{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:49:03Z","timestamp":1790660943030,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004396","name":"Thailand Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRG6280005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRG6280005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004192","name":"National Science and Technology Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002842","name":"Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]],"date-time":"2020-08-02T01:38:39Z","timestamp":1596332319000},"page":"173418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Acute administration of metformin prior to cardiac ischemia\/reperfusion injury protects brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"885","author":[{"given":"Tom","family":"Leech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattayaporn","family":"Apaijai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siripong","family":"Palee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis A.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chayodom","family":"Maneechote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nipon","family":"Chattipakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siriporn C.","family":"Chattipakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010838","article-title":"Pretreatment with PCSK9 inhibitor protects the brain against cardiac ischemia\/reperfusion injury through a reduction of neuronal inflammation and amyloid beta bggregation","volume":"8","author":"Apaijai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102374","article-title":"Combined vildagliptin and metformin exert better cardioprotection than monotherapy against ischemia-reperfusion injury in obese-insulin resistant rats","volume":"9","author":"Apaijai","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-014-9632-2","article-title":"Pre-treatment with metformin activates Nrf2 antioxidant pathways and inhibits inflammatory responses through induction of AMPK after transient global cerebral ischemia","volume":"30","author":"Ashabi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-013-9475-2","article-title":"Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by metformin protects against global cerebral ischemia in male rats: interference of AMPK\/PGC-1alpha pathway","volume":"29","author":"Ashabi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-016-0082-7","article-title":"Metformin promotes tau aggregation and exacerbates abnormal behavior in a mouse model of tauopathy","volume":"11","author":"Barini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib6","first-page":"461","article-title":"The role of microglia and myeloid immune cells in acute cerebral ischemia","volume":"8","author":"Benakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib7","article-title":"Metformin preferentially provides neuroprotection following cardiac ischemia\/reperfusion in non-diabetic rats","volume":"165893","author":"Benjanuwattra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Basis Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1055-2","article-title":"Decreased microglial activation through gut-brain axis by prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics effectively restored cognitive function in obese-insulin resistant rats","volume":"15","author":"Chunchai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib9","first-page":"367516","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors promote brain hypoperfusion leading to cognitive decline and dementia","author":"de la Torre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3622","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709180105","article-title":"Akt and CHIP coregulate tau degradation through coordinated interactions","volume":"105","author":"Dickey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132815Y.0000000090","article-title":"An improved simple rat model for global cerebral ischaemia by induced cardiac arrest","volume":"38","author":"Frick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16668889","article-title":"Modifications of tau protein after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats are similar to those occurring in Alzheimer's disease - hyperphosphorylation and cleavage of 4- and 3-repeat tau","volume":"37","author":"Fujii","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.12.021","article-title":"Metformin protects the brain against ischemia\/reperfusion injury through PI3K\/Akt1\/JNK3 signaling pathways in rats","volume":"170","author":"Ge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2016.1150306","article-title":"Metformin pretreatment enhanced learning and memory in cerebral forebrain ischaemia: the role of the AMPK\/BDNF\/P70SK signalling pathway","volume":"54","author":"Ghadernezhad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248411409581","article-title":"Cell death pathways in acute ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"16","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.190918","article-title":"Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by metformin improves left ventricular function and survival in heart failure","volume":"104","author":"Gundewar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.06.052","article-title":"The importance of regulation of blood glucose levels through activation of peripheral 5\u2032-AMP-activated protein kinase on ischemic neuronal damage","volume":"1351","author":"Harada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.02.032","article-title":"Evolving therapies for myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"65","author":"Ibanez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.2174\/156720510793611592","article-title":"Tau in Alzheimer's disease and related tuopathies","volume":"7","author":"Iqbal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867323666160229113911","article-title":"Amyloid beta (A\u03b2) peptide and factors that play important roles in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"23","author":"Jamasbi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.03.003","article-title":"Improvement of functional recovery by chronic metformin treatment is associated with enhanced alternative activation of microglia\/macrophages and increased angiogenesis and neurogenesis following experimental stroke","volume":"40","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20180382","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow alteration following acute myocardial infarction in mice","volume":"38","author":"Kaplan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2938-1","article-title":"Pathogenic mechanisms following ischemic stroke","volume":"38","author":"Khoshnam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21830","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912793107","volume":"107","author":"Kickstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085749","article-title":"Humanin prevents brain mitochondrial dysfunction in a cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury model","volume":"101","author":"Kumfu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib26","first-page":"283","article-title":"Cerebral vascular dysregulation in the ischemic brain","volume":"92","author":"Kunz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.589697","article-title":"Effects of metformin in experimental stroke","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046498","article-title":"Reperfusion promotes mitochondrial dysfunction following focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib29","first-page":"213","article-title":"Ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain: mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies","volume":"5","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.4870","article-title":"Electroacupuncture