{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T23:05:54Z","timestamp":1792537554747,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":292,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T15:09:49Z","timestamp":1744211389000},"page":"177615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["L-Arginine and immune modulation: A pharmacological perspective on inflammation and autoimmune disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"997","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2405-5554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igbayilola Yusuff","family":"Dimeji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasim Sakran","family":"Abass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngabea Murtala","family":"Audu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adekola Saheed","family":"Ayodeji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.192765","article-title":"Ciliary polycystin-2 is a mechanosensitive calcium channel involved in nitric oxide signaling cascades","volume":"104","author":"AbouAlaiwi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib2","article-title":"The effects of L-arginine in hypertensive patients: a literature review","volume":"13","author":"Abukhodair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3951","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113951","article-title":"L-Arginine and COVID-19: an update","volume":"13","author":"Adebayo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1269581","article-title":"From imbalance to impairment: the central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced disorders and therapeutic exploration","volume":"14","author":"Afzal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.3390\/app11073293","article-title":"L-citrulline: a non-essential amino acid with important roles in human health","volume":"11","author":"Aguayo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1180085","article-title":"L-Arginine abrogates maternal and pre-pubertal codeine exposure-induced impaired spermatogenesis and sperm quality by modulating the levels of mRNA encoding spermatogenic genes","volume":"14","author":"Akhigbe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib8","first-page":"13","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory interleukins in infectious diseases: a comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Al-Qahtani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trav. Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109130","article-title":"Interleukin-6 cytokine: an overview of the immune regulation, immune dysregulation, and therapeutic approach","volume":"111","author":"Aliyu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070921","article-title":"L-citrulline supplementation: impact on cardiometabolic health","volume":"10","author":"Allerton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2013.07.005","article-title":"Simvastatin treatment increases nitrite levels in Obese women: modulation by T(\u2212786)C polymorphism of eNOS","volume":"33","author":"Andrade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11020218","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer and COVID-19 as associated with oxidative stress","volume":"11","author":"Andr\u00e9s","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7997","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217997","article-title":"Coordination between calcium\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in neurons","volume":"21","author":"Araki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00903-7","article-title":"Neurological injuries in COVID-19 patients: direct viral invasion or a bystander injury after infection of epithelial\/endothelial cells","volume":"26","author":"Azizi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib17","first-page":"352","article-title":"Dietary animal-derived L-Arginine intakes and risk of chronic kidney disease: a 6-Year Follow-up of Tehran lipid and glucose study. Iran","volume":"11","author":"Bahadoran","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5703","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI126923","article-title":"Arginase impedes the resolution of colitis by altering the microbiome and metabolome","volume":"130","author":"Baier","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/00075197-200303000-00012","article-title":"Arginine availability, arginase, and the immune response","volume":"6","author":"Bansal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib20","first-page":"S75","article-title":"Interactions between fatty acids and arginine metabolism: implications for the design of immune-enhancing diets","volume":"29","author":"Bansal","year":"2005","journal-title":"JPEN - J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib21","first-page":"101","article-title":"Arginine: a thymotropic and wound-healing promoting agent","volume":"28","author":"Barbul","year":"1977","journal-title":"Surg. Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib22","first-page":"331","article-title":"Arginine enhances wound healing and lymphocyte immune response in humans","volume":"108","author":"Barbul","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/219751a0","article-title":"Possible mechanism for mycoplasma inhibition of lymphocyte transformation induced by phytohaemagglutinin","volume":"220","author":"Barile","year":"1968","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib24","first-page":"10","article-title":"Effects of L-citrulline supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Barkhidarian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Avicenna J. Phytomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11233843","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Batty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph0143","article-title":"Arginine, arginine analogs and nitric oxide production in chronic kidney disease","volume":"2","author":"Baylis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159384","article-title":"Metabolic profiling of systemic lupus erythematosus and comparison with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome and systemic sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-006-0272-1","article-title":"Contribution of the PD-L1\/PD-1 pathway to T-cell exhaustion: an update on implications for chronic infections and tumor evasion","volume":"56","author":"Blank","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1160\/TH04-09-0578","article-title":"Circulating endothelial cells. Biomarkers of vascular disease","volume":"93","author":"Blann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib32","first-page":"77","article-title":"Oral L-arginine improves endothelial function in healthy individuals older than 70 