{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T04:20:03Z","timestamp":1793852403941,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T17:19:30Z","timestamp":1610299170000},"page":"173854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dexamethasone: Therapeutic potential, risks, and future projection during COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"894","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4407-6002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sobia","family":"Noreen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5446-5917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irsah","family":"Maqbool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0388-9867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asadullah","family":"Madni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-020-00583-7","article-title":"Dexamethasone in the era of COVID-19: friend or foe? An essay on the effects of dexamethasone and the potential risks of its inadvertent use in patients with diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Alessi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndrome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib1","article-title":"Dexamethasone reduces death risk in severe COVID-19 cases: Trial","author":"Aljazeera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aljazeera"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib2","author":"Armitage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib3","first-page":"e43","article-title":"Corticosteroids administration following COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Is it harmful or life-saving?","volume":"4","author":"Azimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib4","article-title":"Systemic steroids in patients with COVID-19: pros and contras, an endocrinological point of view","volume":"1","author":"Berton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib5","author":"Bethesda"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0392TR","article-title":"Role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury","volume":"46","author":"Bhatia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Resp. Cell Mol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib72","article-title":"Patient-reported side effects of oral corticosteroids","author":"Broadbent","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2018.05.002","article-title":"Essential medicines for emergency care in Africa","volume":"8","author":"Broccoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Afr. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib8","series-title":"Pathogenic Human Coronavirus Infections: Causes and Consequences of Cytokine Storm and Immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol","first-page":"529","author":"Channappanavar","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30235-8","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2: virus dynamics and host response","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib10","article-title":"The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist Tocilizumab may be the key to reduce mortality","author":"Chi Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.2003.012658","article-title":"Role of lopinavir\/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings","volume":"59","author":"Chu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.05.003","article-title":"The cytokine storm in COVID-19: an overview of the involvement of the chemokine\/chemokine-receptor system","volume":"53","author":"Coperchini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib13","article-title":"GLUCOCOVID: a controlled trial of methylprednisolone in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia","author":"Corral","year":"2020","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.04.005","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids, recent developments and mechanistic insights","volume":"335","author":"Coutinho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22504","article-title":"Risk of serious bacterial infections among rheumatoid arthritis patients exposed to tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 antagonists","volume":"56","author":"Curtis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib77","article-title":"Steroid injections","author":"David","year":"2020","journal-title":"WebMD Med. Ref."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib16","article-title":"Steroid side effects: how to reduce corticosteroid side effects","author":"Fields","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hosp. Spec. Surg. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib17","article-title":"Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with covid-19\u2014preliminary report","author":"Group","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI142151","article-title":"Prioritizing clinical research studies during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from New York City","volume":"130","author":"Gulick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2020.1804365","article-title":"Mortality in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and corticosteroids use: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Hasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expet Rev. Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib20","series-title":"LiverTox: clinical and research information on drug-induced liver injury","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib75","article-title":"Everything you need to know about steroid injections","author":"Hersh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Healthline"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib21","article-title":"Effect of dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: preliminary report","author":"Horby","year":"2020","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib23","article-title":"COVID-19 infection and glucocorticoids: update from the Italian Society of Endocrinology Expert Opinion on steroid replacement in adrenal insufficiency","volume":"1","author":"Isidori","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib24","article-title":"COVID-19 infection and glucocorticoids: update from the Italian Society of Endocrinology Expert Opinion on steroid replacement in adrenal insufficiency","author":"Isidori","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.11.004","article-title":"Local release of dexamethasone from macroporous scaffolds accelerates islet transplant engraftment by promotion of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages","volume":"114","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2116","article-title":"Emergence of novel coronavirus and progress toward treatment and vaccine","volume":"30","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib27","first-page":"253","article-title":"COVID-19: a rethink of corticosteroid injection?","volume":"1","author":"Little","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Joint Lett. J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib28","series-title":"The Crystal Structure of COVID-19 Main Protease in Complex with an Inhibitor N3","author":"Liu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000146943.45445.55","article-title":"Hyperglycemia in patients administered dexamethasone for craniotomy","volume":"100","author":"Lukins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib30","series-title":"Covid-19: Demand for Dexamethasone Surges as RECOVERY Trial Publishes Preprint","author":"Mahase","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib31","series-title":"Covid-19: Low Dose Steroid Cuts Death in Ventilated Patients by One Third, Trial Finds","author":"Mahase","year":"2020"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.01.003","article-title":"The