{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T07:18:43Z","timestamp":1785395923340,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81700364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81700364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20170179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20170179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["JUSRP11754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JUSRP11754"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M611688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M611688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004028","name":"Jiangnan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K2050205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2050205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Provence","award":["KYCX18_1867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX18_1867"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,16]],"date-time":"2019-02-16T10:41:43Z","timestamp":1550313703000},"page":"13-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Vaccarin ameliorates insulin resistance and steatosis by activating the AMPK signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"851","author":[{"given":"Yueyue","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leilei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanggen","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangshuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houwang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuetao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxiu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2004.11.006","article-title":"Glucosamine effects in humans: a review of effects on glucose metabolism, side effects, safety considerations and efficacy","volume":"43","author":"Anderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.02.006","article-title":"Thymoquinone alleviates thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis and inflammation by activating LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway in mice","volume":"19","author":"Bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.7.1942","article-title":"Obesity and type 2 diabetes impair insulin-induced suppression of glycogenolysis as well as gluconeogenesis","volume":"54","author":"Basu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.7.2199","article-title":"Long-term AICAR administration reduces metabolic disturbances and lowers blood pressure in rats displaying features of the insulin resistance syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Buhl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib5","first-page":"924","article-title":"Vaccarin alleviates hypertension and nephropathy in renovascular hypertensive rats","volume":"15","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E334","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00265.2005","article-title":"Hexosamines regulate sensitivity of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in beta-cells","volume":"290","author":"Cooksey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7217","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610068104","article-title":"Resveratrol stimulates AMP kinase activity in neurons","volume":"104","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.01.007","article-title":"The effect of glucosamine on glucose metabolism in humans: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Dostrovsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.1.223","article-title":"Dimethylbiguanide inhibits cell respiration via an indirect effect targeted on the respiratory chain complex I","volume":"275","author":"El-Mir","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.03.004","article-title":"The problem of establishing relationships between hepatic steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance","volume":"15","author":"Farese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.08.012","article-title":"Disruption of the phosphate transporter Pit1 in hepatocytes improves glucose metabolism and insulin signaling by modulating the USP7\/IRS1 interaction","volume":"16","author":"Forand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20150125","article-title":"Metformin and salicylate synergistically activate liver AMPK, inhibit lipogenesis and improve insulin sensitivity","volume":"468","author":"Ford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.5.1331","article-title":"Short-term overexpression of a constitutively active form of AMP-activated protein kinase in the liver leads to mild hypoglycemia and fatty liver","volume":"54","author":"Foretz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2006.11.004","article-title":"A human hepatocellular in vitro model to investigate steatosis","volume":"165","author":"Gomez-Lechon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b15-00591","article-title":"Geniposide suppresses hepatic glucose production via AMPK in HepG2 cells","volume":"39","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021115-105331","article-title":"Pathophysiology and mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"78","author":"Haas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.11.2748","article-title":"Contribution of elevated free fatty acid levels to the lack of glucose effectiveness in type 2 diabetes","volume":"52","author":"Hawkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215327","article-title":"The ancient drug salicylate directly activates AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"336","author":"Hawley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33902","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802537200","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase activation increases phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and thereby reduces cAMP-responsive element transcriptional activity and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase C gene expression in the liver","volume":"283","author":"Horike","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19103110","article-title":"CEACAM1 in liver injury, metabolic and immune regulation","volume":"19","author":"Horst","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.12.2063","article-title":"Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes","volume":"49","author":"Hundal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1390472","article-title":"A case for glucosamine","volume":"139","author":"Hussain","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI37007","article-title":"GRP78 expression inhibits insulin and ER stress\u2013induced SREBP-1c activation and reduces hepatic steatosis in mice","volume":"115","author":"Kammoun","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31099","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M104115200","article-title":"Activation of the hexosamine pathway leads to deterioration of pancreatic beta-cell function through the induction of oxidative stress","volume":"276","author":"Kaneto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8456","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.12.8456","article-title":"Mechanism of insulin resistance in A-ZIP_F-1 fatless mice","volume":"275","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002577","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002577","article-title":"Quantifying the contribution of the liver to glucose homeostasis: a detailed kinetic model of human hepatic glucose metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Konig","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLos Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03967","article-title":"The CREB coactivator TORC2 is a key regulator of fasting glucose metabolism","volume":"437","author":"Koo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6S88","DOI":"10.1016\/S1262-3636(03)72792-X","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolism and type-2 diabetes: a specific target of metformin","volume":"29","author":"Leverve","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00201","article-title":"Mangiferin improves hepatic lipid metabolism mainly through Its metabolite-norathyriol by modulating SIRT-1\/AMPK\/SREBP-1c