{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:39:31Z","timestamp":1793331571327,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":187,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T21:46:49Z","timestamp":1611611209000},"page":"173895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gender-specific approach in psychiatric diseases: Because sex matters"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"896","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Franceschini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana","family":"Fattore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2010.515205","article-title":"Sex differences in schizophrenia","volume":"22","author":"Abel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.12.014","article-title":"Sex differences in response to activity-based anorexia model in C57Bl\/6 mice","volume":"170","author":"Achamrah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2005.02.017","article-title":"Compulsive-like behaviour according to the sex and the reproductive stage of female rats","volume":"161","author":"Agrati","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.08.070","article-title":"Current animal models of obsessive compulsive disorder: an update","volume":"211","author":"Albelda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112506","article-title":"A systematic review of sex-based differences in effectiveness and adverse effects of clozapine","volume":"280","author":"Alberich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.10.044","article-title":"Hypothalamic expression of inflammatory mediators in an animal model of binge eating","volume":"320","author":"Alboni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.05.004","article-title":"Sex differences in anxiety and depression clinical perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Altemus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib8","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5 \u00ae)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"issue":"82","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/50978-v","article-title":"Marble burying and nestlet shredding as tests of repetitive, compulsive-like behaviors in mice","volume":"24","author":"Angoa-P\u00e9rez","year":"2013","journal-title":"JoVE"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22782","article-title":"Military-related trauma is associated with eating disorder symptoms in male veterans","volume":"50","author":"Arditte Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-015-0782-5","article-title":"Subclinical autism spectrum symptoms in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"25","author":"Arildskov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib12","first-page":"595","article-title":"Gender differences in bipolar disorder","volume":"26","author":"Arnold","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1215","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00446.2012","article-title":"Sex differences in the physiology of eating","volume":"305","author":"Asarian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1348\/000712608X311731","article-title":"Fetal testosterone and autistic traits","volume":"100","author":"Auyeung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.12.006","article-title":"Premorbid IQ subgroups in first episode non-affective psychosis patients: long-term sex differences in function and neurocognition","volume":"197","author":"Ayesa-Arriola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.03.029","article-title":"Effect of 2-hydroxyestradiol on binge intake in rats","volume":"103","author":"Babbs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0849","article-title":"Gender medicine: a task for the third millennium","volume":"51","author":"Baggi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.11.008","article-title":"Reduced exploration, increased anxiety, and altered social behavior: autistic-like features of euchromatin histone methyltransferase 1 heterozygous knockout mice","volume":"208","author":"Balemans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.09.025","article-title":"Sex differences in stress regulation of arousal and cognition","volume":"187","author":"Bangasser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)01904-6","article-title":"The extreme male brain theory of autism","volume":"6","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Cognit. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.48","article-title":"Elevated fetal steroidogenic activity in autism","volume":"20","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0454-9","article-title":"Foetal oestrogens and autism","volume":"25","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12150","article-title":"Gender differences in thyroid system function: relevance to bipolar disorder and its treatment","volume":"16","author":"Bauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20844","article-title":"Demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals utilizing an internet-based digital coaching program for recovering from binge eating","volume":"44","author":"Bedrosian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1715","article-title":"Gender differences in autism spectrum disorders: divergence among specific core symptoms","volume":"10","author":"Beggiato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib27","first-page":"73","article-title":"Sex differences in operant discrimination behaviour in an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behav","volume":"94","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.04.029","article-title":"Different gender response to serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants. A comparative study of the efficacy of citalopram and reboxetine","volume":"95","author":"Berlanga","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.129","article-title":"Late prenatal immune activation in mice leads to behavioral and neurochemical abnormalities relevant to the negative symptoms of schizophrenia","volume":"35","author":"Bitanihirwe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.113.5.1080","article-title":"Sex differences in the relationship between activity and weight loss in the rat","volume":"113","author":"Boakes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.11.005","article-title":"Effects of sex hormones on associative learning in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"93","author":"Bucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib33","first-page":"9","article-title":"Epidemiology of depression throughout the female life cycle","volume":"63","author":"Burt","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4362","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27218","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to valproate induces sex-, age-, and tissue-dependent