{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:30:29Z","timestamp":1790674229568,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)","award":["AP 2005-1411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP 2005-1411"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)","award":["2006-08278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2006-08278"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011011","name":"Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["03089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]],"date-time":"2009-10-16T04:19:32Z","timestamp":1255666772000},"page":"104-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Prevalence of executive dysfunction in cocaine, heroin and alcohol users enrolled in therapeutic communities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"626","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Serrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 C.","family":"Perales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Verdejo-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(03)00092-9","article-title":"Cognitive impairment, retention and abstinence among cocaine abusers in cognitive\u2013behavioral treatment","volume":"71","author":"Aharonovich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.08.003","article-title":"Cognitive deficits predict low treatment retention in cocaine dependent patients","volume":"81","author":"Aharonovich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04584.x","article-title":"Neuropsychological deficits in sober alcoholics: influences of chronicity and recent alcohol consumption","volume":"24","author":"Beatty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00136-6","article-title":"Decision-making deficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in alcohol and stimulant abusers","volume":"39","author":"Bechara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1300\/J233v05n02_03","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in health and health care: lessons from an inner-city patient population actively using heroin and cocaine","volume":"5","author":"Bernstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Ethn. Subst. Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2004.06.012","article-title":"Impulsivity in abstinent alcohol-dependent patients: relation to control subjects and type 1-\/type 2-like traits","volume":"34","author":"Bjork","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00113-7","article-title":"Orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in abstinent cocaine abusers performing a decision-making task","volume":"19","author":"Bolla","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.17.3.417","article-title":"Risk-taking on tests sensitive to ventromedial prefrontal cortex dysfunction predicts early relapse in alcohol dependency: a pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Bowden-Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neuropsych. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.017","article-title":"Executive functions and risky decision-making in patients with opiate dependence","volume":"7","author":"Brand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198606000-00008","article-title":"Prevalence of cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"174","author":"Carbotte","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Nerv. Ment. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280490521078","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of neuropsychological impairment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV\/AIDS) patients across pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy eras: a combined study of two cohorts","volume":"10","author":"Cysique","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib59","unstructured":"Cohen, J., 1988. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.), Lawrence Erbaum Association Publishers, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00012-1","article-title":"Neuropsychological deficits and opiate abuse","volume":"67","author":"Davis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib11","series-title":"Category Test: Computer Version Research Edition","author":"DeFilippis","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-1051-1","article-title":"Chronic cocaine but not chronic amphetamine use is associated with perseverative responding in humans","volume":"197","author":"Ersche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.8.3.179","article-title":"The effect of neurocognitive status and personality functioning on length of stay in residential substance abuse treatment: an integrative study","volume":"8","author":"Fals-Stewart","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199207)48:4<539::AID-JCLP2270480416>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"The relationship between length of stay in drug-free therapeutic communities and neurocognitive functioning","volume":"48","author":"Fals-Stewart","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez-Serrano, M.J., Perez-Garcia, M., Schmidt, J., Verdejo-Garcia, A., in press. Neuropsychological consequences of alcohol and drug abuse on different components of executive functions. J. Psychopharmacol.","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881109349841"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00062-5","article-title":"Acute effects of oral cocaine on inhibitory control of behavior in humans","volume":"67","author":"Fillmore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.02.015","article-title":"Neurocognitive characterizations of Russian heroin addicts without a significant history of other drug use","volume":"90","author":"Fishbein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(03)00081-2","article-title":"Drug craving and addiction: integrating psychological and neuropsychopharmacological approaches","volume":"27","author":"Franken","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib18","series-title":"Stroop color and word tests: a manual for clinical and experimental uses","author":"Golden","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib19","series-title":"Comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead\u2013Reitan battery","author":"Heaton","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib20","first-page":"416","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in patients with relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis. The correlation with MRI lesion volume","volume":"42","author":"Karlinska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol. Neurochir. Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04027.x","article-title":"Cocaine dependence and attention switching within and between verbal and visuospatial working memory","volume":"21","author":"Kubler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22246","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease without dementia","volume":"23","author":"Kulisevsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1985.46.116","article-title":"Neuropsychological test results are related to ratings of men alcoholics' therapeutic progress: a replicated study","volume":"46","author":"Leber","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050210128915","article-title":"Impulse control differences between abstinent heroin users and matched controls","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Inj."