{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:04:30Z","timestamp":1779930270341,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T07:10:35Z","timestamp":1735369835000},"page":"177227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["FADS1 inhibition protects retinal pigment epithelium cells from ferroptosis in age related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"989","author":[{"given":"Ao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Ting","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Ye","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-Hua","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiping","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5506-7101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingpeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02399-w","article-title":"Role of circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases risk: analysis using Mendelian randomization and fatty acid genetic association data from over 114,000 UK Biobank participants","volume":"20","author":"Borges","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062655","article-title":"Ranibizumab versus verteporfin for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"355","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102407","article-title":"Aging of the eye: lessons from cataracts and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"99","author":"Cvekl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4639","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI99490","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes host polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines to trigger theft-ferroptosis in bronchial epithelium","volume":"128","author":"Dar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102077","article-title":"Ferroptosis in Parkinson's disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"91","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00265-2","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26074","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration: a review","volume":"331","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.10.042","article-title":"Role of mitochondria in ferroptosis","volume":"73","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.117.309660","article-title":"Delta-5 fatty acid desaturase FADS1 impacts metabolic disease by balancing proinflammatory and proresolving lipid mediators","volume":"38","author":"Gromovsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib10","article-title":"Integrating genetics and metabolomics from multi-ethnic and multi-fluid data reveals putative mechanisms for age-related macular degeneration","volume":"4","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2018.09.001","article-title":"DNMT1 and Sp1 competitively regulate the expression of BACE1 in A2E-mediated photo-oxidative damage in RPE cells","volume":"121","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00324-8","article-title":"Ferroptosis: mechanisms, biology and role in disease","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32433","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2006828117","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway determines ferroptosis sensitivity in gastric cancer","volume":"117","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00964-6","article-title":"Lipid metabolism dysfunction induced by age-dependent DNA methylation accelerates aging","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-019-0299-4","article-title":"Ischemia-induced ACSL4 activation contributes to ferroptosis-mediated tissue injury in intestinal ischemia\/reperfusion","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.03.022","article-title":"Ferroptosis at the intersection of lipid metabolism and cellular signaling","volume":"82","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1038\/s44321-024-00090-6","article-title":"FADS1\/2 control lipid metabolism and ferroptosis susceptibility in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"16","author":"Lorito","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1186","article-title":"PATZ1 down-regulates FADS1 by binding to rs174557 and is opposed by SP1\/SREBP1c","volume":"45","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154840","article-title":"FUNDC1 insufficiency sensitizes high fat diet intake-induced cardiac remodeling and contractile anomaly through ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis","volume":"122","author":"Pei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1435","article-title":"Plasma lipidomic n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in the EPIC-potsdam prospective cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Prada","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2007.06.002","article-title":"5-Lipoxygenase: regulation of expression and enzyme activity","volume":"32","author":"Radmark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01221-3","article-title":"Microglia ferroptosis is regulated by SEC24B and contributes to neurodegeneration","volume":"26","author":"Ryan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.06.031","article-title":"Regulation of alternative polyadenylation by the C2H2-zinc-finger protein Sp1","volume":"82","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.021","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a regulated cell death nexus linking metabolism, redox biology, and disease","volume":"171","author":"Stockwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-020-00734-x","article-title":"Phospholipase iPLA(2)beta averts ferroptosis by eliminating a redox lipid death signal","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3565","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab338","article-title":"Causal effects of N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on age-related macular degeneration: a mendelian randomization study","volume":"106","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102262","article-title":"ACSL4 deficiency confers protection against ferroptosis-mediated acute kidney injury","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16272","article-title":"Interferon-gamma induces retinal pigment epithelial cell Ferroptosis by a JAK1-2\/STAT1\/SLC7A11 signaling pathway in Age-related Macular Degeneration","volume":"289","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.54113","article-title":"Ferroptosis as a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2015.158","article-title":"Ferroptosis: process and function","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0658","article-title":"Effects of metformin on metabolite profiles and LDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04924-4","article-title":"Involvement of FSP1-CoQ(10)-NADH and GSH-GPx-4 pathways in retinal pigment epithelium ferroptosis","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05027-w","article-title":"TFRC upregulation promotes ferroptosis in CVB3 infection via nucleus recruitment of Sp1","volume":"13","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202300379","article-title":"Ferroptosis detection: from approaches to applications","volume":"62","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299924009178?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299924009178?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T21:14:09Z","timestamp":1740345249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299924009178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0014299924009178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"FADS1 inhibition protects retinal pigment epithelium cells from ferroptosis in age related macular degeneration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177227","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"177227"}}