alterations of cholesterol metabolism: potential implications on autism","volume":"234","author":"Cartocci","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib36","first-page":"1609","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences reported by adults --- five states","volume":"59","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2015.12.007","article-title":"Food cravings, binge eating, and eating disorder psychopathology: exploring the moderating roles of gender and race","volume":"21","author":"Chao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-018-0226-y","article-title":"Eating disorders in biological males: clinical presentation and consideration of sex differences in a pediatric sample","volume":"6","author":"Coelho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.02.030","article-title":"Rates of help-seeking in US adults with lifetime DSM-5 eating disorders: prevalence across diagnoses and differences by sex and ethnicity\/race","volume":"94","author":"Coffino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713003073","article-title":"The effects of circulating testosterone and pubertal maturation on risk for disordered eating symptoms in adolescent males","volume":"44","author":"Culbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301533","article-title":"Females do not express learned helplessness like males do","volume":"33","author":"Dalla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-014-0145-2","article-title":"Sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of antidepressants: influence of female sex hormones and oral contraceptives","volume":"53","author":"Damoiseaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.03.003","article-title":"Sex differences in attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: candidate genetic and endocrine mechanisms","volume":"35","author":"Davies","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22493","article-title":"Sex differences in subjective and objective responses to a stimulant medication (methylphenidate): comparisons between overweight\/obese adults with and without binge-eating disorder","volume":"49","author":"Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2011.607753","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental biology associated with childhood sexual abuse","volume":"20","author":"De Bellis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Child Sex. Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.20","article-title":"Digging and marble burying in mice: simple methods for in vivo identification of biological impacts","volume":"1","author":"Deacon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.10.033","article-title":"A novel social proximity test suggests patterns of social avoidance and gaze aversion-like behavior in BTBR T+ tf\/J mice","volume":"217","author":"Defensor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-018-0899-x","article-title":"Plasma prolactin levels are associated with the severity of illness in drug-naive first-episode psychosis female patients","volume":"22","author":"Delgado-Alvarado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2010.514601","article-title":"Is sex important? Gender differences in bipolar disorder","volume":"22","author":"Di Florio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.279","article-title":"Perinatal episodes across the mood disorder spectrum","volume":"70","author":"Di Florio","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(91)90419-O","article-title":"Activity-based anorexia: relationship to gender and activity-stress ulcers","volume":"50","author":"Doerries","year":"1991","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2017.11.008","article-title":"Poly(I:C) model of schizophrenia in rats induces sex-dependent functional brain changes detected by MRI that are not reversed by aripiprazole treatment","volume":"137","author":"Drazanova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706008956","article-title":"Ovarian hormones and binge eating in bulimia nervosa","volume":"37","author":"Edler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1159\/000381785","article-title":"Introducing female black Swiss mice: minimal effects of sex in a strain-specific battery of tests for mania-like behavior and response to lithium","volume":"95","author":"Ene","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12329","article-title":"Sex differences in the risk of rapid cycling and other indicators of adverse illness course in patients with bipolar I and II disorder","volume":"17","author":"Erol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2006.03.001","article-title":"Behavior ontogeny in the elevated plus-maze: prenatal stress effects","volume":"24","author":"Estanislau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.20","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"1","author":"Faraone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12381","article-title":"Sex differences in impulsive and compulsive behaviors: a focus on drug addiction","volume":"21","author":"Fattore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2008.10.002","article-title":"Ovarian hormones modulate 'compulsive' lever-pressing in female rats","volume":"55","author":"Flaisher-Grinberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025054610557","article-title":"Epidemiological surveys of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders: an update","volume":"33","author":"Fombonne","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-3967-1","article-title":"Developmental emergence of an obsessive-compulsive phenotype and binge behavior in rats","volume":"232","author":"Freund","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5113","article-title":"Psychological, pharmacological, and combined treatments for binge eating disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Ghaderi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Peer J"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23872","article-title":"Sex, hormones, and genotype interact to influence psychiatric disease, treatment, and behavioral research","volume":"95","author":"Gobinath","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.2.154","article-title":"Impact of normal sexual dimorphisms on sex differences in structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia assessed by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"59","author":"Goldstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.06.027","article-title":"Hypothalamic abnormalities in schizophrenia: sex effects and genetic vulnerability","volume":"61","author":"Goldstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.12.035","article-title":"Influence of the brain sexual differentiation process on despair and antidepressant like effect of fluoxetine in the rat forced swim