{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T07:01:35Z","timestamp":1770447695489,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]],"date-time":"2016-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]],"date-time":"2016-03-12T16:31:42Z","timestamp":1457800302000},"page":"168-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Development of an experimental rat model of hyperammonemic encephalopathy and evaluation of the effects of rifaximin"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"779","author":[{"given":"Satoru","family":"Tamaoki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mami","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsui","family":"Isobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907893","article-title":"Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"362","author":"Bass","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01852181","article-title":"Brain serotonin metabolism and behavior in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis","volume":"187","author":"Bengtsson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Res. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21838","article-title":"Arterial ammonia and clinical risk factors for encephalopathy and intracranial hypertention in acute liver failure","volume":"46","author":"Bernal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24273","article-title":"AST-120 (spherical carbon adsorbent) lowers ammonia levels and attenuates brain edema in bile duct-ligated rats","volume":"53","author":"Bosoi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02034.x","article-title":"Experimental models of hepatic encephalopathy: ISHEN guidelines","volume":"29","author":"Butterworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21931","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of emergency liver transplantation for acute liver failure","volume":"15","author":"Chan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G269","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00062.2011","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acids increase arterial blood ammonia in spite of enhanced intrinsic muscle ammonia metabolism in patients with cirrhosis and healthy subjects","volume":"301","author":"Dam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2482-7-18","article-title":"Cavo-portal transposition in rat: a new simple model","author":"Di Domenico","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.31250","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy-definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998","volume":"35","author":"Ferenci","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib10","first-page":"661","article-title":"An improved nonsuture method for portacaval anastomosis in the rat","volume":"77","author":"Funovics","year":"1975","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01995065","article-title":"Die Eck'sche fistel zwischen der unteren hohlvene und der pfortader und ihre folgen f\u00fcr den organismus","volume":"32","author":"Hahn","year":"1893","journal-title":"Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401402","article-title":"Comprehensive Observational Assessment: Ia. a systematic, quantitative procedure for assessing the behavioral and physiologic state of the mouse","volume":"13","author":"Irwin","year":"1968","journal-title":"Psychophrmacologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2010.10.021","article-title":"NF-\u03baB in the mechanism of brain edema in acute liver failure: studies in transgenic mice","volume":"41","author":"Jayakumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-005-7925-1","article-title":"Animal models in the study of episodic hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis","volume":"20","author":"Jover","year":"2005","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310107","article-title":"Partial pressure of ammonia versus ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"31","author":"Kramer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.11.009","article-title":"Management of hepatic encephalopathy in the hospital","volume":"89","author":"Leise","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib17","first-page":"G455","article-title":"Azoxymethane-induced fulminant hepatic failure in C57BL\/6J mice: characterization of a new animal model","volume":"277","author":"Matkowskyj","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.11.015","article-title":"Associative learning deficit in two experimental models of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"198","author":"M\u00e9ndez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(96)00143-X","article-title":"Behavioral and neurochemical effects of a chronic choline-deficient diet in the rat","volume":"84","author":"Molinengo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20056","article-title":"The effect of hypertonic sodium chloride on intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure","volume":"39","author":"Murphy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01824322","article-title":"Ueber die bestimmung des ammoniaks in thierischen fl\u00fcssigkeiten und geweben","volume":"36","author":"Nencki","year":"1895","journal-title":"Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01966135","article-title":"Ueber den ammoniakgehalt des blutes und der organe und die harnstoffbildung bei den s\u00e4ugethieren","volume":"37","author":"Nencki","year":"1896","journal-title":"Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/08941930490502871","article-title":"A model of partial hepatectomy in mice","volume":"17","author":"Nikfarjam","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Invest. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-007-9062-5","article-title":"New concepts in the mechanism of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling","volume":"22","author":"Norenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i17.2084","article-title":"Rifaximin, but not growth factor 1, reduces brain edema in cirrhotic rats","volume":"18","author":"\u00d2dena","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01477-8","article-title":"Correlation between ammonia levels and the severity of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"114","author":"Ong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711400403","article-title":"The brain in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy","volume":"140","author":"Pilbeam","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708143370707","article-title":"Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"337","author":"Riordan","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-005-7913-5","article-title":"Role of phosphate-activated glutaminase in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"20","author":"Romero-G\u00f3mez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.09.005","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"62","author":"Romero-G\u00f3mez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.03.021","article-title":"Intestinal glutaminase activity is increased in liver cirrhosis and correlates with minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"41","author":"Romero-G\u00f3mez","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10303","article-title":"S100B in brain damage and neurodegeneration","volume":"60","author":"Rothermundt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9240","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i48.9240","article-title":"Pathophysiology of cerebral oedema in acute liver failure","volume":"19","author":"Scott","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.07.045","article-title":"Infection and systemic inflammation, not ammonia, are associated with grade 3\/4 hepatic encephalopathy, but not mortality in cirrhosis","volume":"54","author":"Shawcross","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2014.858598","article-title":"Recent insights into the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and treatments","volume":"8","author":"Sturgeon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.05.042","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 practice guideline by the European association for the study of the liver and the American association for the study of liver diseases","volume":"61","author":"Vilstrup","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020785009005","article-title":"Elevated serum levels of astroglial S100\u03b2 in patients with liver cirrhosis indicate early and subclinical portal-systemic encephalopathy","volume":"14","author":"Wiltfang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2004.09.011","article-title":"A new enzymatic cycling method for ammonia assay using NAD synthetase","volume":"352","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299916301479?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299916301479?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T10:25:07Z","timestamp":1536920707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299916301479"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0014299916301479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development of an experimental rat model of hyperammonemic encephalopathy and evaluation of the effects of rifaximin","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.03.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}