improves cognitive function through Rho GTPases and enhances dendritic spine plasticity in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-014-0177-4","article-title":"Metformin attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption in mice following middle cerebral artery occlusion","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.07.006","article-title":"Metformin promotes focal angiogenesis and neurogenesis in mice following middle cerebral artery occlusion","volume":"579","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.1126","article-title":"Mitochondria in ischemic stroke: new insight and implications","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.12.002","article-title":"Microglial ramification, surveillance, and interleukin-1\u03b2 release are regulated by the two-pore domain K+ channel THIK-1","volume":"97","author":"Madry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13277","article-title":"Early glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 and protein phosphatase 2A independent tau dephosphorylation during global brain ischaemia and reperfusion following cardiac arrest and the role of the adenosine monophosphate kinase pathway","volume":"44","author":"Majd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib36","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of tau hyperphosphorylation at ser 262 on memory and learning after global brain ischaemia in a rat model of reversible cardiac arrest","volume":"2","author":"Majd","year":"2016","journal-title":"IBRO Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20190014","article-title":"Balancing mitochondrial dynamics via increasing mitochondrial fusion attenuates infarct size and left ventricular dysfunction in rats with cardiac ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"133","author":"Maneechote","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00467","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory targets for the treatment of reperfusion injury in stroke","volume":"8","author":"Mizuma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.118.254300","article-title":"Mitochondrial complex I inhibition by metformin limits reperfusion injury","volume":"369","author":"Mohsin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib40","first-page":"54","article-title":"Metformin in the diabetic brain: friend or foe?","volume":"2","author":"Moreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7310","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14586","article-title":"PCSK9 inhibitor improves cardiac function and reduces infarct size in rats with ischaemia\/reperfusion injury: Benefits beyond lipid-lowering effects","volume":"23","author":"Palee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0754-9","article-title":"Metformin reduces morphine tolerance by inhibiting microglial-mediated neuroinflammation","volume":"13","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2018.1434791","article-title":"AMPK\/Nrf2 signaling is involved in the anti-neuroinflammatory action of Petatewalide B from Petasites japonicus against lipopolysaccharides in microglia","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2741","article-title":"Dendritic spine pathology in neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"14","author":"Penzes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2012.08.017","article-title":"Effects of metformin on learning and memory behaviors and brain mitochodnrial functions in high fat diet induced insulin resistant rats","volume":"91","author":"Pintana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2018.03.004","article-title":"Ischemic tau protein gene induction as an additional key factor driving development of Alzheimer's phenotype changes in CA1 area of hippocampus in an ischemic model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"70","author":"Pluta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000838","article-title":"Estrogen and DPP-4 inhibitor share similar efficacy in reducing brain pathology caused by cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in both lean and obese estrogen-deprived rats","volume":"24","author":"Pratchayasakul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"10065","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30677-8","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction","volume":"389","author":"Reed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2019.01.007","article-title":"Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the adult and developing brain","volume":"77","author":"Saito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07331.x","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase: a potential player in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"118","author":"Salminen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib50","first-page":"387","article-title":"Dendritic organization in the neurons of the visual and motor cortices of the cat","volume":"87","author":"Sholl","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.01.004","article-title":"Mitochondrial calcium uniporter blocker effectively prevents brain mitochondrial dysfunction caused by iron overload","volume":"92","author":"Sripetchwandee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2337\/dci15-0013","article-title":"Mechanism of metformin: a tale of two sites","volume":"39","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib52","first-page":"2449","article-title":"Amyloid beta-peptide worsens cognitive impairment following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2016.05.002","article-title":"Single administration of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor suppresses neuroinflammation and improves neuronal damage after cardiac arrest in mice","volume":"111","author":"Taguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-17-0457","article-title":"Cardioprotection of dapagliflozin and vildagliptin in rats with cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"236","author":"Tanajak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12556","article-title":"Chronic metformin treatment improves post-stroke angiogenesis and recovery after experimental stroke","volume":"39","author":"Venna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1740925X12000166","article-title":"Physiological function of microglia","volume":"7","author":"Wake","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron Glia Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.008389","article-title":"Metformin improves neurologic outcome via AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated autophagy activation in a rat model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2009.06.009","article-title":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide enhances CREB phosphorylation and attenuates tau protein phosphorylation in rat brain during focal cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.07.086","article-title":"Cyclic-AMP response element binding protein and tau are involved in the neuroprotective mechanisms of nerve growth factor during focal cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion in rats","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299920305100?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299920305100?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T04:57:21Z","timestamp":1778648241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299920305100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0014299920305100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Acute administration of metformin prior to cardiac ischemia\/reperfusion injury protects brain injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173418","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"173418"}}