test","volume":"261","author":"Gomez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.15-0054","article-title":"Sex-related effects of sleep deprivation on depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice","volume":"65","author":"Gonzalez-Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.05.007","article-title":"Animal models of bipolar disorder and mood stabilizer efficacy: a critical need for improvement","volume":"31","author":"Gould","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.08.002","article-title":"Sex differences in memory processing in schizophrenia: an event-related potential (ERP) study","volume":"33","author":"Guillem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.10.009","article-title":"A sexually dimorphic ratio of orbitofrontal to amygdala volume is altered in schizophrenia","volume":"55","author":"Gur","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00125-7","article-title":"Gender differences in schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"H\u00e4fner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.12.008","article-title":"Female rats are more susceptible to the deleterious effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","volume":"228","author":"Hajali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib75","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hormonal aspects of schizophrenias: an overview","volume":"28","author":"Halbreich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014736","article-title":"Early maternal separation increases symptoms of activity-based anorexia in male and female rats","volume":"35","author":"Hancock","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.04.047","article-title":"Modeling mania: further validation for Black Swiss mice as model animals","volume":"223","author":"Hannah-Poquette","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-5-19","article-title":"Gender differences in emotionality and sociability in children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"5","author":"Head","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Autism."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-016-0007-6","article-title":"Sex and Gender Equity in Research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use","volume":"1","author":"Heidari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. Integr, Peer Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.04.011","article-title":"Conceptualizing the role of estrogens and serotonin in the development and maintenance of bulimia nervosa","volume":"30","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.2200","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder: advances in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"317","author":"Hirschtritt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib82","first-page":"1","article-title":"Black Swiss mice as a new animal model for mania: a preliminary study","volume":"1","author":"Hiscock","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2020.115214","article-title":"Metabolic profile of methylazoxymethanol model of schizophrenia in rats and effects of three antipsychotics in long-acting formulation","volume":"406","author":"Horska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316669087","article-title":"Behavioural and cognitive sex\/gender differences in autism spectrum condition and typically developing males and females","volume":"21","author":"Hull","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.02.010","article-title":"Sex differences in prolactin levels in emerging psychosis: indication for enhanced stress reactivity in women","volume":"189","author":"Ittig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703001399","article-title":"Prevalence, co-morbidity and correlates of mental disorders in the general population: results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (GHS)","volume":"34","author":"Jacobi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.11.080","article-title":"Patients with OCD report lower quality of life after controlling for expert-rated symptoms of depression and anxiety","volume":"260","author":"Jahangard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib88","first-page":"183","article-title":"Response disinhibition may be explained as an extinction deficit in an animal model of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Behav","volume":"149","author":"Johansen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e32834f9e4e","article-title":"Behavioral differences in black Swiss mice from separate colonies: implications for modeling domains of mania","volume":"23","author":"Juetten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0111-z","article-title":"Sex differences in the developing brain: insights from multimodal neuroimaging","volume":"44","author":"Kaczkurkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.058","article-title":"Gender differences in the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder: a study of 7354 patients","volume":"174","author":"Karanti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000453664","article-title":"Effect of gonadal hormones on neurotransmitters implicated in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a critical review","volume":"105","author":"Karpinski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.01.002","article-title":"Does a shared neurobiology for foods and drugs of abuse contribute to extremes of food ingestion in anorexia and bulimia nervosa?","volume":"73","author":"Kaye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.11.005","article-title":"Does sex matter in the clinical presentation of eating disorders in youth?","volume":"58","author":"Kinasz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711001541","article-title":"The effects of puberty on genetic risk for disordered eating: evidence for a sex difference","volume":"42","author":"Klump","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22139","article-title":"Sex differences in binge eating patterns in male and female adult rats","volume":"46","author":"Klump","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045309","article-title":"Sex differences in binge eating: gonadal hormone effects across development","volume":"13","author":"Klump","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00349.x","article-title":"Foetal testosterone, social relationships, and restricted interests in children","volume":"46","author":"Knickmeyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"JCPP (J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.9.1224","article-title":"Sex differences in sleep: the response to sleep deprivation and restraint stress in mice","volume":"29","author":"Koehl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12710","article-title":"Sex differences in animal models of psychiatric disorders","volume":"171","author":"Kokras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.03.016","article-title":"Forced swim test: what about females?","volume":"99","author":"Kokras","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00158-5","article-title":"Gender differences in chronic major and double depression","volume":"60","author":"Kornstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib104","series-title":"Appetite: Regulation, Use of Stimulants and Cultural and Biological Influences, Chapter 4: Behavioral Rodent Models of Eating Disorders","first-page":"71","article-title":"Behavioral Rodent Models of Eating Disorders","author":"Kucerova","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-016-0078-8","article-title":"No relationship between early postnatal testosterone concentrations and autistic traits in 18 to 30-month-old children","volume":"7","author":"Kung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Autism."