{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T07:50:43Z","timestamp":1793260243220,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020582","name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T11:19:11Z","timestamp":1698664751000},"page":"176117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Repurposing and clinical attributes of antidiabetic drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"961","author":[{"given":"Swapnali Vasant","family":"Birajdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhan","family":"Mazahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Imtiyaz","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6983-0622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awesh K.","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.06.035","article-title":"Impairment of synaptic plasticity and memory formation in GLP-1 receptor KO mice: interaction between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"205","author":"Abbas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00722","article-title":"Targeting ROS-dependent AKT\/GSK-3\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB and DJ-1\/nrf2 pathways by dapagliflozin attenuates neuronal injury and motor dysfunction in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease rat model","volume":"12","author":"Arab","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.5.661","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and risk of alzheimer disease and decline in cognitive function","volume":"61","author":"Arvanitakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"10103","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31585-4","article-title":"Exenatide once weekly versus placebo in Parkinson's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"390","author":"Athauda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8768-0","article-title":"Intranasal insulin in Alzheimer's dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review","volume":"265","author":"Avgerinos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11213372","article-title":"Empagliflozin induced ketosis, upregulated IGF-1\/insulin receptors and the canonical insulin signaling pathway in neurons, and decreased the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain of non-diabetics","volume":"11","author":"Avgerinos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI68295","article-title":"Exenatide and the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"123","author":"Aviles-Olmos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2838669","article-title":"Investigation of the possible correlation between idiopathic Parkinson's disease and diabetes mellitus in Egyptian patients: a pilot study. de Carvalho M","author":"AwadAllah Elgnainy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57256","article-title":"An anti-diabetes agent protects the mouse brain from defective insulin signaling caused by Alzheimer's disease\u2013associated A\u03b2 oligomers","volume":"122","author":"Bomfim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2010.07643.x","article-title":"Nuclear factor TDP-43 can affect selected microRNA levels","volume":"277","author":"Buratti","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.05.007","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of quercetin in Eudragit-coated liposomes for intestinal delivery","volume":"565","author":"Caddeo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib13","series-title":"Antidiabetic Drugs for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: Repurposing Insulin, Metformin, and Thiazolidinediones. in","first-page":"37","author":"Cardoso","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carranza-Naval MJ, del Marco A, Hierro-Bujalance C, et al. Liraglutide reduces vascular damage, neuronal loss, and cognitive impairment in a mixed murine model of Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. Front. Aging Neurosci.. 13 doi:10.3389\/fnagi.2021.741923.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.741923"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib17","article-title":"Repurposing of anti-diabetic agents as a new opportunity to alleviate cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00761-9","article-title":"Metformin attenuates plaque-associated tau pathology and reduces amyloid-\u03b2 burden in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Res. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib19","first-page":"E750","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases in diabetes","volume":"318","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib20","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2021","volume":"7","author":"Cummings","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. Transl. Res. Clin. Interv."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2010.06.002","article-title":"Leptin in human physiology and therapeutics","volume":"31","author":"Dardeno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118076","article-title":"Dapagliflozin improves behavioral dysfunction of Huntington's disease in rats via inhibiting apoptosis-related glycolysis","volume":"257","author":"El-Sahar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4162","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0230450100","article-title":"Insulin-degrading enzyme regulates the levels of insulin, amyloid \u03b2-protein, and the \u03b2-amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain in vivo","volume":"100","author":"Farris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3259-x","article-title":"Evaluating the effects of the novel GLP-1 analogue liraglutide in Alzheimer's disease: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (ELAD study)","volume":"220","author":"Femminella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00830","article-title":"Insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"12","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1 Suppl. l","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib26","first-page":"S76","article-title":"Defective insulin signaling, and neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"10","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1201\/b14249-12","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment","volume":"66","author":"Fornazzari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behav Neurol Elder"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00108","article-title":"In Alzheimer's disease, 6-month treatment with GLP-1 analog prevents decline of brain glucose metabolism: randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Gejl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2015.07.006","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease in clinical trials","volume":"68","author":"Godyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.03.066","article-title":"Leptin inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 to prevent tau phosphorylation in neuronal cells","volume":"455","author":"Greco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(03)00254-0","article-title":"Chitosan-coated liposomes: characterization and interaction with leuprolide","volume":"260","author":"Guo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh452","article-title":"Acute treatment with the PPAR\u03b3 agonist pioglitazone and ibuprofen reduces glial inflammation and A\u03b21\u201342 levels in APPV717I transgenic mice","volume":"128","author":"Heneka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00607-4","article-title":"Empagliflozin reduces vascular damage and cognitive impairment in a mixed murine model of Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Hierro-Bujalance","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Res. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.2004.15.4.279","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of versatile functions in primate anterior cingulate cortex","volume":"15","author":"Isomura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4054","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4024-13.2014","article-title":"PPAR recruitment to active ERK during memory consolidation is required for Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive enhancement","volume":"34","author":"Jahrling","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.080528","article-title":"Chronic neuron-specific tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression enhances the local inflammatory environment ultimately leading to neuronal death in 3xTg-AD mice","volume":"173","author":"Janelsins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.11.020","article-title":"Rosiglitazone protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+ induced cytotoxicity via inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production","volume":"253","author":"Jung","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.08.015","article-title":"Metformin lowers \u03b1-synuclein phosphorylation and upregulates neurotrophic factor in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"125","author":"Katila","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2010.07.009","article-title":"Structure based prediction of subtype-selectivity for adenosine receptor antagonists","volume":"60","author":"Katritch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)74413-5","article-title":"Regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatases by insulin and insulin-like growth factor I","volume":"268","author":"Kenner","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19146","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.636852","article-title":"Insulin resistance prevents AMPK-induced tau dephosphorylation through akt-mediated increase in AMPKSer-485 phosphorylation","volume":"290","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.0910","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, obesity, and diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"72","author":"Kioumourtzoglou","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12090864","article-title":"Metabolomics as a crucial tool to develop new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"12","author":"Lanznaster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu497","article-title":"Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase \u03b11 mediates mislocalization of TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Metformin ameliorates A \u03b2 pathology by insulin-degrading enzyme in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2020","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150493","article-title":"Metformin in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: results of a pilot randomized placebo controlled clinical trial","volume":"51","author":"Luchsinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheim. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.01.001","article-title":"The path to progress preclinical studies of age-related neurodegenerative diseases: a perspective on rodent and hiPSC-derived models","volume":"29","author":"MacDougall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib50","unstructured":"Marwarha G, Ghribi O. Leptin signaling and Alzheimer's disease. Am J Neurodegener Dis. 1(3):245-265."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205016666190913155950","article-title":"A pilot study of exenatide actions in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"16","author":"Mullins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.10.001","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 and the central\/peripheral nervous system: crosstalk in diabetes","volume":"28","author":"Muscogiuri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00345","article-title":"Insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease: bioenergetic linkages","volume":"9","author":"Neth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21981","article-title":"Increased A\u03b2 pathology in aged Tg2576 mice born to mothers fed a high fat diet","volume":"6","author":"Nizari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib55","series-title":"Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Intranasal Insulin for Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson Disease and Multiple System Atrophy: A Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study","volume":"vol. 14","author":"Novak","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.12.009","article-title":"Metformin treatment prevents amyloid plaque deposition and memory impairment in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"69","author":"Ou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.08.013","article-title":"AMPK activation: role in the signaling pathways of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration","volume":"298","author":"Peixoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.01.004","article-title":"Insulin, insulin-degrading enzyme and amyloid-\u03b2 peptide in Alzheimer's disease: review and hypothesis","volume":"27","author":"Qiu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.9b00091","article-title":"The brain\u2013heart Axis: alzheimer's, diabetes, and hypertension","volume":"3","author":"Riching","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-004-0552-1","article-title":"Neurodegenerative disorders associated with diabetes mellitus","volume":"82","author":"Ristow","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.01.006","article-title":"The association of neuropsychiatric symptoms in MCI with incident dementia and alzheimer disease","volume":"21","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65659-3","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"153","author":"Sasaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nov100","article-title":"Diabetes, use of antidiabetic drugs, and the risk of glioma","volume":"18","author":"Seliger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3942","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp336","article-title":"Mutant huntingtin interacts with -tubulin and disrupts vesicular transport and insulin secretion","volume":"18","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150072","article-title":"Insulin resistance is associated with higher cerebrospinal fluid tau levels in asymptomatic APOE \u025b4 carriers","volume":"46","author":"Starks","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheim. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5599\/admet.3.3.184","article-title":"Nose-to-brain delivery of insulin for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"3","author":"St\u00fctzle","year":"2015","journal-title":"ADMET DMPK"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)12257-5","article-title":"Exposure of rat hippocampal neurons to amyloid \u03b2 peptide (25\u201335) induces the inactivation of phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase and the activation of tau protein kinase I\/glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2","volume":"203","author":"Takashima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006148","article-title":"The clinical problem of symptomatic Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"2","author":"Tarawneh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib73","series-title":"Diabetes and Neurodegeneration in the Brain. in","first-page":"489","author":"Toth","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7180923","article-title":"Metformin: a possible option in cancer chemotherapy","author":"Ugwueze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Cell Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2147\/BTT.S270657","article-title":"Emerging therapies for Huntington's disease focus on N-terminal huntingtin and huntingtin exon 1","volume":"16","author":"van der Bent","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Targets & Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-05-01657.2000","article-title":"Neurons regulate extracellular levels of amyloid \u03b2-protein via proteolysis by insulin-degrading enzyme","volume":"20","author":"Vekrellis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.02.048","article-title":"Modulation of memory by insulin and glucose: neuropsychological observations in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"490","author":"Watson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13110379","article-title":"Perspective of SGLT2 inhibition in treatment of conditions connected to neuronal loss: focus on Alzheimer's disease and ischemia-related brain injury","volume":"13","author":"Wici\u0144ski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9299","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.16.9299","article-title":"Presenilin complexes with the C-terminal fragments of amyloid precursor protein at the sites of amyloid \u03b2-protein generation","volume":"97","author":"Xia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib80","first-page":"623","article-title":"The neuroprotection of liraglutide on alzheimer-like learning and memory impairment by modulating the hyperphosphorylation of tau and neurofilament proteins and insulin signaling pathways in mice","volume":"vol. 37","author":"Xiong","year":"2013"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11120","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2860-04.2004","article-title":"Insulin-degrading enzyme as a downstream target of insulin receptor signaling cascade: implications for Alzheimer's disease intervention","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154265","article-title":"Impact of antidiabetic agents on dementia risk: a Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299923006313?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299923006313?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T23:26:50Z","timestamp":1757978810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299923006313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S0014299923006313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Repurposing and clinical attributes of antidiabetic drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176117","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"176117"}}