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.14.4.491","article-title":"Assessment of strategic self-regulation in traumatic brain injury: its relationship to injury severity and psychosocial outcome","volume":"14","author":"Levine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.5.450","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of neuropsychological deficits in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"61","author":"Massman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00155-1","article-title":"Predictors of outpatient treatment retention: patient versus substance use characteristics","volume":"62","author":"McCaul","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.10.008","article-title":"Opioid abuse and cognitive performance","volume":"78","author":"Mintzer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(00)00492-5","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with and without overt neuropsychiatric manifestations","volume":"184","author":"Monastero","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02662.x","article-title":"Executive dysfunction and clinical outcome in chronic alcoholics","volume":"26","author":"Moriyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.12.1152","article-title":"Supervisory attentional system in nonamnesic alcoholic men","volume":"58","author":"Noel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00097-X","article-title":"Profiles of cognitive dysfunction in chronic amphetamine and heroin abusers","volume":"23","author":"Ornstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.10.008","article-title":"Neuropsychological predictors of clinical outcome in opiate addiction","volume":"94","author":"Passetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/17.7.663","article-title":"The impact of heroin on frontal executive functions","volume":"17","author":"Pau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.7.761","article-title":"Neural activation patterns of methamphetamine-dependent subjects during decision making predict relapse","volume":"62","author":"Paulus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2002.0o315.x","article-title":"Chronic alcoholism and the frontal lobe: which executive functions are impaired?","volume":"105","author":"Ratti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib37","series-title":"The Prefrontal Cortex: Executive and Cognitive Functions","author":"Roberts","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(82)90160-2","article-title":"Predictors of outcome in treatment of opiate addicts: evidence for the multidimensional nature of addicts' problems","volume":"23","author":"Rounsaville","year":"1982","journal-title":"Compr. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib39","series-title":"Ruff Figural Fluency Test: Professional Manual","author":"Ruff","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib40","series-title":"Test de los cinco d\u00edgitos: Five digit test","author":"Sed\u00f3","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib41","series-title":"Reading-free Stroop interference tests: automatic and effortful processing In: Proceedings of the 17th Midyear Conference of the International Neuropsychological Society","author":"Sed\u00f3","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib42","series-title":"Principles of Frontal Lobe Functioning","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2003.07.003","article-title":"fMRI BOLD response to alcohol stimuli in alcohol dependent young women","volume":"29","author":"Tapert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(01)00207-6","article-title":"Substance abuse treatment outcomes for cognitively impaired and intact outpatients","volume":"27","author":"Teichner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0632-8","article-title":"Profile of executive deficits in cocaine and heroin poly-substance users: common and differential effects on separate executive components","volume":"190","author":"Verdejo-Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.02.010","article-title":"Ecological assessment of executive functions in substance dependent individuals","volume":"90","author":"Verdejo-Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.08.001","article-title":"Substance abusers' self-awareness of the neurobehavioral consequences of addiction","volume":"158","author":"Verdejo-Garcia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.04.015","article-title":"Differential effects of MDMA, cocaine, and cannabis use severity on distinctive components of the executive functions in polysubstance users: a multiple regression analysis","volume":"30","author":"Verdejo-Garcia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.11.006","article-title":"Neuropsychological functioning in methadone maintenance patients versus abstinent heroin abusers","volume":"78","author":"Verdejo-Garcia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2005.11.003","article-title":"Differential impact of severity of drug use on frontal behavioral symptoms","volume":"31","author":"Verdejo-Garcia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.06.032","article-title":"Cognitive impulsivity in cocaine and heroin polysubstance abusers","volume":"32","author":"Verdejo-Garc\u00eda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.024","article-title":"Strategic self-regulation, decision-making and emotion processing in poly-substance abusers in their first year of abstinence","volume":"86","author":"Verdejo-Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib53","series-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale","author":"Wechsler","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib54","series-title":"Wechsler Memory Scale","author":"Wechsler","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib55","series-title":"Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome","author":"Wilson","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/16.7.653","article-title":"Statistics to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth: formulae, illustrative numerical examples, and heuristic interpretation of effects size analyses for neuropsychological researchers","volume":"16","author":"Zakzanis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299909009108?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299909009108?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T14:28:14Z","timestamp":1588775294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299909009108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014299909009108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.10.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}}}