years. Vasc","volume":"8","author":"Bode-B\u00f6ger","year":"2003","journal-title":"M\u00e9d. Sur"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00228-4","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor up-regulates nitric oxide synthase expression in endothelial cells","volume":"41","author":"Bouloumi\u00e9","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199503000-00006","article-title":"Early enteral administration of a formula (impact) supplemented with arginine, nucleotides, and fish oil in intensive care unit patients: results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Bower","year":"1995","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib37","first-page":"105","article-title":"Immune and nutritional effects of early enteral nutrition after major abdominal operations","volume":"162","author":"Braga","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.1.270","article-title":"IL-4-induced arginase 1 suppresses alloreactive T cells in tumor-bearing mice","volume":"170","author":"Bronte","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI149412","article-title":"Distinctive features of severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia","volume":"131","author":"Budinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C400498200","article-title":"Spermine causes loss of innate immune response to Helicobacter pylori by inhibition of inducible nitric-oxide synthase translation","volume":"280","author":"Bussi\u00e8re","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10408","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase is present in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis and is associated with increases in cerebrospinal fluid protein nitrotyrosine and S-nitrosothiols and with changes in glutathione levels","volume":"70","author":"Calabrese","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10408","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase and neuroprotection: is there a role for L-arginine in neurodegenerative diseases?","volume":"70","author":"Calabrese","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00037.2016","article-title":"Arginase: a multifaceted enzyme important in health and disease","volume":"98","author":"Caldwell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1621-6","article-title":"Mir-223 regulates the number and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"133","author":"Cantoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223626","article-title":"L-arginine metabolism inhibits arthritis and inflammatory bone loss","volume":"83","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.613416","article-title":"Control of T-cell activation and signaling by amino-acid catabolizing enzymes","volume":"8","author":"Castellano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03338-4","article-title":"eNOS-dependent S-nitrosylation of the NF-kappaB subunit p65 has neuroprotective effects","volume":"12","author":"Caviedes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4104","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0750","article-title":"Vitamin C further improves the protective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 on acute hypoglycemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Ceriello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1616-x","article-title":"Elevated levels of plasma symmetric dimethylarginine and increased arginase activity as potential indicators of cardiovascular comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Chandrasekharan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.745758","article-title":"Long COVID 19 syndrome: is it related to microcirculation and endothelial dysfunction? Insights from TUN-EndCOV study","volume":"8","author":"Charfeddine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2008.06.008","article-title":"Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and its pathophysiologic regulation","volume":"49","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2019.06.007","article-title":"TSH inhibits eNOS expression in HMEC-1 cells through the TSHR\/PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"80","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.64909","article-title":"Convalescent COVID-19 patients are susceptible to endothelial dysfunction due to persistent immune activation","volume":"10","author":"Chioh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M309451200","volume":"279","author":"Cho","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2009.05.019","article-title":"Interferon-beta treatment in multiple sclerosis attenuates inflammatory gene expression through inducible activity of the phosphatase SHP-1","volume":"133","author":"Christophi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15461","article-title":"Dual inhibition of CB1 receptors and iNOS, as a potential novel approach to the pharmacological management of acute and long COVID-19","volume":"179","author":"Cinar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5291","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155291","article-title":"Arginase as a potential biomarker of disease progression: a molecular imaging perspective","volume":"21","author":"Clemente","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11051290","article-title":"The role of adipokines in health and disease","volume":"11","author":"Clemente-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00949","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: ductile targets in disease","volume":"10","author":"Consonni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.9.1288","article-title":"Importance of the bradykinin-nitric oxide synthase system in hypersensitivity reactions of chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"15","author":"Coppo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.600428","article-title":"Immunosuppressive amino-acid catabolizing enzymes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Correale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15180","article-title":"The clinical effects of l-arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine: implications for treatment in secondary Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"33","author":"Curtiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2019.12.009","article-title":"Nitric oxide and endothelial dysfunction","volume":"36","author":"Cyr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198810000-00013","article-title":"Immune and metabolic effects of arginine in the surgical patient","volume":"208","author":"Daly","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/cc14003","article-title":"Neutrophils with myeloid-derived suppressor function deplete arginine and constrain T cell function in septic shock