{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T12:16:19Z","timestamp":1776860179570,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T19:51:23Z","timestamp":1621108283000},"page":"174181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["L-theanine inhibits foam cell formation via promoting the scavenger receptor A degradation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"904","author":[{"given":"Jianzhen","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingheng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guocui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1648-4","article-title":"Protective effect of L-theanine on cadmium-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by inhibiting the mitochondria-mediated pathway","volume":"40","author":"Ben","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2017 update: a report from the American heart association","volume":"135","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302721","article-title":"Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture","volume":"114","author":"Bentzon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.02.008","article-title":"Heat shock protein 27 inhibits HMGB1 translocation by regulating CBP acetyltransferase activity and ubiquitination","volume":"108","author":"Bi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9582430","article-title":"Macrophages and their role in atherosclerosis: pathophysiology and transcriptome analysis","volume":"2016","author":"Bobryshev","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20236093","article-title":"Quercetin suppresses the progression of atherosclerosis by regulating MST1-mediated autophagy in ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 macrophage foam cells","volume":"20","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-017-1575-8","article-title":"Mechanisms of foam cell formation in atherosclerosis","volume":"95","author":"Chistiakov","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.01.038","article-title":"Tea: a new perspective on health benefits","volume":"53","author":"da Silva Pinto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.2.290","article-title":"Macrophage scavenger receptor class A: a multifunctional receptor in atherosclerosis","volume":"20","author":"de Winther","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104478","article-title":"Neuroprotective attributes of L-theanine, a bioactive amino acid of tea, and its potential role in Parkinson's disease therapeutics","volume":"129","author":"Deb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/chir.20144","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of theanine enantiomers in rats","volume":"17","author":"Desai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chirality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.09.068","article-title":"Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis","volume":"47","author":"Falk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2006.07.002","article-title":"Green tea and stroke prevention: emerging evidence","volume":"15","author":"Fraser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Compl. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-117","article-title":"Immunity, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease","volume":"11","author":"Frosteg\u00e5rd","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000442015.53336.12","article-title":"Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics--2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"129","author":"Go","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2018100299","article-title":"Triggering MSR1 promotes JNK-mediated inflammation in IL-4-activated macrophages","volume":"38","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2001","article-title":"The immune system in atherosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Hansson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.10.012","article-title":"Arsenic augments the uptake of oxidized LDL by upregulating the expression of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor in mouse aortic endothelial cells","volume":"273","author":"Hossain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000209","article-title":"Cholesterol efflux capacity, macrophage reverse cholesterol transport and cardioprotective HDL","volume":"26","author":"Hutchins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.11.032","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of l-theanine on airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma","volume":"99","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0370937","article-title":"The emerging complexity of protein ubiquitination","volume":"37","author":"Komander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49982","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209649200","article-title":"Scavenger receptors class A-I\/II and CD36 are the principal receptors responsible for the uptake of modified low density lipoprotein leading to lipid loading in macrophages","volume":"277","author":"Kunjathoor","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.8","article-title":"Macrophagic CD146 promotes foam cell formation and retention during atherosclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.04.005","article-title":"Macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis","volume":"145","author":"Moore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2015.04.004","article-title":"An overview of biological production of L-theanine","volume":"33","author":"Mu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5387","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201901386","article-title":"Versatile synthetic route to Cycloheximide and analogues that potently inhibit translation elongation","volume":"58","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20040198","article-title":"Getting into position: the catalytic mechanisms of protein ubiquitylation","volume":"379","author":"Passmore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2929-0_6","article-title":"Isolation, culture, and polarization of murine bone marrow-derived and peritoneal macrophages","volume":"1339","author":"Pineda-Torra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201600085","article-title":"IRAK regulates macrophage foam cell formation by modulating genes involved in cholesterol uptake and efflux","volume":"38","author":"Rana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201412052","article-title":"Recent insights into the cellular biology of atherosclerosis","volume":"209","author":"Tabas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(98)00023-9","article-title":"Low-density lipoprotein modification occurring in human plasma possible mechanism of in vivo lipoprotein desialylation as a primary step of atherogenic modification","volume":"138","author":"Tertov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12605","article-title":"Arterial ageing: from endothelial dysfunction to vascular calcification","volume":"281","author":"Tesauro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20118","article-title":"Macrophages: an elusive yet emerging therapeutic target of atherosclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Tiwari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2015.1016141","article-title":"L-theanine, unique amino acid of tea, and its metabolism, health effects, and safety","volume":"57","author":"Turkozu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib35","article-title":"Pdcd4 deficiency enhances macrophage lipoautophagy and attenuates foam cell formation and atherosclerosis in mice","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5413","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b05057","article-title":"RNA-sequencing analysis reveals l-theanine regulating transcriptional rhythm alteration in vascular smooth muscle cells induced by dexamethasone","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.09.019","article-title":"\u03b3-glutamylcysteine exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by increasing cellular glutathione level","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.59.2134","article-title":"Effects of a component of green tea on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"59","author":"Yokozawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2317-6","article-title":"An L-glutamine transporter isoform for neurogenesis facilitated by L-theanine","volume":"42","author":"Yoneda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1880-6805-31-28","article-title":"Effects of L-theanine or caffeine intake on changes in blood pressure under physical and psychological stresses","volume":"31","author":"Yoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.110823","article-title":"l-Theanine attenuates liver aging by inhibiting advanced glycation end products in d-galactose-induced rats and reversing an imbalance of oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"131","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1159\/000447902","article-title":"Luteolin attenuates foam cell formation and apoptosis in ox-LDL-stimulated macrophages by enhancing autophagy","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2018.03.003","article-title":"RNA helicase DDX5 participates in oxLDL-induced macrophage scavenger receptor 1 expression by suppressing mRNA degradation","volume":"366","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299921003344?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299921003344?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T22:51:23Z","timestamp":1757976683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299921003344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0014299921003344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"L-theanine inhibits foam cell formation via promoting the scavenger receptor A degradation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174181","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"174181"}}