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.10.003","article-title":"Sex\/gender differences and autism: setting the scene for future research","volume":"54","author":"Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(93)90363-K","article-title":"Sex differences and gonadal hormones influence susceptibility to the activity-stress paradigm","volume":"53","author":"Lambert","year":"1993","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.06.029","article-title":"A systematic review comparing sex differences in cognitive function in schizophrenia and in rodent models for schizophrenia, implications for improved therapeutic strategies","volume":"68","author":"Leger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.08.031","article-title":"Sex-dependent behavioral effects of Mthfr deficiency and neonatal GABA potentiation in mice","volume":"216","author":"Levav-Rabkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30358-3","article-title":"Why are women so vulnerable to anxiety, trauma-related and stress-related disorders? The potential role of sex hormones","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.02.005","article-title":"The usefulness of the spontaneously hypertensive rat to model attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be explained by the differential expression of dopamine-related genes in the brain","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.05.024","article-title":"Biological factors underlying sex differences in neurological disorders","volume":"65","author":"Loke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22847","article-title":"Comparing men and women with binge-eating disorder and co-morbid obesity","volume":"51","author":"Lydecker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23167","article-title":"Examining sex as a predictor and moderator of treatment outcomes for binge-eating disorder: analysis of aggregated randomized controlled trials","volume":"53","author":"Lydecker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10418","article-title":"Sex differences in autism spectrum disorders: does sex moderate the pathway from clinical symptoms to adaptive behavior?","volume":"5","author":"Mandic-Maravic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000356","article-title":"Epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders in men and women of middle and older age","volume":"30","author":"Mangweth-Matzek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib117","first-page":"5","article-title":"Current pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"18","author":"Marazziti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Psychopathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-011-0054-2","article-title":"Long-term open-label response to atomoxetine in adult ADHD: influence of sex, emotional dysregulation, and double-blind response to atomoxetine","volume":"3","author":"Marchant","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atten. Defic. Hyperact. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2007.06.012","article-title":"Sex differences in depression symptoms in treatment-seeking adults: confirmatory analyses from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression study","volume":"49","author":"Marcus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1015-2","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical gender differences in OCD","volume":"21","author":"Mathes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatr. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0573-1","article-title":"Psychopharmacologic treatment of eating disorders: emerging findings","volume":"17","author":"McElroy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatr. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2013.09.001","article-title":"Sex differences in anxiety and depression: role of testosterone","volume":"35","author":"McHenry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.03.006","article-title":"Gender differences in anxiety disorders: prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness","volume":"45","author":"McLean","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3699","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14435","article-title":"Sex-specific autistic endophenotypes induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid involve anandamide signalling","volume":"175","author":"Melancia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2009.06.001","article-title":"Sex-specific therapeutic strategies based on neuroactive steroids: in search for innovative tools for neuroprotection","volume":"57","author":"Melcangi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00083","article-title":"Is it important to consider sex and gender in neurocognitive studies?","volume":"6","author":"Mendrek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.10.013","article-title":"Sex\/gender differences in the brain and cognition in schizophrenia","volume":"67","author":"Mendrek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.78","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in schizophrenia: is there a need for gender-based protocols?","volume":"11","author":"Mendrek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.11.002","article-title":"Strain and sex based characterization of behavioral expressions in non-induced compulsive-like mice","volume":"168","author":"Mitra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1211-3","article-title":"Sex differences in predicting ADHD clinical diagnosis and pharmacological treatment","volume":"28","author":"Mowlem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0693","article-title":"Psychiatric characterization of children with genetic causes of hyperandrogenism","volume":"163","author":"Mueller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2007.01679.x","article-title":"Gender differences in the clinical effects of fluvoxamine and milnacipran in Japanese major depressive patients","volume":"61","author":"Naito","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2647","article-title":"Animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"13","author":"Nestler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib134","first-page":"61","article-title":"Models of depression: unpredictable chronic mild stress in mice","volume":"5","author":"Nollet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Prot. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib135","article-title":"Gender differences in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis: a comprehensive literature review","author":"Ochoa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schiz. Res, Treat."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2008.03.010","article-title":"Effectiveness of antidepressant treatments in pre-menopausal versus post-menopausal women: a pilot study on differential effects of sex hormones on antidepressant effects","volume":"63","author":"Pae","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(01)00010-0","article-title":"Animal models of anxiety and depression: how are females different?","volume":"25","author":"Palanza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2005.11.028","article-title":"Treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: methodological issues, operational definitions and therapeutic lines","volume":"30","author":"Pallanti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.1.5","article-title":"Pituitary volume in psychosis","volume":"185","author":"Pariante","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/13651501.2019.1699117","article-title":"Sex hormone levels in drug-na\u00efve, first-episode patients with psychosis","volume":"24","author":"Petrikis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatr. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.6.486","article-title":"Gender differences in depression. Critical review","volume":"177","author":"Piccinelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2011.09.006","article-title":"Glutamate abnormalities in obsessive compulsive disorder: neurobiology, pathophysiology, and treatment","volume":"132","author":"Pittenger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000113","article-title":"A review of eating disorders in males","volume":"27","author":"Raevuori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00337-0","article-title":"Evaluation of Lewis and SHR rat strains as a genetic model for the study of anxiety and pain","volume":"129","author":"Ramos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-410473-0.00006-4","article-title":"Anorexia nervosa and estrogen receptors","volume":"92","author":"Ramoz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vitam. Horm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00126-9","article-title":"Effects of estrogen on brain development and neuroprotection--implications for negative symptoms in schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"Rao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-018-0847-9","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in schizophrenic psychoses-a critical review","volume":"21","author":"Riecher-R\u00f6ssler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.00011.x","article-title":"Gender aspects in schizophrenia: bridging the border between social and biological psychiatry","volume":"407","author":"Riecher-R\u00f6ssler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2006.02.003","article-title":"Gonadal steroid regulation of mood: the lessons of premenstrual syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Rubinow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2016.1190032","article-title":"Reactivity to addictive drugs in the methylazoxymethanol (MAM) model of schizophrenia in male and female rats","volume":"18","author":"Ruda-Kucerova","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2017.01.007","article-title":"Neonatal blockade of GABA-A receptors alters behavioral and physiological phenotypes in adult mice","volume":"57","author":"Salari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072125","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic, developmental, and chronobiological behavioral profiles of a mouse mania model","volume":"8","author":"Saul","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00069","article-title":"Activity based anorexia as an animal model for anorexia nervosa-A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Schalla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9554-7_17","article-title":"Animal models of eating disorders","volume":"2011","author":"Scherma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.02.011","article-title":"Gender-specific behavioral and immunological alterations in an animal model of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid","volume":"33","author":"Schneider","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01822.x","article-title":"Menstrual exacerbation of schizophrenia symptoms","volume":"125","author":"Seeman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"10171","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)33135-0","article-title":"Gender equality in science, medicine, and global health: where are we at and why does it matter?","volume":"393","author":"Shannon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.10.033","article-title":"Neurogenesis and helplessness are mediated by controllability in males but not in females","volume":"62","author":"Shors","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00113-1","article-title":"Are gender differences in depression explained by gender differences in co-morbid anxiety?","volume":"77","author":"Simonds","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.02.004","article-title":"Sex differences in baseline and drug-induced behavioural responses in classical behavioural tests","volume":"37","author":"Simpson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2011.00921.x","article-title":"Menstrual effects on mood symptoms in treated women with bipolar disorder","volume":"13","author":"Sit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2010.515965","article-title":"Gender differences in antipsychotic prescribing","volume":"22","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.11.003","article-title":"Dopamine and anorexia nervosa","volume":"60","author":"S\u00f6dersten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22846","article-title":"Disparities in eating disorder diagnosis and treatment according to weight status, race\/ethnicity, socioeconomic background, and sex among college students","volume":"51","author":"Sonneville","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e31804659f1","article-title":"Sex differences in the response of children with ADHD to once-daily formulations of methylphenidate","volume":"46","author":"Sonuga-Barke","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.04.001","article-title":"Intermittent, extended