signaling","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.03.009","article-title":"AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits SREBP activity to attenuate hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis in diet-induced insulin-resistant mice","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.033","article-title":"Protein acetylation microarray reveals that NuA4 controls key metabolic target regulating gluconeogenesis","volume":"136","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.01.003","article-title":"Metformin action: concentrations matter","volume":"21","author":"Ling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20150009","article-title":"Irisin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases glycogen synthesis via the PI3K\/Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic mice and hepatocytes","volume":"129","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13270","article-title":"Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase","volume":"510","author":"Madiraju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4280","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb3 strengthens the hypoglycemic effect through AMPK for inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Meng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511005563","article-title":"Regulation of glucose metabolism via hepatic forkhead transcription factor 1 (FoxO1) by Morinda citrifolia (noni) in high-fat diet-induced obese mice","volume":"108","author":"Nerurkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30782","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030782","article-title":"Mangiferin decreases plasma free fatty acids through promoting its catabolism in liver by activation of AMPK","volume":"7","author":"Niu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.19.1.379","article-title":"Regulation of glucose production by the liver","volume":"19","author":"Nordlie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.4801","article-title":"Vaccarin attenuates high glucose-induced human EA*hy926 endothelial cell injury through inhibition of Notch signaling","volume":"13","author":"Qiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2015.02.020","article-title":"Honokiol activates the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway and attenuates the lipid accumulation in hepatocytes","volume":"284","author":"Seo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.4.1035","article-title":"Human obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with alterations in SREBP1 isoform expression that are reproduced ex vivo by tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1","volume":"51","author":"Sewter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21924","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21924","article-title":"\u03b2-aminoisobutyric acid attenuates hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and glucose\/lipid metabolic disturbance in mice with type 2 diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2005.05.004","article-title":"Combination of high-fat diet-fed and low-dose streptozotocin-treated rat: a model for type 2 diabetes and pharmacological screening","volume":"52","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2311-5","article-title":"Metformin activates AMP-activated protein kinase in primary human hepatocytes by decreasing cellular energy status","volume":"54","author":"Stephenne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.08.014","article-title":"SIRT1 improves insulin sensitivity under insulin-resistant conditions by repressing PTP1B","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.08.059","article-title":"FGF-2-mediated FGFR1 signaling in human microvascular endothelial cells is activated by vaccarin to promote angiogenesis","volume":"95","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.06.025","article-title":"Programming and regulation of metabolic homeostasis by HDAC11","volume":"33","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gau042","article-title":"Developmental programming of obesity and insulin resistance: does mitochondrial dysfunction in oocytes play a role?","volume":"21","author":"Turner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.04.127","article-title":"Guava leaf inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases glycogen synthesis via AMPK\/ACC signaling pathways in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"103","author":"Vinayagam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.108506","article-title":"Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in the liver: a new strategy for the management of metabolic hepatic disorders","volume":"574","author":"Viollet","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.08.028","article-title":"AICAR positively regulate glycogen synthase activity and LDL receptor expression through Raf-1\/MEK\/p42\/44MAPK\/p90RSK\/GSK-3 signaling cascade","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20130670","article-title":"GdCl3 reduces hyperglycaemia through Akt\/FoxO1-induced suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetic mice","volume":"127","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.3","article-title":"Nitric oxide and vascular insulin resistance","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2014.1977","article-title":"Vaccarin attenuates the human EA.hy926 endothelial cell oxidative stress injury through inhibition of Notch signaling","volume":"35","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3222","article-title":"Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric assay for the determination of vaccarin in rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.03.026","article-title":"Second-hand smoke stimulates lipid accumulation in the liver by modulating AMPK and SREBP-1","volume":"51","author":"Yuan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2217\/clp.13.67","article-title":"Lipid signals and insulin resistance","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.08.006","article-title":"Sodium caprate augments the hypoglycemic effect of berberine via AMPK in inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis","volume":"363","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/md15060163","article-title":"Xyloketal B attenuates fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation via the SREBP-1c pathway in NAFLD models","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.12.025","article-title":"Antidiabetic effect of total saponins from Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr. in type 2 diabetic rats","volume":"139","author":"Zheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3284","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13120","article-title":"Salidroside ameliorates insulin resistance through activation of a mitochondria-associated AMPK\/PI3K\/Akt\/GSK3\u03b2 pathway","volume":"172","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2016.175","article-title":"Astragaloside IV attenuates free fatty acid-induced ER stress and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes via AMPK activation","volume":"38","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00224","article-title":"Dai-Zong-Fang, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, ameliorates insulin resistance in db\/db mice","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.09.052","article-title":"Vaccarin protects human microvascular endothelial cells from apoptosis via attenuation of HDAC1 and oxidative stress","volume":"818","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26258","article-title":"Vaccarin administration ameliorates hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in renovascular hypertensive rats","volume":"119","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299919301281?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299919301281?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T13:44:45Z","timestamp":1565185485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299919301281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["S0014299919301281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vaccarin ameliorates insulin resistance and steatosis by activating the AMPK signaling pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}