{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T19:50:57Z","timestamp":1775073057640,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M622922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M622922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018030310401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018030310401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,13]],"date-time":"2019-07-13T10:28:20Z","timestamp":1563013700000},"page":"172534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cepharanthine hydrochloride degrades polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor proteins through an autophagy pathway in neuron cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"861","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guifeng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zexiu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianglin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.1.1.1495","article-title":"The dynamics of autophagy visualized in live cells: from autophagosome formation to fusion with endo\/lysosomes","volume":"1","author":"Bampton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib2","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Increased mitophagy in the skeletal muscle of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy patients","volume":"26","author":"Borgia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.10.001","article-title":"Protein quality control in the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum: brothers in arms","volume":"40","author":"Buchberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7710","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3021-12.2013","article-title":"p62\/SQSTM1 differentially removes the toxic mutant androgen receptor via autophagy and inclusion formation in a spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy mouse model","volume":"33","author":"Doi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000507","article-title":"Correlation of clinical and molecular features in spinal bulbar muscular atrophy","volume":"82","author":"Fratta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.12.001","article-title":"The effects of biscoclaurine alkaloid cepharanthine on mammalian cells: implications for cancer, shock, and inflammatory diseases","volume":"80","author":"Furusawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1159\/000471234","article-title":"Cepharanthine induces autophagy, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells","volume":"41","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib8","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Remarkable enhancement of cytotoxicity of onconase and cepharanthine when used in combination on various tumor cell lines","volume":"7","author":"Ita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Biother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109134200","article-title":"Convergence of multiple autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole targeting components to a perivacuolar membrane compartment prior to de novo vesicle formation","volume":"277","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib10","first-page":"233","article-title":"Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids","volume":"vol. 4","author":"Kulka","year":"1965"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/352077a0","article-title":"Androgen receptor gene mutations in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy","volume":"352","author":"La Spada","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5510","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05510","article-title":"Natural small-molecule enhancers of autophagy induce autophagic cell death in apoptosis-defective cells","volume":"4","author":"Law","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(04)00099-1","article-title":"Development by self-digestion: molecular mechanisms and biological functions of autophagy","volume":"6","author":"Levine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06639","article-title":"Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion","volume":"451","author":"Mizushima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp115","article-title":"Cytoplasmic retention of polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor ameliorates disease via autophagy in a mouse model of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy","volume":"18","author":"Montie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05853","article-title":"HDAC6 rescues neurodegeneration and provides an essential link between autophagy and the UPS","volume":"447","author":"Pandey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn310","article-title":"Mitochondrial abnormalities in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy","volume":"18","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2010.06.016","article-title":"Proteasomal and autophagic degradative activities in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy","volume":"40","author":"Rusmini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004","article-title":"mTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease","volume":"168","author":"Saxton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5971","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.21.5971","article-title":"The pre-autophagosomal structure organized by concerted functions of APG genes is essential for autophagosome formation","volume":"20","author":"Suzuki","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2017.10.001","article-title":"Identification of a novel autophagic inhibitor cepharanthine to enhance the anti-cancer property of dacomitinib in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"412","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.1.2.1697","article-title":"Lysosomal turnover, but not a cellular level, of endogenous LC3 is a marker for autophagy","volume":"1","author":"Tanida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111144","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22676","article-title":"Cepharanthine hydrochloride reverses the mdr1 (P-glycoprotein)-mediated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell cisplatin resistance through JNK and p53 signals","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2018.02.006","article-title":"The small heat shock proteins, especially HspB4 and HspB5 are promising protectants in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"115","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299919304868?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299919304868?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T22:31:43Z","timestamp":1757975503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299919304868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0014299919304868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cepharanthine hydrochloride degrades polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor proteins through an autophagy pathway in neuron cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172534","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"172534"}}