{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T21:32:03Z","timestamp":1778016723815,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["483763\/2010-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["483763\/2010-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008353","name":"FAEPA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["70\/202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70\/202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008353","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008353","name":"FAEPA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["210\/2005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210\/2005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008353","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008353","name":"FAEPA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["345\/2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["345\/2009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008353","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1995\/3604-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1995\/3604-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1995\/8418-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1995\/8418-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2007\/01174-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2007\/01174-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009\/54014-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009\/54014-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012\/03798-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012\/03798-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2005.1.891.17.3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2005.1.891.17.3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"CNPq Post-Graduation fellowships","award":["130170\/2009-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["130170\/2009-7"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009\/02458-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009\/02458-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CNPq Sc.D.","award":["142844\/2011-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["142844\/2011-0"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2010\/15140-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010\/15140-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/10742-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/10742-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012\/22681-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012\/22681-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["301905\/2010-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["301905\/2010-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"CNPq Productivity Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02\/01497-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/01497-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["501858\/2005-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["501858\/2005-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["500896\/2008-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["500896\/2008-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["505461\/2010-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["505461\/2010-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,5]],"date-time":"2015-04-05T21:17:56Z","timestamp":1428268676000},"page":"153-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dissociation between the panicolytic effect of cannabidiol microinjected into the substantia nigra, pars reticulata, and fear-induced antinociception elicited by bicuculline administration in deep layers of the superior colliculus: The role of CB1-cannabinoid receptor in the ventral mesencephalon"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"758","author":[{"given":"Juliana Almeida","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey Francisco","family":"Biagioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael Carvalho","family":"Almada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alexandre","family":"de Souza Crippa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime Eduardo","family":"Cec\u00edlio Hallak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Waldo","family":"Zuardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norberto Cysne","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21814","article-title":"Recruitment of striatonigral disinhibitory and nigro-tectal inhibitory GABAergic pathways during the organization of defensive behavior by mice in a dangerous environment with the venomous snake Bothrops alternatus (Reptilia, Viperidae)","author":"Almada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.6","article-title":"Cannabidiol reduces the anxiety induced by simulated public speaking in treatment-na\u00efve social phobia patients","volume":"36","author":"Bergamaschi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209788957465","article-title":"Imaging the neural effects of cannabinoids: current status and future opportunities for psychopharmacology","volume":"15","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"issue":"67","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.10.024","article-title":"Serotonergic neural links from the dorsal raphe nucleus modulate defensive behaviours organised by the dorsomedial hypothalamus and the elaboration of fear-induced antinociception via locus coeruleus","author":"Biagioni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2012007500037","article-title":"Panic-like defensive behavior but not fear-induced antinociception are differently organized by dorsomedial and posterior hypothalamic nuclei of Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia, Muridae)","volume":"45","author":"Biagioni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704327","article-title":"Molecular targets for cannabidiol and its synthetic analogues: effect on vanilloid VR1 receptors and on the cellular uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis of anandamide","volume":"134","author":"Bisogno","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(01)00009-4","article-title":"Mouse defensive behaviours: pharmacological and behavioral assays for anxiety and panic","volume":"25","author":"Blanchard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2000.19640527.x","article-title":"Synaptic organization of the basal ganglia","volume":"196","author":"Bolam","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.05.068","article-title":"Fos-like immunoreactivity in the brain associated with freezing or escape induced by inhibition of either glutamic acid decarboxylase or GABAA receptors in the dorsal periaqueductal gray","volume":"1051","author":"Borelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.207","article-title":"Opposing roles for cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) and transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 channel (TRPV1) on the modulation of panic-like responses in rats","volume":"37","author":"Casarotto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1168-x","article-title":"Involvement of 5HT1A receptors in the anxiolytic-like effects of cannabidiol injected into the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray of rats","volume":"199","author":"Campos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.08.017","article-title":"Evidence for a potential role for TRPV1 receptors in the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray in the attenuation of the anxiolytic effects of cannabinoids","volume":"33","author":"Campos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2006.05.002","volume":"32","author":"Castellan-Baldan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(81)90059-8","article-title":"Evidence for a GABAergic inhibitory nigro-collicular pathway in the rat","volume":"21","author":"Chevalier","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(05)80289-X","article-title":"Evidence for the involvement of serotonin in the antinociception induced by electrical or chemical stimulation of the mesencephalic tectum","volume":"50","author":"Coimbra","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(93)90159-N","article-title":"GABAergic nigro-collicular pathways modulate the defensive behaviour elicited by midbrain tectum stimulation","volume":"59","author":"Coimbra","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behav. Brain. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(96)02267-X","article-title":"Effects of 5-HT2 receptors blockade on fear-induced analgesia elicited by electrical stimulation of the deep layers of the superior colliculus and dorsal periaquedutal gray","volume":"87","author":"Coimbra","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.08.022","volume":"197","author":"Coimbra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib19","first-page":"111","article-title":"GABAergic fibers from substantia nigra, pars reticulata, modulate escape behaviour induced by midbrain central gray stimulation","volume":"22","author":"Coimbra","year":"1989","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000544","article-title":"Effects of opioid receptor blockade on defensive behavior elicited by electrical stimulation of the aversive substrates of the inferior colliculus in Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia, Muridae)","volume":"152","author":"Coimbra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705920","article-title":"Vanilloid TRPV1 receptor mediates the antihyperalgesic effect of the nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, cannabidiol, in rat model of acute inflammation","volume":"143","author":"Costa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300340","article-title":"Effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on regional cerebral blood flow","volume":"29","author":"Crippa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1048","article-title":"Cannabis and anxiety: a critical review of the evidence","volume":"7","author":"Crippa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881110379283","article-title":"Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report","volume":"25","author":"Crippa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.12.031","article-title":"Rostral ventromedial medulla connections in Cavia porcellus and their relation with tonic immobility defensive behavior: a biotinylated dextran amine neurotracing study","volume":"535","author":"da Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.07.038","article-title":"Chemical neuroanatomical and psychopharmacological evidence that \u03ba receptor-mediated endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmission in the dorsal and ventral mesencephalon modulates panic-like behavior","volume":"698","author":"da Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht001","article-title":"NMDA and AMPA\/kainate glutamatergic receptors in the prelimbic medial pre-frontal cortex modulate the elaborated defensive-behaviour and innate fear-induced antinociception elicited by GABAA receptor blockade in the medial hypothalamus","volume":"24","author":"de Freitas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145713000163","volume":"16","author":"de Freitas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.05.004","article-title":"Intra-dorsal periaqueductal gray administration of cannabidiol blocks panic-like response by activating 5-HT1A receptors","volume":"213","author":"De Paula Soares","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.01166.x","article-title":"Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes","volume":"163","author":"de Petrocellis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)09876-1","article-title":"Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain","volume":"34","author":"Devane","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1470919","article-title":"Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor","volume":"258","author":"Devane","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(01)00155-1","volume":"42","author":"Eichenberger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib34","series-title":"The Rat Nervous System","first-page":"215","article-title":"Substantia nigra","author":"Fallon","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03329408","article-title":"Triggering of the endorphin analgesia reaction by a cue previously associated with shock. Reversal by naloxone","volume":"14","author":"Fanselow","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bull. Psychon. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2000.0844","article-title":"Cannabinoid CB1 receptor expression in rat spinal cord","volume":"15","author":"Farquhar-Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2012.01.005","article-title":"Opioidergic, GABAergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in the dorsal raphe nucleus modulate tonic immobility in guinea pigs","volume":"106","author":"Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(03)00235-1","article-title":"Effects of direct periaqueductal grey administration of a cannabinoid receptor agonist on nociceptive and aversive responses in rats","volume":"45","author":"Finn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.09.096","article-title":"GABAA receptor blockade in dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus evokes panic-like elaborated defensive behaviour followed by innate fear-induced antinociception","volume":"1305","author":"Freitas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00474-7","article-title":"The role of central and peripheral cannabinoid 1 receptors in the antihyperalgesic activity of cannabinoids in a model of neuropathic pain","volume":"92","author":"Fox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.519","article-title":"Distinct effects of {delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on neural activation during emotional processing","volume":"66","author":"Fusar-Poli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.11.035","article-title":"Cannabinoid CB2 receptors: immunohistochemical localization in rat brain","volume":"1071","author":"Gong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9457","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0013-12.2012","article-title":"Activation of type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors and diacylglycerol lipase-\u03b1 initiates 2-arachidonoylglycerol formation and endocannabinoid-mediated analgesia","volume":"32","author":"Gregg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(95)00305-3","article-title":"Predator-elicited flight responses in Swiss-Webster mice: an experimental model of panic attacks","volume":"20","author":"Griebel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244012","article-title":"Antianxiety effect of cannabidiol in the elevated plus-maze","volume":"100","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.2.575","article-title":"Cannabinoid suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity in wide dynamic range neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn of the rat","volume":"81","author":"Hohmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03658","article-title":"An endocannabinoid mechanism for stress-induced analgesia","volume":"435","author":"Hohmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409888102","article-title":"CB2 cannabinoid receptor activation produces antinociception by stimulation peripheral release of endogenous opioids","volume":"102","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9506","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-23-09506.2001","article-title":"Distribution of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the amygdala and their role in the control of GABAergic transmission","volume":"21","author":"Katona","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20242-7","article-title":"Spinal