{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T22:45:17Z","timestamp":1791153917239,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Northern Cancer Foundation"},{"name":"Northern Ontario Heritage Funds Corporation"},{"name":"City of Greater Sudbury"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,8]],"date-time":"2015-05-08T07:09:53Z","timestamp":1431068993000},"page":"472-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Chloroquine-based hybrid molecules as promising novel chemotherapeutic agents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"762","author":[{"given":"Vandana","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2008.07.038","article-title":"Design, synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity of 4-aminoquinoline and 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives targeting EGFR tyrosine kinase","volume":"16","author":"Abouzid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib2","first-page":"271","article-title":"Cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species generated by ferrocenium and ferrocene on MCF7 and MCF10A cell lines","volume":"04","author":"Acevedo-Morantes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cancer Sci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib101","first-page":"29","article-title":"In vitro activity of chloroquine phosphate on the antibacterial potency of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride on the clinical isolates of some gram-negative microorganisms","volume":"2","author":"Adegbolagun","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Environ. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2011183207","article-title":"The antimalarial ferroquine: from bench to clinic","volume":"18","author":"Biot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.2174\/092986710790416254","article-title":"Tubulin-targeting agents in hybrid drugs","volume":"17","author":"Breen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2007.11.013","article-title":"New trends for metal complexes with anticancer activity","volume":"12","author":"Bruijnincx","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712803414295","article-title":"DNA interstrand cross-linking agents and their chemotherapeutic potential","volume":"19","author":"Brulikova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115301","article-title":"Chloroquine inhibits the intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila by limiting the availability of Iron. A potential new mechanism for the therapeutic effect of chloroquine against intracellular pathogens","volume":"88","author":"Byrd","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2174\/1568009023334060","article-title":"Sulfonamides and sulfonylated derivatives as anticancer agents","volume":"2","author":"Casini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2008.12.017","article-title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of extraordinarily potent C-10 carba artemisinin dimers against P. falciparum malaria parasites and HL-60 cancer cells","volume":"17","author":"Chadwick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1358\/dnp.2010.23.10.1468390","article-title":"Trioxaquines: hybrid molecules for the treatment of malaria","volume":"23","author":"Chauhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug News Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(01)00462-0","article-title":"Modulation of human mammary cell sensitivity to paclitaxel by new quinoline sulfonamides","volume":"11","author":"Chibale","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2005.02.037","article-title":"Design, synthesis and anti-plasmodial evaluation in vitro of new 4-aminoquinoline isatin derivatives","volume":"13","author":"Chiyanzu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib103","first-page":"545","article-title":"Treatment of amebic hepatitis with chloroquine","volume":"24","author":"Conan","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bull N Y Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e167-80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2014.03.007","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine: a multifaceted treatment in lupus","volume":"43","author":"Costedoat-Chalumeau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4277","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-3669","article-title":"A new class of quinoline-based DNA hypomethylating agents reactivates tumor suppressor genes by blocking DNA methyltransferase 1 activity and inducing its degradation","volume":"69","author":"Datta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2011.03.003","article-title":"4-Aminoquinoline analogues and its platinum (II) complexes as antimalarial agents","volume":"65","author":"De Souza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2010.06.071","article-title":"Synthesis of aryl-heteroaryl ureas (AHUs) based on 4-aminoquinoline and their evaluation against the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R)","volume":"18","author":"Engen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.8960","article-title":"Phase I study of EKB-569, an irreversible inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor, in patients with advanced solid tumors","volume":"24","author":"Erlichman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2012.06.039","article-title":"Synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of ferrocenyl-aminoquinoline\u2013carboxamide conjugates","volume":"393","author":"Esparza-Ruiz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib17","first-page":"725","article-title":"Synthesis of [(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]chalcones: potential antimalarial and anticancer agents","volume":"77","author":"Ferrer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1517\/17460441.2013.798296","article-title":"Advances