerebral structures involved in transmission and elaboration of noxious stimulation","volume":"18","author":"Delgado","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib19","first-page":"196","article-title":"The role of presynaptic feedback mechanisms in regulation of norepinephrine release by nerve stimulation","volume":"209","author":"Dixon","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91317-4","article-title":"Activation of identified septo-hippocampal neurons by noxious peripheral stimulation","volume":"328","author":"Dutar","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00261-9","article-title":"Acute amitriptyline in a rat model of neuropathic pain: differential symptom and route effects","volume":"80","author":"Esser","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.07.001","article-title":"Analysis of the role of central and peripheral \u03b12-adrenoceptor subtypes in gastric mucosal defense in the rat","volume":"51","author":"Gyires","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000155247.93604.62","article-title":"The effect of antinociceptive drugs tested at different times after nerve injury in rats","volume":"101","author":"Hama","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90026-7","article-title":"A new and sensitive method for measuring thermal nociception in cutaneous hyperalgesia","volume":"32","author":"Hargreaves","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(96)00125-7","article-title":"Functional A1-adrenergic receptors on leukocytes of patients with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"71","author":"Heijnen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00034-6","article-title":"Cytokines regulate alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor mRNA expression in human monocytic cells and endothelial cells","volume":"125","author":"Heijnen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18195","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506624102","article-title":"Pharmacological modulation of pain-related brain activity during normal and central sensitization states in humans","volume":"102","author":"Iannetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)91350-1","article-title":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha: presynaptic sensitivity is modified after antidepressant drug administration","volume":"665","author":"Ignatowski","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib27","series-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology: Oxidants and Antioxidants: Ultrastructure and Molecular Biology Protocols","first-page":"85","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha quantification and expression by in situ hybridization","author":"Ignatowski","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(96)00098-7","article-title":"Changes in noradrenergic sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in brains of rats administered clonidine","volume":"70","author":"Ignatowski","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00107-0","article-title":"Neuronal-associated tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha): its role in noradrenergic functioning and modification of its expression following antidepressant drug administration","volume":"79","author":"Ignatowski","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01782-5","article-title":"Brain-derived TNF alpha mediates neuropathic pain","volume":"841","author":"Ignatowski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4877","article-title":"Interactions between the alpha(2)-adrenergic and the prostaglandin response in the regulation of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor","volume":"96","author":"Ignatowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.11.001","article-title":"The dissipation of neuropathic pain paradoxically involves the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"48","author":"Ignatowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(95)00026-2","article-title":"WEHI-13VAR: a stable and sensitive variant of WEHI 164 clone 13 fibrosarcoma for tumor necrosis factor bioassay","volume":"46","author":"Khabar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90047-X","article-title":"Noxious stimuli produce prolonged changes in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus","volume":"39","author":"Khanna","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)01447-P","article-title":"Subtype-specificity of the presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors modulating hippocampal norepinephrine release in rat","volume":"674","author":"Kiss","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000190815.13764.64","article-title":"The treatment of disc herniation-induced sciatica with infliximab: results of a randomized, controlled, 3-month follow-up study","volume":"30","author":"Korhonen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000245873.23876.1e","article-title":"The treatment of disc-herniation-induced sciatica with infliximab: one-year follow-up results of FIRST II, a randomized controlled study","volume":"31","author":"Korhonen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(97)00336-5","article-title":"Analgesic effect of antidepressant drugs","volume":"59","author":"Korzeniewska-Rybicka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1393","article-title":"Increased sensitivity of sensory neurons to tumor necrosis factor alpha in rats with chronic compression of the lumbar ganglia","volume":"88","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.11.022","article-title":"Pentoxifylline attenuates the development of hyperalgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain","volume":"412","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.11.018","article-title":"Medium and large injured dorsal root ganglion cells increase TRPV-1, accompanied by increased \u03b12C-adrenoceptor co-expression and functional inhibition by clonidine","volume":"113","author":"Ma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(98)00088-8","article-title":"Negative immunoregulatory effects of antidepressants: inhibition of interferon-gamma and stimulation of