access to preferred food leads to escalated food reinforcement and cyclic whole-body metabolism in rats: sex differences and individual vulnerability","volume":"192","author":"Spierling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.04.001","article-title":"Intermittent, extended access to preferred food leads to escalated food reinforcement and cyclic whole-body metabolism in rats: sex differences and individual vulnerability","volume":"192","author":"Spierling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2016.18.4\/ncutler","article-title":"Sex differences in the psychopharmacological treatment of depression","volume":"18","author":"Sramek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20962","article-title":"Why men should be included in research on binge eating: results from a comparison of psychosocial impairment in men and women","volume":"45","author":"Striegal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1741","article-title":"The influence of sex and age on prevalence rates of comorbid conditions in autism","volume":"10","author":"Supekar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01483-X","article-title":"Perigenual cingulate gyrus volume in patients with schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"53","author":"Takahashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901208010110","article-title":"Women and hysteria in the history of mental health","volume":"8","author":"Tasca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Pract. Epidemiol. Ment. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.21307\/ane-2017-059","article-title":"Marble burying as compulsive behaviors in male and female mice","volume":"77","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol. Exp."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015567","article-title":"Shortened conditioned eyeblink response latency in male but not female Wistar-Kyoto hyperactive rats","volume":"123","author":"Thanellou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S246","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.161487","article-title":"Women and schizophrenia","volume":"57","author":"Thara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.12.006","article-title":"Symptom dimensions, clinical course and comorbidity in men and women with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"209","author":"Torresan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000550","article-title":"Eating disorder animal model","volume":"32","author":"Treasure","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2018.07.022","article-title":"Gender differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder: findings from a multicentric study from India","volume":"37","author":"Tripathi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.05.005","article-title":"Sex differences on spontaneous alternation in prepubertal rats: implications for an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"28","author":"Ulloa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-017-0432-7","article-title":"Sex-specific issues in eating disorders: a clinical and psychopathological investigation. Eat","volume":"22","author":"Valente","year":"2017","journal-title":"Weight Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib183","first-page":"663","article-title":"Bipolar disorder differences between genders: special considerations for women","volume":"7","author":"Vega","year":"2011","journal-title":"Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yic.0000199454.62423.99","article-title":"Female hormones affect symptom severity in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"21","author":"Vulink","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012749","article-title":"Estradiol or diarylpropionitrile decrease anxiety-like behavior of wildtype, but not estrogen receptor beta knockout, mice","volume":"122","author":"Walf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3959","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17794-1","article-title":"Elevated rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses, and autistic traits in transgender and gender-diverse individuals","volume":"11","author":"Warrier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2012.715527","article-title":"Treatment issues and outcomes for males with eating disorders","volume":"20","author":"Weltzin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eat. Disord."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4868","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1301602110","article-title":"Understanding sex bias in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"110","author":"Werling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0216-4","article-title":"Sex differences in the incidence of antidepressant-induced mania (AIM) in bipolar disorders","volume":"44","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.05.005","article-title":"Gender differences in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a narrative review","volume":"40","author":"Williamson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.10.004","article-title":"Prenatal LPS-exposure--a neurodevelopmental rat model of schizophrenia--differentially affects cognitive functions, myelination and parvalbumin expression in male and female offspring","volume":"57","author":"Wischhof","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-016-0413-8","article-title":"Of mice and marbles: novel perspectives on burying behavior as a screening test for psychiatric illness","volume":"16","author":"Wolmarans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cognit. Affect Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.02.032","article-title":"Animal model of autism using GSTM1 knockout mice and early post-natal sodium valproate treatment","volume":"210","author":"Yochum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2018.06.008","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and problems diagnosing autism spectrum disorder in girls","volume":"25","author":"Young","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.017","article-title":"Adjunctive raloxifene for postmenopausal women with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials","volume":"197","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299921000480?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299921000480?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T22:48:15Z","timestamp":1757976495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299921000480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":187,"alternative-id":["S0014299921000480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gender-specific approach in psychiatric diseases: Because sex matters","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"173895"}}