cumulative burden of oral corticosteroid side effects and the economic implications of steroid use","volume":"103","author":"Manson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib32","article-title":"Routine antiemetic prophylaxis with dexamethasone during COVID-19: should oncologists reconsider?","volume":"1078155220931921","author":"Marinella","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib33","series-title":"COVID-19: CORTICOSTEROIDS for HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS(as of 8 June 2020)","author":"Matthew","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib73","article-title":"Pros and cons of corticosteroid therapy for COVID-19 patients","volume":"280","author":"Mattos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib76","series-title":"Cortisone Shots","author":"Mayoclinic","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib34","series-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 treatment: a review of early and emerging options","author":"Mccreary","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60607-7","article-title":"Dexamethasone and length of hospital stay in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"377","author":"Meijvis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib36","author":"Narrandes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib37","author":"News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib38","first-page":"23","article-title":"COVID-19 story tip: steroid drug hailed as effective COVID-19 treatment but questions linger about its use for black patients","author":"News","year":"2020","journal-title":"Johns Hopkins Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib39","series-title":"WHO Hails Use of Dexamethasone in Treating Covid-19 Patients","author":"News","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib40","author":"Oxford"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101844","article-title":"Dexamethasone: a boon for critically ill COVID-19 patients?","volume":"37","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trav. Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12090","article-title":"Glucocorticoid\u2010induced hyperglycemia","volume":"6","author":"Perez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib43","first-page":"38","article-title":"Treatment of Covid-19 Infection. A rationale for current and future pharmacological approach","volume":"9","author":"Popov","year":"2020","journal-title":"EC Pulmonol. Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib44","article-title":"Dexamethasone could reduce COVID-19 patient death risk by one-third, study shows","author":"Rees","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Pharm. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050541","article-title":"Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids\u2014new mechanisms for old drugs","volume":"353","author":"Rhen","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2020.1023","article-title":"COVID-19 and treatment with NSAIDs and corticosteroids: should we be limiting their use in the clinical setting?","volume":"14","author":"Russell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib47","first-page":"1","article-title":"2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: a review of the current literature","volume":"4","author":"Sahin","year":"2020","journal-title":"EJMO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib48","first-page":"1824","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review","volume":"323","author":"Sanders","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30361-5","article-title":"On the use of corticosteroids for 2019-nCoV pneumonia","volume":"395","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.06.054","article-title":"Role of corticosteroid in the management of COVID-19: a systemic review and a Clinician's perspective","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05190-5","article-title":"Cytokine storm in COVID-19: pathogenesis and overview of anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment","volume":"39","author":"Soy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib52","series-title":"Prednisone and Other corticosteroids:Weigh the Benefits and Risks of Corticosteroids, Such as Prednisone, when Choosing a Medication","author":"Staff","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i8.1073","article-title":"Steroid hyperglycemia: prevalence, early detection and therapeutic recommendations: a narrative review","volume":"6","author":"Tamez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30417-5","article-title":"Dexamethasone treatment for the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Villar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet. Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30417-5","article-title":"Dexamethasone treatment for the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Villar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa150","article-title":"Characteristics of peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"221","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.4.279","article-title":"Adverse effects of oral corticosteroids in relation to dose in patients with lung disease","volume":"56","author":"Walsh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.0c00179","article-title":"Fast identification of possible drug treatment of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) through computational drug repurposing study","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib58","series-title":"Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Dexamethasone","author":"Who","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02415.x","article-title":"Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0994","article-title":"Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in wuhan, China","volume":"180","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X","article-title":"Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45472","article-title":"Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses","volume":"16","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib63","author":"Yong"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib64","author":"Yong"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2015.08.004","article-title":"Infection risk and safety of corticosteroid use","volume":"42","author":"Youssef","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.017665","article-title":"Antiviral agents and corticosteroids in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)","volume":"59","author":"Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50577","article-title":"Corticosteroid treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019)","volume":"212","author":"Zha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108393","article-title":"The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the experience of clinical immunologists from China","volume":"214","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854_bib69","first-page":"1","article-title":"Potential benefits of precise corticosteroids therapy for severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Tar."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299921000078?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299921000078?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T22:44:57Z","timestamp":1757976297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299921000078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["S0014299921000078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dexamethasone: Therapeutic potential, risks, and future projection during COVID-19 pandemic","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173854","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"173854"}}