patients","volume":"18","author":"Darcy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.10.004","article-title":"Oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders: mechanisms and implications","volume":"15","author":"Dash","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2014.02.003","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: therapeutic, predictive, and prognostic implications","volume":"41","author":"Diaz-Montero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122563","article-title":"Cellular and oxidative mechanisms associated with Interleukin-6 signaling in the vasculature","volume":"18","author":"Didion","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.566410","article-title":"Angiotensin II decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation via AT1R Nox\/ROS\/PP2A pathway","volume":"11","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.3.347","article-title":"Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression by hydrogen peroxide","volume":"86","author":"Drummond","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00419.2011","article-title":"Ascorbic acid or L-arginine improves cutaneous microvascular function in chronic kidney disease","volume":"111","author":"Dupont","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4024","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408839111","article-title":"Macrophage arginase-1 controls bacterial growth and pathology in hypoxic tuberculosis granulomas","volume":"111","author":"Duque-Correa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04638.x","article-title":"Arginase: a critical regulator of nitric oxide synthesis and vascular function","volume":"34","author":"Durante","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/00075197-199811000-00010","article-title":"Modulation of inflammation and immunity by arginine supplements","volume":"1","author":"Efron","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21767","article-title":"Tumor iNOS predicts poor survival for stage III melanoma patients","volume":"119","author":"Ekmekcioglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1276682","article-title":"Targeting iNOS to increase efficacy of immunotherapies","volume":"13","author":"Ekmekcioglu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-005-0051-y","article-title":"Nitric oxide and multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Encinas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib82","first-page":"1","article-title":"Free radicals, oxidative stress-related diseases, and antioxidant supplementation","volume":"28","author":"Engwa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alternative Ther. Health Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020205","article-title":"L-Arginine depletion improves spinal cord injury via immunomodulation and nitric oxide reduction","volume":"10","author":"Erens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20030192","article-title":"Aspirin inhibits endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Flk-1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2) prior to rat Colon tumour development","volume":"106","author":"Escribano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704569","article-title":"NO as a signalling molecule in the nervous system","volume":"135","author":"Esplugues","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.10.001","article-title":"Mechanisms of endothelial regeneration and vascular repair and their application to regenerative medicine","volume":"191","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI4829","article-title":"Hypercholesterolemia decreases nitric oxide production by promoting the interaction of caveolin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase","volume":"103","author":"Feron","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.2174\/138161208784246199","article-title":"Arginine deprivation as a targeted therapy for cancer","volume":"14","author":"Feun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2018-063","article-title":"Interferons in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability update","volume":"22","author":"Filipi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. MS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02490-x","article-title":"L-Arginine supplementation as mitochondrial therapy in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"23","author":"Fiordelisi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/610813","article-title":"Interrelation of oxidative stress and inflammation in neurodegenerative disease: role of TNF","volume":"2015","author":"Fischer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s10337-018-3520-6","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of L-arginine, dimethylated arginine derivatives, L-citrulline, and dimethylamine in human serum using liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry","volume":"81","author":"Fleszar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15490","article-title":"Persistent endotheliopathy in the pathogenesis of long COVID syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Fogarty","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemostasis"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3708","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183708","article-title":"Evaluation of a supervised adapted physical activity program associated or not with oral supplementation with L-Arginine and leucine in subjects with obesity and metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Folope","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr304","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function","volume":"33","author":"F\u00f6rstermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr304","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function","volume":"33","author":"F\u00f6rstermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01827-2","article-title":"L-Arginine in diabetes: clinical and preclinical evidence","volume":"22","author":"Forzano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib99","article-title":"Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and its corresponding tetrahydrobiopterin-cofactor-synthesizing enzyme GTP-Cyclohydrolase I during cutaneous wound repair","author":"Frank","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8080277","article-title":"Arginine and endothelial function","volume":"8","author":"Gambardella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6684568","article-title":"Effects of chronic supplementation of L-Arginine on physical fitness in water polo players","volume":"2021","author":"Gambardella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.151239498","article-title":"Complex regulation of human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene transcription by stat 1 and NF-\u03baB","author":"Ganster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.721750.x","article-title":"Induction of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by lipopolysaccharide contributes to preventing nitric oxide-mediated glutathione depletion in cultured rat astrocytes","author":"Garc\u00eda-Nogales","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.09.031","article-title":"L-Arginine modulates T cell metabolism and enhances survival and anti-tumor activity","volume":"167","author":"Geiger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3914","article-title":"Hypericum alpestre extract exhibits in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties by regulating the cellular antioxidant system and metabolic pathway of L-Arginine","volume":"42","author":"Ginovyan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2174\/0115748855260802231019072509","article-title":"Therapeutic potential and prospects of L-Arginine in various diseases and its clinical intervention","volume":"19","author":"Giri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Ther."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13844","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241443798","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori arginase inhibits nitric oxide production by eukaryotic cells: a strategy for bacterial survival","volume":"98","author":"Gobert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9546","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179546","article-title":"The role of the BH4 cofactor in nitric oxide synthase activity and cancer progression: two sides of the same coin","volume":"22","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003426","article-title":"Effects of citrulline supplementation on exercise performance in humans: a review of the current literature","volume":"34","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Strength Condit Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mog.0000153360.90653.82","article-title":"Immunonutrition","volume":"21","author":"Grimble","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5557","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-1554","article-title":"Molecular pathways: inflammation-associated nitric-oxide production as a cancer-supporting redox mechanism and a potential therapeutic target","volume":"19","author":"Grimm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1440269","article-title":"Targeting amino acid-metabolizing enzymes for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Grobben","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00938","article-title":"Myeloid cell-derived arginase in cancer immune response","volume":"11","author":"Grzywa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa528","article-title":"Circulating endothelial cells as a marker of endothelial injury in severe COVID-19","volume":"222","author":"Guervilly","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11020253","article-title":"Role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human embryo implantation: clinical implications","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01655-6","article-title":"Signaling pathways and targeted therapies for psoriasis","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312119835043","article-title":"Sepsis: the evolution in definition, pathophysiology, and management","volume":"7","author":"Gyawali","year":"2019","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-011-0108-4","article-title":"Biochemistry of nitric oxide","volume":"26","author":"Habib","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2015-0","article-title":"Serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of homoarginine, arginine, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine, nitrite, and nitrate in patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica","volume":"47","author":"Haghikia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16587","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M100229200","article-title":"Reciprocal phosphorylation and regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase in response to bradykinin stimulation","volume":"276","author":"Harris","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-023-08097-w","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant potential of Hippophae rhamnoides protects DNA against H2O2-induced oxidative damage","volume":"49","author":"Hassan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arabian J. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248409354599","article-title":"L-arginine as a nutritional prophylaxis against vascular endothelial dysfunction with aging","volume":"15","author":"Heffernan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6323","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1401799111","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment-based feed-forward regulation of NOS2 in breast cancer progression","volume":"111","author":"Heinecke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.6158","article-title":"Central role of eNOS in the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis","volume":"22","author":"Heiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00772","article-title":"Innate immune cells' contribution to systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"10","author":"Herrada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2494(91)90103-P","article-title":"Synthesis of nitric oxide from L-arginine: a recently discovered pathway induced by cytokines with antitumor and antimicrobial activity","volume":"142","author":"Hibbs","year":"1991","journal-title":"Res. Immunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101958","article-title":"Roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in vascular endothelial dysfunction-related disease","volume":"11","author":"Higashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxaa078","article-title":"IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer","volume":"33","author":"Hirano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2511","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: past, present and future","volume":"10","author":"Horwitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tkae052","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkae052","article-title":"Angiogenesis during diabetic wound repair: from mechanism to therapy opportunity","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.02.065","article-title":"Genomic and transcriptomic features of response to anti-PD-1 therapy in metastatic melanoma","volume":"165","author":"Hugo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib137","first-page":"2209","article-title":"ARG inhibition prevents