{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:30:56Z","timestamp":1790875856534,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T06:54:14Z","timestamp":1718866454000},"page":"176766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Neuroprotective effects of Gypenosides: A review on preclinical studies in neuropsychiatric disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"978","author":[{"given":"Gengfan","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Zhao","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey Siew Foong","family":"Kow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi Long","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Wei","family":"Cheng Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohana","family":"Yusof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chau Ling","family":"Tham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Cheng","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3957-2439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming Tatt","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9930","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-24-09930.2001","article-title":"cAMP response element-binding protein is required for dopamine-dependent gene expression in the intact but not the dopamine-denervated striatum","volume":"21","author":"Andersson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.12.008","article-title":"Further evidence for the cholinergic hypothesis of aging and dementia from the canine model of aging","volume":"29","author":"Araujo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14108","article-title":"Parkinson disease","volume":"27","author":"Balestrino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-200","article-title":"So depression is an inflammatory disease, but where does the inflammation come from?","volume":"11","author":"Berk","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2174\/157015908785777238","article-title":"The TNF-\u03b1 system: functional aspects in depression, narcolepsy and psychopharmacology","volume":"6","author":"Berthold-Losleben","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0048-7","article-title":"Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes mellitus: mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"14","author":"Biessels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70284-2","article-title":"Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Biessels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12604","article-title":"Neural basis of major depressive disorder: beyond monoamine hypothesis","volume":"72","author":"Boku","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-228X.2010.01095.x","article-title":"Effects of an early family intervention on children's memory: the mediating effects of cortisol levels","volume":"4","author":"Bugental","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mind. Brain Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6362707","article-title":"Gypenoside attenuates \u03b2 amyloid-induced inflammation in N9 microglial cells via SOCS1 signaling","volume":"2016","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib11","article-title":"Mechanistic studies of gypenosides in microglial state transition and its implications in depression-like behaviors: role of TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"13","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15042814","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of herbal ethanol extracts from Gynostemma pentaphyllum in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4342","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18044342","article-title":"Anxiolytic effects of herbal ethanol extract from Gynostemma pentaphyllum in mice after exposure to chronic stress","volume":"18","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21967","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms151221967","article-title":"Gypenosides protected the neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of neonatal rats that were prenatally exposed to ethanol","volume":"15","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.040","article-title":"Gypenosides reverses depressive behavior via inhibiting hippocampal neuroinflammation","volume":"106","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.07.107","article-title":"Downregulation of cystathionine \u03b2-synthase\/hydrogen sulfide contributes to rotenone-induced microglia polarization toward M1 type","volume":"451","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07458.x","article-title":"Description of Parkinson's disease as a clinical syndrome","volume":"991","author":"Fahn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.10.005","article-title":"IL-1RA blocks E. coli-induced suppression of Arc and long-term memory in aged F344\u00d7BN F1 rats","volume":"24","author":"Frank","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02900219","article-title":"Interleukin-6-(IL-6) plasma levels in depression and schizophrenia: comparison between the acute state and after remission","volume":"247","author":"Frommberger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib20","article-title":"Corticosteroids for treating optic neuritis","volume":"2015","author":"Gal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108675","article-title":"A bioactive gypenoside (GP-14) alleviates neuroinflammation and blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption by inhibiting the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in a mouse high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) model","volume":"107","author":"Geng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.116092","article-title":"GP-14 protects against severe hypoxia-induced neuronal injury through the AKT and ERK pathways and its induced transcriptome profiling alteration","volume":"448","author":"Geng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5042","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-12-05042.2002","article-title":"D1 dopamine receptor supersensitivity in the dopamine-depleted striatum results from a switch in the regulation of ERK1\/2\/MAP kinase","volume":"22","author":"Gerfen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00605-8","article-title":"Plasma phospho-tau in Alzheimer's disease: towards diagnostic and therapeutic trial applications","volume":"18","author":"Gonzalez-Ortiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150318","article-title":"Tomoregulin (TMEFF2) binds alzheimer's disease amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) oligomer and A\u03b2PP and protects neurons from a\u03b2-induced toxicity","volume":"48","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheim. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.02.002","article-title":"Gypenoside TN-2 ameliorates scopolamine-induced learning deficit in mice","volume":"134","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.008","article-title":"The pathobiology of vascular dementia","volume":"80","author":"Iadecola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-020-02232-9","article-title":"Neuropathological assessment of the Alzheimer spectrum","volume":"127","author":"Jellinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1240795","article-title":"Gypenoside LXXIV ameliorates scopolamine-induced learning deficit in mice","volume":"76","author":"Joh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10121948","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in ocular diseases associated with retinal ganglion cells degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710000982","article-title":"Oestrogen: an overlooked mediator in the neuropsychopharmacology of treatment response?","volume":"14","author":"Keating","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"9820","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60602-8","article-title":"Major depressive disorder: new clinical, neurobiological, and treatment perspectives","volume":"379","author":"Kupfer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7609","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207609","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment of stroke: present status and future perspectives","volume":"21","author":"Kuriakose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(12)70902-7","article-title":"Role of the SOCS in monocytes\/macrophages-related pathologies. Are we getting closer to a new pharmacological target?","volume":"64","author":"Labuzek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9030314","article-title":"Dopamine D3 receptor plasticity in Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia","volume":"9","author":"Lanza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4183670","article-title":"Gypenosides attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairment in rats","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid. base Compl. Alternative Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/19768354.2018.1517825","article-title":"Gypenosides attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and anxiety-like behaviors in rats","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Cell Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2014.02.030","article-title":"Gypenosides might have neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects on optic neuritis","volume":"82","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.014","article-title":"Anticancer and immunoregulatory activity of Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharides in H22 tumor-bearing mice","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160096","article-title":"Gypenoside XVII enhances lysosome biogenesis and autophagy flux and accelerates autophagic clearance of amyloid-\u03b2 through TFEB activation","volume":"52","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheim. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2014.03.026","article-title":"Attenuation of A\u03b225-35-induced parallel autophagic and apoptotic cell death by gypenoside XVII through the estrogen receptor-dependent activation of Nrf2\/ARE pathways","volume":"279","author":"Meng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7413","article-title":"A novel natural PPAR\u03b3 agonist, Gypenoside LXXV, ameliorates cognitive deficits by enhancing brain glucose uptake via the activation of Akt\/GLUT4 signaling in db\/db mice","volume":"36","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7639","article-title":"Increasing brain glucose uptake by Gypenoside LXXV ameliorates cognitive deficits in a mouse model of diabetic Alzheimer's disease","volume":"37","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-016-4357-z","article-title":"Antidepressant-like effects of standardized gypenosides: involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in hippocampus","volume":"233","author":"Mu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113574","article-title":"Triterpenoids from the genus Gynostemma: chemistry and pharmacological activities","volume":"268","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib46","article-title":"Major depressive disorder","volume":"2","author":"Otte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib47","first-page":"361","article-title":"Ethanol extract from Gynostemma pentaphyllum ameliorates dopaminergic neuronal cell death in transgenic mice expressing mutant A53T human alpha-synuclein","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neur. Reg. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00309-0","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"2","author":"Passos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.05.044","article-title":"ERK phosphorylation and FosB expression are associated with L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian mice","volume":"59","author":"Pav\u00f3n","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib50","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Protective effect of gypenosides on DNA and RNA of rat neurons in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"21","author":"Qi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.09.023","article-title":"The emerging tale of microglia in psychiatric disorders","volume":"131","author":"Rahimian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-005-3754-4","article-title":"Chemistry and pharmacology of Gynostemma pentaphyllum","volume":"4","author":"Razmovski-Naumovski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phytochemistry Rev."},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.04.004","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein: pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease","volume":"109","author":"Rocha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv082","article-title":"The cognitive effects of antidepressants in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"19","author":"Rosenblat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-015-0163-5","article-title":"Gypenosides attenuate the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2019.08.002","article-title":"Parkinson disease epidemiology, pathology, genetics and pathophysiology","volume":"36","author":"Simon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26206249","article-title":"Progress in the medicinal value, bioactive compounds, and pharmacological activities of Gynostemma pentaphyllum","volume":"26","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13031","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the aging substantia nigra and the etiology of Parkinson's disease","volume":"18","author":"Trist","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14448","article-title":"Gypenosides (GPs) alleviates hypoxia-induced injury in PC12 cells and enhances tolerance to anoxia in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2018.03.003","article-title":"Gypenosides attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced optic neuritis in rats","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b06659","article-title":"Dammarane-type saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum prevent hypoxia-induced neural injury through activation of ERK, akt, and CREB pathways","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001003800336","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of gypenosides against oxidative injury in the substantia nigra of a mouse model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2010.06.014","article-title":"Gypenosides protects dopaminergic neurons in primary culture against MPP(+)-induced oxidative injury","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib64","first-page":"293","article-title":"[Mechanism of gypenoside XVII against cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury based on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2\/antioxidant responsive element signaling pathway]","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-017-0654-x","article-title":"Gypenoside IX suppresses p38 MAPK\/Akt\/NF\u03baB signaling pathway activation and inflammatory responses in astrocytes stimulated by proinflammatory mediators","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2013.12.001","article-title":"Gypenosides pre-treatment protects the brain against cerebral ischemia and increases neural stem cells\/progenitors in the subventricular zone","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.311908","article-title":"Epidemiology of vascular dementia","volume":"39","author":"Wolters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-6-11","article-title":"Pathophysiology, treatment, and animal and cellular models of human ischemic stroke","volume":"6","author":"Woodruff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib69","article-title":"Gypenoside pretreatment alleviates the cerebral ischemia injury via inhibiting the microglia-mediated neuroinflammation","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03830-9","article-title":"Protective effects of Gypenoside XVII against cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury via SIRT1-FOXO3A- and Hif1a-BNIP3-mediated mitochondrial autophagy","volume":"20","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118758304","article-title":"miR-124 antagonizes the antidepressant-like effects of standardized gypenosides in mice","volume":"32","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.03.019","article-title":"Gypenoside attenuates white matter lesions induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e32834afef9","article-title":"Gypenosides improve cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats by suppressing oxidative stress and astrocytic activation","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-019-01468-9","article-title":"Gypenosides prevent H2O2-induced retinal ganglion cell apoptosis by concurrently suppressing the neuronal oxidative stress and inflammatory response","volume":"70","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib75","first-page":"541","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of gypenosides in experimental autoimmune optic neuritis","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122418","article-title":"Gypenoside XVII, an active ingredient from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, inhibits C3aR-associated synaptic pruning in stressed mice","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1959-x","article-title":"Gypenosides ameliorate memory deficits in MPTP-lesioned mouse model of Parkinson's disease treated with L-DOPA","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0856-4","article-title":"Ameliorating effects of gypenosides on chronic stress-induced anxiety disorders in mice","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766_bib79","first-page":"1787","article-title":"Function of microglia and macrophages in secondary damage after spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neur. Reg. Res."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299924004540?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299924004540?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]],"date-time":"2024-10-06T17:45:01Z","timestamp":1728236701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299924004540"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["S0014299924004540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neuroprotective effects of Gypenosides: A review on preclinical studies in neuropsychiatric disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176766","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"176766"}}