IL-10","volume":"20","author":"Maes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00216-X","article-title":"The effects of noradrenaline and alpha-2 adrenoceptor agents on the production of monocytic products","volume":"96","author":"Maes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199142050-00002","article-title":"The use of antidepressants in the treatment of chronic pain. A review of the current evidence","volume":"42","author":"Magni","year":"1991","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05830.x","article-title":"Plasticity of the hippocampus: adaptation to chronic stress and allostatic load","volume":"933","author":"McEwen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90195-H","article-title":"Analgesia produced by lidocaine microinjection into the dentate gyrus","volume":"49","author":"McKenna","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(02)00009-6","article-title":"Descending control of pain","volume":"66","author":"Millan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib48","series-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"NRC (National Research Council)","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00244-7","article-title":"Antidepressant drug administration modifies the interactive relationship between \u03b12-adrenergic sensitivity and levels of TNF in the rat brain","volume":"107","author":"Nickola","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)29585-9","article-title":"Antidepressant drug-induced alterations in neuron-localized tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 mRNA and \u03b12-adrenergic receptor sensitivity","volume":"297","author":"Nickola","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000067406.52093.BF","article-title":"Peripheral antihyperalgesic and analgesic actions of ketamine and amitriptyline in a model of mild thermal injury in the rat","volume":"97","author":"Oatway","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000097238","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular injection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces thermal hyperalgesia in rats","volume":"3","author":"Oka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200208010-00005","article-title":"Exogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces abnormal discharges in rat dorsal horn neurons","volume":"27","author":"Onda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.11.047","article-title":"Loss of amitriptyline analgesia in \u03b12A-adrenoceptor deficient mice","volume":"485","author":"Ozdogan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.01.005","article-title":"TNFalpha trafficking in cerebral vascular endothelial cells","volume":"185","author":"Pan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib56","series-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7664","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.14.7664","article-title":"Causalgia, pathological pain, and adrenergic receptors","volume":"96","author":"Perl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.07.028","article-title":"Amitriptyline administration transforms tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulation of norepinephrine release in the brain","volume":"1023","author":"Reynolds","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.067835","article-title":"Brain-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its involvement in noradrenergic neuron functioning involved in the mechanism of action of an antidepressant","volume":"310","author":"Reynolds","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20407","article-title":"Effect of TNF\u03b1 on the reciprocal G-protein induced regulation of norepinephrine release by the \u03b12-adrenergic receptor","volume":"79","author":"Reynolds","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199712000-00010","article-title":"Utilization patterns of tricyclic antidepressants in a multidisciplinary pain clinic: a survey","volume":"13","author":"Richeimer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2004.02.010","article-title":"The functional anatomy of neuropathic pain","volume":"15","author":"Romanelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8988","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2995-05.2005","article-title":"\u03b12-Adrenoceptor stimulation transforms immune responses in neuritis and blocks neuritis-induced pain","volume":"25","author":"Romero-Sandoval","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib64","first-page":"291","article-title":"Quantification of histochemical staining by color deconvolution","volume":"23","author":"Ruifrok","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib65","first-page":"318","article-title":"Cellular neuroplasticity mechanisms mediating pain persistence","volume":"18","author":"Salter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Orofacial Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3959(02)00373-1","article-title":"Peripheral interactions between dextromethorphan, ketamine and amitriptyline on formalin-evoked behaviors and paw edema in rats","volume":"102","author":"Sawynok","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00195-X","article-title":"Peripheral antinociceptive action of amitriptyline in the rat formalin test: involvement of adenosine","volume":"80","author":"Sawynok","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(94)90386-7","article-title":"Distribution of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtype gene expression in rat brain","volume":"21","author":"Scheinin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1038\/nn942","article-title":"Can we conquer pain?","volume":"5","author":"Scholz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.20.1.11","article-title":"Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions","volume":"20","author":"Scoville","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00453-7","article-title":"Axonal transport of TNF-\u03b1 in painful neuropathy: distribution of ligand tracer and TNF receptors","volume":"114","author":"Shubayev","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8027.2002.02003.x","article-title":"Endoneurial remodeling by TNF\u03b1 and