Tau-protein phosphorylation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease models","volume":"36","author":"Hunt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9265","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.24.9265","article-title":"Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide","volume":"84","author":"Ignarro","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030753","article-title":"Nitric oxide\/nitric oxide synthase system in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative Disorders-An overview","volume":"12","author":"Iova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106360","article-title":"Combining L-Arginine with vitamin C improves long-COVID symptoms: the LINCOLN survey","volume":"183","author":"Izzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052719","article-title":"The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) in autoimmune disease and current TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors in therapeutics","volume":"22","author":"Jang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.628302","article-title":"Sepsis-pathophysiology and therapeutic concepts","volume":"8","author":"Jarczak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000738","article-title":"Epidemiology and long-term outcome of inflammatory bowel disease diagnosed at elderly age\u2014An increasing distinct entity?","volume":"22","author":"Jeuring","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2012.716450","article-title":"Increased circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlated negatively with Th17 cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"42","author":"Jiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14101266","article-title":"Antioxidant therapies in the treatment of multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-008-0631-1","article-title":"Prognostic significance of tumor iNOS and COX-2 in stage III malignant cutaneous melanoma","volume":"58","author":"Johansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18522","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.30.18522","article-title":"Direct interaction of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase and caveolin-1 inhibits synthase activity","volume":"272","author":"Ju","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4642","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094642","article-title":"The chemistry of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revisited: outlining their role in biological macromolecules (DNA, lipids and proteins) and induced pathologies","volume":"22","author":"Juan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3400549","article-title":"CAT2-mediated l-arginine transport and nitric oxide production in activated macrophages","author":"Kakuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6008","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20236008","article-title":"Cytokines in inflammatory disease","volume":"20","author":"Kany","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3AB0214-082R","article-title":"Granulocyte functions are independent of arginine availability","volume":"96","author":"Kapp","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3076","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.5.3076","article-title":"Characterization of the human endothelial nitric-oxide synthase promoter","volume":"274","author":"Karantzoulis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1671","article-title":"Toll-like receptor-induced arginase 1 in macrophages thwarts effective immunity against intracellular pathogens","volume":"9","author":"El Kasmi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1400533","article-title":"The impact of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and mesenchymal stem cell-derived IL-6 on neurological conditions","volume":"15","author":"Kerkis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071679","article-title":"The effects of oral L-Arginine and L-citrulline supplementation on blood pressure","volume":"11","author":"Khalaf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031204","article-title":"Advances in the regulation of inflammatory mediators in nitric oxide synthase: implications for disease modulation and therapeutic approaches","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00067","article-title":"Impact of l-Arginine metabolism on immune response and anticancer immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2301.01005","article-title":"Understanding the roles of host defense peptides in immune modulation: from antimicrobial action to potential as adjuvants","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702039","article-title":"Cytokine induction of NO synthase II in human DLD-1 cells: roles of the JAK-STAT, AP-1 and NF-kappaB-signaling pathways","volume":"125","author":"Kleinert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2010.02.004","article-title":"Shear stress promotes nitric oxide production in endothelial cells by sub-cellular delocalization of eNOS: a basis for shear stress-mediated angiogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Kolluru","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib166","first-page":"137","article-title":"Nitric oxide-based protein modification: formation and site-specificity of protein S-nitrosylation","volume":"4","author":"Kovacs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010056","article-title":"Human nitric oxide synthase\u2014its functions, polymorphisms, and inhibitors in the context of inflammation, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"22","author":"Kr\u00f3l","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051641","article-title":"Transcriptional and metabolomic analysis of L-Arg\/NO pathway in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"21","author":"Krzystek-Korpacka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8205","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098205","article-title":"The effectiveness of L-arginine in clinical conditions associated with hypoxia","volume":"24","author":"Kurhaluk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8205","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098205","article-title":"The effectiveness of L-Arginine in clinical conditions associated with hypoxia","volume":"24","author":"Kurhaluk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17040665","article-title":"L-Arginine and nitric oxide in vascular regulation\u2014experimental findings in the context of blood donation","volume":"17","author":"Kurhaluk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.14.110","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of erectile dysfunction: navigating into uncharted