in the development of hybrid anticancer drugs","volume":"8","author":"Fortin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2008.11.050","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of dihydroartemisinin and dihydroartemisitene acetal dimers showing anticancer and antiprotozoal activity","volume":"17","author":"Galal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1517\/17460440903341705","article-title":"Promise and challenges in drug discovery and development of hybrid anticancer drugs","volume":"4","author":"Gediya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2004.05.022","article-title":"The contributions of Paul Ehrlich to infectious disease","volume":"54","author":"Gensini","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1021\/jm200149e","article-title":"Enone\u2013 and chalcone\u2013chloroquinoline hybrid analogues: in silico guided design, synthesis, antiplasmodial activity, in vitro metabolism, and mechanistic studies","volume":"54","author":"Guantai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2010.10.009","article-title":"Design, synthesis and in vitro antimalarial evaluation of triazole-linked chalcone and dienone hybrid compounds","volume":"18","author":"Guantai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib24","series-title":"Mechanism of Action of Antimicrobial and Antitumor Agents. Chloroquine (Resochin)","author":"Hahn","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5878","DOI":"10.1021\/jm2006047","article-title":"Synthesis and structure\u2013activity evaluation of isatin-\u03b2-thiosemicarbazones with improved selective activity toward multidrug-resistant cells expressing P-glycoprotein","volume":"54","author":"Hall","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-012-0429-1","article-title":"Weekly low-dose docetaxel combined with estramustine and dexamethasone for Japanese patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"18","author":"Hatano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6431","DOI":"10.1039\/c2dt12050j","article-title":"1,2-Disubstituted ferrocenyl carbohydrate chloroquine conjugates as potential antimalarial agents","volume":"41","author":"Herrmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2009.11.017","article-title":"A 4-aminoquinoline derivative that markedly sensitizes tumor cell killing by Akt inhibitors with a minimum cytotoxicity to non-cancer cells","volume":"45","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2008.07.076","article-title":"The efficacy and selectivity of tumor cell killing by Akt inhibitors are substantially increased by chloroquine","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.69.1.373","article-title":"Protein tyrosine kinase structure and function","volume":"69","author":"Hubbard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib31","first-page":"2959","article-title":"Targeting the cytotoxicity of topoisomerase II-directed epipodophyllotoxins to tumor cells in acidic environments targeting the cytotoxicity of topoisomerase tumor cells in acidic environments","author":"Jensen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.60.659","article-title":"Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel 2-arylvinyl-4-aminoquinoline derivatives","volume":"60","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2010.01.061","article-title":"Potent DNA-directed alkylating agents: synthesis and biological activity of phenyl N-mustard\u2013quinoline conjugates having a urea or hydrazinecarboxamide linker","volume":"18","author":"Kakadiya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NJ00936C","article-title":"C5-curcuminoid-4-aminoquinoline based molecular hybrids: design, synthesis and mechanistic investigation of anticancer activity","volume":"39","author":"Kandi","year":"2015","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh522","article-title":"Enhanced anticryptococcal activity of chloroquine in phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes in a murine model","volume":"55","author":"Khan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-2464","article-title":"Chloroquine in cancer therapy: a double-edged sword of autophagy","volume":"73","author":"Kimura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2009.02.024","article-title":"Recent developments in the design and synthesis of hybrid molecules based on aminoquinoline ring and their antiplasmodial evaluation","volume":"44","author":"Kouznetsov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-2886-x","article-title":"From methylene blue to chloroquine: a brief review of the development of an antimalarial therapy","volume":"111","author":"Krafts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1021\/om300945c","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of silicon-containing aminoquinoline organometallic complexes as antiplasmodial, antitumor, and antimycobacterial agents","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Organometallics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.2533\/chimia.2007.692","article-title":"Ruthenium anticancer compounds: challenges and expectations","volume":"61","author":"Loannis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chim. Int. J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2012.09.019","article-title":"Antimalarial and anticancer activities of artemisinin\u2013quinoline hybrid-dimers and pharmacokinetic properties in mice","volume":"47","author":"Lombard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2011.01.103","article-title":"Synthesis, in vitro antimalarial and cytotoxicity of artemisinin\u2013aminoquinoline hybrids","volume":"21","author":"Lombard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-71","article-title":"Potent in vivo anti-malarial activity and representative snapshot pharmacokinetic evaluation of artemisinin-quinoline