{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T11:35:48Z","timestamp":1761824148148,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T19:41:35Z","timestamp":1566589295000},"page":"172629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Vasoactive intestinal peptide infusion reverses existing myocardial fibrosis in the rat"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"862","author":[{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Duggan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juchuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tegan","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/02813430500197647","article-title":"Cost of heart failure in Swedish primary healthcare","volume":"23","author":"Agvall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand. J. Prim. Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.3.867","article-title":"Incidence of heart failure in 2,737 older persons with and without diabetes","volume":"115","author":"Aronow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.06.038","article-title":"Quantifying the heart failure epidemic: prevalence, incidence rate, lifetime risk and prognosis of heart failure: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"25","author":"Bleumink","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-016-0256-y","article-title":"A simple, accurate and universal method for quantification of PCR","volume":"16","author":"Boulter","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2000.1215","article-title":"CTGF expression is induced by TGF- \u03b2 in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiac myocytes: a potential role in heart fibrosis","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2","article-title":"Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction","volume":"162","author":"Chomczynski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R15","DOI":"10.1530\/ERP-16-0043","article-title":"The heart failure epidemic: a UK perspective","volume":"4","author":"Cowie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Echo Res. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.4.2358","article-title":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenyl cyclase-activating peptide inhibit endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha production by macrophages: in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"162","author":"Delgado","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0890267","article-title":"Effects of endopeptidase 24.11 inhibition on plasma and tissue concentrations of vasoactive intestinal peptide","volume":"89","author":"Duggan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.10693","article-title":"Obesity epidemic worsening","volume":"318","author":"Friedrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2010.04.055","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of heart failure: a community-based study","volume":"15","author":"Gomez-Soto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib12","first-page":"993","article-title":"For the PARADIGM-HF investigators and committees angiotensin\u2013neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure","volume":"37","author":"John","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.7.806","article-title":"Increased activity of nuclear factor-kappa B participates in cardiovascular remodelling induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in rats","volume":"102","author":"Kitamoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.02.012","article-title":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide attenuates concanavalin A-mediated liver injury","volume":"607","author":"Luo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib15","article-title":"On behalf of the American heart association statistics committee and stroke statistics subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142016 update: a report from the American heart association","volume":"133","author":"Mozzafarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000047090.08299.D5","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced AT1 receptor upregulation enhances angiotensin II-mediated cardiac fibroblast responses that favour fibrosis","volume":"91","author":"Peng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.407","article-title":"Role of angiotensin II in the expression and regulation of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 in obstructive nephropathy","volume":"48","author":"Pimentel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.4.2271","article-title":"NF-\u03baB as a central mediator in the induction of TGF-\u03b2 in monocytes from patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis: an inflammatory response beyond the realm of homeostasis","volume":"165","author":"Rameshwar","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(99)00035-2","article-title":"J.C. Hancock c-AMP and in vitro inotropic actions of secretin and VIP in rat papillary muscle","volume":"20","author":"Rice","year":"1999","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2006.05.012","article-title":"Heart failure in older adults","volume":"90","author":"Rich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0208-4","article-title":"Prevalence of heart failure in Australia: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Sahle","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1126\/science.169.3951.1217","article-title":"Polypeptide with broad biological activity: isolation from small intestine","volume":"169","author":"Said","year":"1970","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2016:25:2","article-title":"Global public health burden of heart failure","volume":"3","author":"Savarese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Card. Fail. Rev."},{"volume":"vol. 38","year":"2004","author":"Sawmiller","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib24"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00245-9","article-title":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibits TGF-beta 1 production in murine macrophages","volume":"107","author":"Sun","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib26","first-page":"13","article-title":"The GBD 2015 obesity collaborators health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years","volume":"377","year":"2017","journal-title":"NEJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib27","first-page":"11","article-title":"Human and canine ventricular vasoactive intestinal polypeptide: decrease with heart failure","volume":"108","author":"Unverferth","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"author":"WHOa","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib28"},{"author":"WHOb","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib29"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib30","article-title":"Connective tissue growth factor expression after angiotensin II exposure is dependent on transforming growth factor-\u03b2 signaling via the canonical Smad-dependent pathway in hypertensive induced myocardial fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Syst. JRAAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0990201","article-title":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide downregulates the intra-hepatic renin-angiotensin system in the rat","volume":"99","author":"Ye","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1113\/eph8702335","article-title":"Duggan KA Early myocardial fibrosis is associated with depletion of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the heart","volume":"87","author":"Ye","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0001-6772.2003.01200.x","article-title":"Myocardial VIP and myocardial fibrosis induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibition in the rat","volume":"179","author":"Ye","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib34","first-page":"235","article-title":"Duggan KA Vasopeptidase inhibition reverses myocardial VIP depletion and decreases myocardial fibrosis in salt sensitive hypertension Europ","volume":"485","author":"Ye","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1081\/IMM-55809","article-title":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide ameliorates synovial cell functions of collagen-induced arthritis rats by down-regulating NF-kappaB activity","volume":"34","author":"Yin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00634-2","article-title":"Vinion JM Incidence, clinical and etiological features and outcomes of advanced chronic heart failure: the EPICAL study. Epidemiologie de l'Insuffisance Cardiaque Avancee en Lorraine","volume":"33","author":"Zannad","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299919305813?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299919305813?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T22:29:43Z","timestamp":1757975383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299919305813"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0014299919305813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0014-2999"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide infusion reverses existing myocardial fibrosis in the rat","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172629","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Vectus Biosystems. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"172629"}}