and supraspinal components of cannabinoid-induced antinociception","volume":"258","author":"Lichtman","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00242-2","article-title":"Upregulation of spinal cannabinoid-1-receptors following nerve injury enhances the effects of Win 55,212-2 on neuropathic pain behaviours in rats","volume":"105","author":"Lim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.07.032","article-title":"Activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray induces anxiolytic effects in rats submitted to the vogel conflict test","volume":"593","author":"Lisboa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(99)01339-5","article-title":"Pharmacological and biochemical interactions between opioids and cannabinoids","volume":"7","author":"Manzanares","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2174\/157015906778019527","article-title":"Role of the cannabinoid system in pain control and therapeutic implications for the management of acute and chronic pain episodes","volume":"4","author":"Manzanares","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/346561a0","article-title":"Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA","volume":"346","author":"Matsuda","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1969.30.1.0014","article-title":"Sensations evoked by stimulation in the midbrain of man","volume":"30","author":"Nashold","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00156-1","article-title":"Distinct cellular distribution of GABAB R1 and GABAA alpha 1 receptor immunoreactivity in the rat substantia nigra","volume":"99","author":"Ng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)13195-9","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of cannabinoids in the elevated plus maze","volume":"53","author":"Onaivi","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib59","series-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(98)00238-0","article-title":"Complex pharmacology of natural cannabinoids: evidence for partial agonist activity of \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol and antagonist activity of cannabidiol on rat brain cannabinoid receptors","volume":"63","author":"Petitet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1981.tb09145.x","article-title":"Sedative activity of cannabis in relation to its delta-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol content","volume":"72","author":"Pickens","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90917-5","article-title":"An assessment of the antinociceptive and aversive effects of stimulating identified sites in the rat brain","volume":"340","author":"Prado","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)35376-5","article-title":"Carrier-mediated uptake of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide in RBL-2H3 cells","volume":"292","author":"Rakhshan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2008.00046.x","article-title":"5-HT1A receptors are involved in the cannabidiol-induced attenuation of behavioural and cardiovascular responses to acute restraint stress in rats","volume":"156","author":"Resstel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2005.07.004","volume":"30","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-005-6978-1","article-title":"Agonistic properties of cannabidiol at 5-HT1A receptors","volume":"30","author":"Russo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib67","first-page":"1115","article-title":"CB1 receptor localization in rat spinal cord and roots, dorsal root ganglion, and peripheral nerve","volume":"20","author":"Sa\u00f1udo-Pe\u00f1a","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao (Acta Pharmacol. Sin.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(85)90599-0","article-title":"Behavioral effects of microinjections of SR 95103, a new GABA-A antagonist, into the medial hypothalamus or the mesencephalic central gray","volume":"117","author":"Schmitt","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)00798-1","article-title":"Cannabinoid CB1 receptor upregulation in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain","volume":"415","author":"Siegling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2005.10.007","article-title":"Endocannabinoids at the spinal level regulate, but do not mediate, nonopioid stress-induced analgesia","volume":"50","author":"Suplita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37365-3","article-title":"Comparative receptor binding analyses of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists","volume":"285","author":"Thomas","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.03.008","article-title":"1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging of the hippocampus in patients with panic disorder","volume":"182","author":"Trzesniak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113493363","article-title":"The role of 5-HT1A receptors in the antiaversive effects of cannabidiol on panic attack-like behaviours evoked in the presence of the wild snake Epicrates cenchria crassus (Reptilia, Boidae)","volume":"12","author":"Twardowschy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.11.062","article-title":"\u00b5- and \u03ba-Opioid receptor activation in the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter differentially modulates panic-like behaviours induced by electrical and chemical stimulation on the inferior colliculus","volume":"1597","author":"Twardowschy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.188","article-title":"Anti-aversive effects of cannabidiol on innate fear-induced behaviours evoked by an ethological model of panic attacks based on a prey vs the wild snake Epicrates cenchria crassus confrontation paradigm","volume":"37","author":"Uribe-Mari\u00f1o","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0114-4","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms involved in the asymmetric interaction between cannabinoid and opioid systems","volume":"182","author":"Vigan\u00f2","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-001-0520-z","article-title":"Analysis of the effect of cannabinoids on GABAergic neurotransmission in the substantia nigra pars reticulata","volume":"365","author":"Wallmichrath","year":"2002","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u05f3s Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(98)00052-6","article-title":"Distribution and characterization of anandamide amidohydrolase in mouse brain and liver","volume":"62","author":"Watanabe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.9.JNS09577","article-title":"Induction of panic attack by stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus","volume":"112","author":"Wilent","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/026988119300700112","article-title":"Effects of ipsapirone and cannabidiol on human experimental anxiety","volume":"7","author":"Zuardi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2006000400001","article-title":"Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an antipsychotic drug","volume":"39","author":"Zuardi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001429991500268X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001429991500268X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T22:39:33Z","timestamp":1747867173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001429991500268X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["S001429991500268X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dissociation between the panicolytic effect of cannabidiol microinjected into the substantia nigra, pars reticulata, and fear-induced antinociception elicited by bicuculline administration in deep layers of the superior colliculus: The role of CB1-cannabinoid receptor in the ventral mesencephalon","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.051","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}