hybrids","volume":"12","author":"Lombard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604374","article-title":"Proteins that bind methylated DNA and human cancer: reading the wrong words","volume":"98","author":"Lopez-Serra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605753","article-title":"The hypoxia-selective cytotoxin NLCQ-1 (NSC 709257) controls metastatic disease when used as an adjuvant to radiotherapy","volume":"103","author":"Lunt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7062","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra45333b","article-title":"Anticancer activity of 4-aminoquinoline-triazine based molecular hybrids","volume":"4","author":"Manohar","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339600500313","article-title":"Controlled trial with chloroquine diphosphate in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"5","author":"Meinao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1021\/ar7000843","article-title":"Hybrid molecules with a dual mode of action: dream or reality?","volume":"41","author":"Meunier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2010.12.002","article-title":"The cost of drug development: a systematic review","volume":"100","author":"Morgan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(04)03163-0","article-title":"From magic bullets to designed multiple ligands","volume":"9","author":"Morphy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6523","DOI":"10.1021\/jm058225d","article-title":"Designed multiple ligands. An emerging drug discovery paradigm","volume":"48","author":"Morphy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.20345","article-title":"Next-generation antimalarial drugs: hybrid molecules as a new strategy in drug design","volume":"71","author":"Muregi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2014.11.022","article-title":"Reemergence of chloroquine (CQ) analogs as multi-targeting antimalarial agents: a review","volume":"90","author":"Mushtaque","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-013-0748-4","article-title":"Synthesis, in vitro antiplasmodial and antiproliferative activities of a series of quinoline\u2013ferrocene hybrids","volume":"23","author":"N\u2019Da","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-4-6","article-title":"Effect of chloroquine on reducing HIV-1 replication in vitro and the DC-SIGN mediated transfer of virus to CD4+ T-lymphocytes","volume":"4","author":"Naarding","year":"2007","journal-title":"Retrovirology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1039\/c1nj20172g","article-title":"Application of ferrocene and its derivatives in cancer research","volume":"35","author":"Ornelas","year":"2011","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(13)71007-7","article-title":"Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of isatin and its derivatives: from structure to activity","volume":"65","author":"Pakravan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib55","first-page":"5714","article-title":"NLCQ-1 (NSC 709257): exploiting hypoxia with a weak DNA-intercalating bioreductive drug","volume":"9","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2009.00530.x","article-title":"Investigational new drug-directed, 5-day repeat dose toxicity study of 4-[3-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-propylamino]-7-chloroquinoline hydrochloride (NLCQ-1, NSC 709257) administered with or without taxol in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"106","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3727\/096504001108747675","article-title":"4-[3-(2-Nitro-1-imidazolyl)propylamino]-7-chloroquinoline hydrochloride (NLCQ-1), a novel bioreductive compound as a hypoxia-selective cytotoxin","volume":"12","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oncol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867033456954","article-title":"Biomolecules linked to transition metal complexes-new chances for chemotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Paschke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2013.10.025","article-title":"Recycling antimalarial leads for cancer: antiproliferative properties of N-cinnamoyl chloroquine analogues","volume":"23","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9655","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19079655","article-title":"Novel cinnamic acid derivatives as antioxidant and anticancer agents: design, synthesis and modeling studies","volume":"19","author":"Pontiki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2012.10.019","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and antimalarial activity of quinoline\u2013pyrimidine hybrids","volume":"21","author":"Pretorius","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.12273","article-title":"7-Chloroquinoline\u2013isatin conjugates: antimalarial, antitubercular, and cytotoxic evaluation","volume":"83","author":"Raj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Drug Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2013.01.032","article-title":"Azide-alkyne cycloaddition en route to 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 7-chloroquinoline-isatin chimeras: synthesis and antimalarial evaluation","volume":"62","author":"Raj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1021\/ic802220w","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antimalarial and antitumor activity of new ruthenium(II) complexes of chloroquine","volume":"48","author":"Rajapakse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1021\/cr9800199","article-title":"DNA cross-linking agents as antitumor drugs","volume":"98","author":"Rajski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-012-0283-8","article-title":"Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel 4-aminoquinoline