TNF\u03b1-releasing proteases. A spatial and temporal co-localization study in painful neuropathy","volume":"7","author":"Shubayev","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00010-1","article-title":"Anterograde TNF\u03b1 transport from rat dorsal root ganglion to spinal cord and injured sciatic nerve","volume":"320","author":"Shubayev","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2005.10.011","article-title":"TNF\u03b1-induced MMP-9 promotes macrophage recruitment into injured peripheral nerve","volume":"31","author":"Shubayev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)01327-9","article-title":"Painful mononeuropathy in C57BL\/Wld mice with delayed Wallerian degeneration: differential effects of cytokine production and nerve regeneration on thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity","volume":"784","author":"Sommer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199509000-00004","article-title":"Quantitative neuropathology of a focal nerve injury causing hyperalgesia","volume":"54","author":"Sommer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00154-1","article-title":"The effect of thalidomide treatment on vascular pathology and hyperalgesia caused by chronic constriction injury of rat nerve","volume":"74","author":"Sommer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00147-4","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 induces ectopic activity in nociceptive primary afferent fibres","volume":"81","author":"Sorkin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4346","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.12.4346","article-title":"Modulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression","volume":"142","author":"Spengler","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.5.1430","article-title":"Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptor augments the production of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor","volume":"145","author":"Spengler","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3024","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.6.3024","article-title":"Endogenous norepinephrine regulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from macrophages in vitro","volume":"152","author":"Spengler","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2006.08.027","article-title":"Antinociception mediated by \u03b12-adrenergic activation involves increasing tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1) expression and restoring TNF\u03b1 and \u03b12-adrenergic inhibition of norepinephrine release","volume":"52","author":"Spengler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.06.001","article-title":"Uncovering molecular elements of brain\u2013body communication during development and treatment of neuropathic pain","volume":"21","author":"Sud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1159\/000087656","article-title":"Spinal and supraspinal contributions to central sensitization in peripheral neuropathy","volume":"14","author":"Suzuki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuro-Signals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(96)01025-6","article-title":"Descending modulation from the region of the locus coeruleus on nociceptive sensitivity in a rat model of inflammatory hyperalgesia","volume":"743","author":"Tsuruoka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-201X.1971.tb10998.x","article-title":"Stereotaxic mapping of the monoamine pathways in the rat brain","volume":"367","author":"Ungerstedt","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand. (suppl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7687","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.14.7687","article-title":"Supraspinal contributions to hyperalgesia","volume":"96","author":"Urban","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.03.016","article-title":"Descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla maintains nerve injury-induced central sensitization","volume":"140","author":"Vera-Portocarrero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199611250-00018","article-title":"Endoneurial injection of TNF-alpha produces nociceptive behaviors","volume":"7","author":"Wagner","year":"1996","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(96)00127-3","article-title":"Schwann cells produce tumor necrosis factor alpha: expression in injured and non-injured nerves","volume":"73","author":"Wagner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(96)00080-X","article-title":"Production of tumor necrosis factor in spinal cord following traumatic injury in rats","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00715-3","article-title":"Mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) hyperalgesia","volume":"692","author":"Watkins","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3109(96)00111-7","article-title":"Tricyclic antidepressants inhibit IL-6, IL-1beta and TNFalpha release in human blood monocytes and IL-2 and interferon-gamma in T-cells","volume":"34","author":"Xia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.09.077","article-title":"Effect of betamethasone on neuropathic pain and cerebral expression of NF-kB and cytokines","volume":"393","author":"Xie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(85)90537-4","article-title":"Pharmacology of spinal adrenergic systems which modulate spinal nociceptive processing","volume":"22","author":"Yaksh","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1387","article-title":"Acute topical application of tumor necrosis factor alpha evokes protein kinase A-dependent responses in rat sensory neurons","volume":"88","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299908004597?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299908004597?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T17:27:17Z","timestamp":1738171637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299908004597"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014299908004597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.043","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1118772.574851","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}}}