derivatives","volume":"22","author":"Ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6113","DOI":"10.1021\/ic5005215","article-title":"New water-soluble ruthenium(II) terpyridine complexes for anticancer activity: synthesis, characterization, activation kinetics, and interaction with guanine derivatives","volume":"53","author":"Rilak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2014.06.001","article-title":"ErbB\/HER protein-tyrosine kinases: structures and small molecule inhibitors","volume":"87C","author":"Roskoski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2013.03.052","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of 7-chloro-4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline-sulfonamide as hybrid antiprotozoal agents","volume":"21","author":"Salahuddin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2012.07.028","article-title":"Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of new chloroquine\u2013chalcone hybrids against chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"22","author":"Sashidhara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2012.03.011","article-title":"Antiplasmodial activity of novel keto-enamine chalcone\u2013chloroquine based hybrid pharmacophores","volume":"20","author":"Sashidhara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200111230-00002","article-title":"Anti-HIV effects of chloroquine: mechanisms of inhibition and spectrum of activity","volume":"15","author":"Savarino","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib109","first-page":"722","article-title":"Effects of chloroquine on viral infections : an old drug against today \u2019 s diseases?","volume":"3","author":"Savarino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Personal view"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.12.012","article-title":"Lest we forget you \u2013 methylene blue\u2026","volume":"32","author":"Schirmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.6.793","article-title":"Antimalarial agents: mechanisms of action","volume":"32","author":"Schlesinger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.11.002","article-title":"Chloroquine sensitizes biofilms of Candida albicans to antifungal azoles","volume":"17","author":"Shinde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-7754(01)90284-2","article-title":"Anticancer therapy targeting the erbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases","volume":"28","author":"Slichenmyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2010.01.001","article-title":"Design and synthesis of anti-breast cancer agents from 4-piperazinylquinoline: a hybrid pharmacophore approach","volume":"18","author":"Solomon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.06.063","article-title":"Chloroquine and its analogs: a new promise of an old drug for effective and safe cancer therapies","volume":"625","author":"Solomon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.2174\/092986711795328382","article-title":"Quinoline as a privileged scaffold in cancer drug discovery","volume":"18","author":"Solomon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200610062","article-title":"DNMT1 but not its interaction with the replication machinery is required for maintenance of DNA methylation in human cells","volume":"176","author":"Spada","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24496","article-title":"Artemisinin dimer anti-cancer activity correlates with heme-catalyzed ROS generation and ER stress induction","volume":"125","author":"Stockwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/448645a","article-title":"New uses for old drugs","volume":"448","author":"Chong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.60.778","article-title":"Synthesis of certain 2-substituted-1H-benzimidazole derivatives as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents","volume":"60","author":"Taher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2013.07.004","article-title":"Chloroquine: modes of action of an undervalued drug","volume":"153","author":"Thom\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707781058805","article-title":"Molecular hybridization: a useful tool in the design of new drug prototypes","volume":"14","author":"Viegas-Junior","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450115666140714121514","article-title":"New use for old drugs? Prospective targets of chloroquines in cancer therapy","volume":"15","author":"Vlahopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209789058183","article-title":"Hybrid drugs for malaria","volume":"15","author":"Walsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1021\/jm9018383","article-title":"Antimalarial versus cytotoxic properties of dual drugs derived from 4-aminoquinolines and mannich bases: interaction with DNA","volume":"53","author":"Wenzel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2012.165","article-title":"Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly effective in treating avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an animal model","volume":"23","author":"Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2007.04.007","article-title":"Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of 4-aminoquinoline derivatives","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299915004100?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299915004100?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T21:33:14Z","timestamp":1717882394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299915004100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"references-count":98,"alternative-id":["S0014299915004100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chloroquine-based hybrid molecules as promising novel chemotherapeutic agents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.04.048","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}