waters","volume":"15","author":"Lacchini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2012.11.018","article-title":"Altered functions of natural killer cells in response to ArgArg availability","volume":"280","author":"Lamas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607100024005280","article-title":"Arginine supplementation is well tolerated but does not enhance mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in elderly nursing home residents with pressure ulcers","volume":"24","author":"Langkamp-Henken","year":"2000","journal-title":"JPEN - J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.9.1282","article-title":"Endothelial regulation of vasomotion in apoE-deficient mice: implications for interactions between peroxynitrite and tetrahydrobiopterin","volume":"103","author":"Laursen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuac070","article-title":"Arginine metabolism regulates the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"81","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.03.029","article-title":"L-Arginine induces antioxidant response to prevent oxidative stress via stimulation of glutathione synthesis and activation of the Nrf2 pathway","volume":"115","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.10.2837S","article-title":"Arginine and cancer","volume":"134","author":"Lind","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04291007","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease results from advanced glycation end products (AGE)-Mediated inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase through RAGE activation","volume":"3","author":"Linden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C780","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00153.2023","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase activity mediates TNF-\u03b1-induced endothelial cell dysfunction","volume":"325","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117585","article-title":"Physiological and tumor-associated angiogenesis: key factors and therapy tL-Arginineeting VEGF\/VEGFR pathway","volume":"180","author":"Lorenc","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02921-8","article-title":"Cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1) promotes fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion by taking up L-arginine in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5323","DOI":"10.2741\/3084","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress and nitric oxide in atherothrombosis","volume":"13","author":"Lubos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1417981","article-title":"Role of the eNOS uncoupling and the nitric oxide metabolic pathway in the pathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases","volume":"2020","author":"\u0141uczak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210790232121","article-title":"Targeting the L-Arginine-nitric oxide pathway for cancer treatment","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04541-0","article-title":"Cellular and humoral peritoneal immunity to mesocestoides vogae metacestode infection in mice","volume":"14","author":"Ma\u010dak Kuba\u0161kov\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6691","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28186691","article-title":"Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and post-translational modifications in the development of central nervous system diseases: implications and regulation","volume":"28","author":"Maccallini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.4.2085","article-title":"CD11b+\/Gr-1+ myeloid suppressor cells cause T cell dysfunction after traumatic stress","author":"Makarenkova","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2006.15.6.26923","article-title":"Do malnutrition and nutritional supplementation have an effect on the wound healing process?","volume":"15","author":"Mandal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4706","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224706","article-title":"L-Arginine and lysine supplementation potentiates the beneficial \u03b2-hydroxy \u03b2-methyl butyrate (HMB) effects on skeletal muscle in a rat model of diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Manzano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12111954","article-title":"Resveratrol and its derivatives in inflammatory skin disorders\u2014Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis: a review","volume":"12","author":"Marko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/oxygen2020006","article-title":"Free radical properties, source and targets, antioxidant consumption, and health","volume":"2","author":"Martemucci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxygen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-03828-4","article-title":"Arginine-dependent immune responses","volume":"78","author":"Mart\u00ed I L\u00edndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.3.977","article-title":"Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in induction of nitric oxide synthase","author":"Martin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300113","article-title":"Microenvironments in tuberculous granulomas are delineated by distinct populations of macrophage subsets and expression of nitric oxide synthase and arginase isoforms","volume":"191","author":"Mattila","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.2.689","article-title":"Myeloid suppressor lines inhibit T cell responses by an NO-dependent mechanism","volume":"168","author":"Mazzoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib206","first-page":"2209","article-title":"The impact of arginase activity on neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on Alzheimer's disease","volume":"36","author":"Meier-Stephenson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0898-3","article-title":"Effect of L-citrulline supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"20","author":"Mirenayat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.111641","article-title":"17\u03b2-estradiol antagonizes the down-regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase and GTP cyclohydrolase I by high glucose: relevance to postmenopausal diabetic cardiovascular disease","volume":"320","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250436","article-title":"Reciprocal regulation of the nitric oxide synthase\/arginase balance in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages by Th1 and Th2 cytokines","author":"Modolell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.02.004","article-title":"Amino acid metabolism as a drug target in autoimmune diseases","volume":"18","author":"Mondanelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.122.001149","article-title":"L-Arginine enhances the effects of cardiac rehabilitation on physical performance: new insights for managing cardiovascular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"381","author":"Mone","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4699","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI77378","article-title":"Helminth-induced arginase-1 exacerbates lung inflammation and disease severity in tuberculosis","volume":"125","author":"Monin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmz080","article-title":"A comparison of contemporary versus older studies of aspirin for primary prevention","volume":"37","author":"Moriarty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fam. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579S","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.226621","article-title":"Arginine metabolism revisited","volume":"146","author":"Morris","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.1.81","article-title":"Dysregulated arginine metabolism, hemolysis-associated pulmonary hypertension, and mortality in sickle cell disease","volume":"294","author":"Morris","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1006\/pupt.2001.0297","article-title":"Concomitant down-regulation of L-arginine transport and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in rat alveolar macrophages by the polyamine spermine","author":"M\u00f6ssner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12195","article-title":"Cilostazol exerts antiplatelet and antiinflammatory effects through AMPK activation and NF-kB inhibition on hypercholesterolemic rats","volume":"30","author":"da Motta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2017.05.006","article-title":"Pathogenesis of human systemic lupus erythematosus: a cellular perspective","volume":"23","author":"Moulton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00291.x","article-title":"Arginase: an emerging key player in the mammalian immune system","volume":"158","author":"Munder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-11-010389","article-title":"Suppression of T-cell functions by human granulocyte arginase","volume":"108","author":"Munder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000093190.53478.78","article-title":"Angiogenesis induced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene through vascular endothelial growth factor expression in a rat hindlimb ischemia model","volume":"108","author":"Namba","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.62.6.805","article-title":"Modulation of human neutrophil inflammatory responses by nitric oxide: studies in unprimed and LPS-Primed cells","author":"Nath","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.710111","article-title":"Endothelial cilia are fluid shear sensors that regulate calcium signaling and nitric oxide production through polycystin-1","volume":"117","author":"Nauli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112840","article-title":"Arginase: an emerging and promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment","volume":"149","author":"Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(96)04199-7","article-title":"A cohort of supporting metabolic enzymes is coinduced with nitric oxide synthase in human tumor cell lines","volume":"103","author":"Nussler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200103000-00014","article-title":"Arginase I expression and activity in human mononuclear cells after injury","volume":"233","author":"Ochoa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1177\/0115426504019003216","article-title":"A rational use of immune-enhancing diets: when should we use dietary arginine supplementation?","volume":"19","author":"Ochoa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib232","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in acute and long standing COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. Vasc","volume":"144","author":"Oikonomou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/227398a0","article-title":"Effect of arginine deficiency on synthesis of DNA and immunoglobulin receptor of Burkitt lymphoma cells","volume":"227","author":"Osunkoya","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib234","article-title":"Exploring the medicinal significance of Arg-mediated nitric oxide in preventing health disorders","volume":"12","author":"Oyovwi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b00033","article-title":"Ciliotherapy: remote control of primary cilia movement and function by magnetic nanoparticles","volume":"13","author":"Pala","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.8b04138","article-title":"Personalized nanotherapy by specifically targeting cell organelles to improve vascular hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Pala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10271","article-title":"Mechanisms of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) inhibitor-associated hypertension and vascular disease","volume":"71","author":"Pandey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002464","article-title":"Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection","volume":"8","author":"Pawlowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030256","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction: redox imbalance, NLRP3 inflammasome, and inflammatory responses in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"14","author":"Penna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib240","article-title":"Arginase-1-expressing macrophages suppress Th2 cytokine-driven inflammation and fibrosis","author":"Peranzoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2018.01.046","article-title":"Research of novel anticancer agents targeting arginase inhibition","volume":"23","author":"Pham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4608","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1301","article-title":"GPRC6A mediates the effects of L-Arginine on insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic islets","volume":"153","author":"Pi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.703465","article-title":"A novel oral arginase 1\/2 inhibitor enhances the antitumor effect of PD-1 inhibition in murine experimental gliomas by altering the immunosuppressive environment","volume":"11","author":"Pilanc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080752","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease as oxidative stress- and inflammatory-mediated cardiovascular disease","volume":"9","author":"Podkowi\u0144ska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665107005253","article-title":"Nutritional interventions in critical illness","volume":"66","author":"Powell-Tuck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00347","article-title":"Post-translational regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelium","volume":"4","author":"Qian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.07.012","article-title":"Sustained generation of nitric oxide and control of mycobacterial infection requires argininosuccinate synthase 1","volume":"12","author":"Qualls","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12344","article-title":"Augmented endothelial-specific L-arginine transport prevents obesity-induced hypertension","volume":"212","author":"Rajapakse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1231","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00557.2012","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1: regulation of renal function and blood pressure","volume":"304","author":"Ramseyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib250","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and its relation in different disorders: recent update","volume":"7","author":"Ray","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2419412","article-title":"Arginase: biological and therapeutic implications in diabetes mellitus and its complications","volume":"2022","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.3.1232","article-title":"L-arginine consumption by macrophages modulates the expression of CD3 zeta chain in T lymphocytes","volume":"171","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-06-031856","article-title":"l-Arginine availability regulates T-lymphocyte cell-cycle progression","volume":"109","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9191","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179191","article-title":"Hypoxia pathway proteins and their impact on the blood vasculature","volume":"22","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.12.013","article-title":"Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders","volume":"55","author":"Rohm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030975","article-title":"Effect of a food for special medical purposes for muscle recovery, consisting of L-Arginine, glutamine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on body composition and skin health in overweight and Obese class I sedentary postmenopausal women","volume":"13","author":"Rondanelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1109737","article-title":"Exocytosis of azurophil and arginase 1-containing granules by activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils is required to inhibit T lymphocyte proliferation","author":"Rotondo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082359","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease, from biology to clinical outcomes: a 2020 update","volume":"9","author":"Roumeliotis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.4.2173","article-title":"Cutting edge: Stat6-dependent substrate depletion regulates nitric oxide production","volume":"166","author":"Rutschman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib338","first-page":"101846","article-title":"L-arginine supplement ameliorates dichlorvos-induced systemic inflammatory response and liver dysfunction in male Wistar rats","author":"Saka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3923\/tasr.2024.180.198","article-title":"Synergistic effects of L-arginine and metformin on oxidative stress, inflammation and glucometabolic enzymes in diabetic rats","volume":"19","author":"Saka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Appl. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117136","article-title":"L-arginine attenuates dichlorvos-induced testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats by suppressing oxidative stress-dependent activation of caspase 3-mediated apoptosis","volume":"178","author":"Saka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.4236\/ojapps.2024.147123","article-title":"L-arginine supplementation mitigates dichlorvos-induced haematocardiotoxicity, and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats","volume":"14","author":"Saka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open J. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.65020895.x","article-title":"Parallel induction of nitric oxide and tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis by cytokines in rat glial cells","author":"Sakai","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.016","article-title":"Regulation of obesity and insulin resistance by nitric oxide","volume":"73","author":"Sansbury","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106479","article-title":"Beneficial effects of vitamin C and L-Arginine in the treatment of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19","volume":"185","author":"Santulli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14490","article-title":"Supplementation of l-arginine boosts the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer chemoimmunotherapy","volume":"111","author":"Satoh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.20328","article-title":"The potential of nitric oxide releasing therapies as antimicrobial agents","volume":"3","author":"Schairer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061995","article-title":"Oxidative stress and new pathogenetic mechanisms in endothelial dysfunction: potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic TL-Arginineets","volume":"9","author":"Scioli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C803","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00457.2005","article-title":"Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression","volume":"291","author":"Searles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/582060","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy: vascular and inflammatory disease","volume":"2015","author":"Semeraro","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2005.07.005","article-title":"Myeloid suppressor cells in cancer: recruitment, phenotype, properties, and mechanisms of immune suppression","author":"Serafini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-6621","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote cross-tolerance in B-cell lymphoma by expanding regulatory T cells","author":"Serafini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12010147","article-title":"Role of dietary polyphenols in the activity and expression of nitric oxide synthases: a review","volume":"12","author":"Serreli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01165","article-title":"eNOS at a glance","volume":"117","author":"Sessa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-022-00695-x","article-title":"Role of interleukin-6-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: focus on the available therapeutic approaches and gut microbiome","volume":"17","author":"Shahini","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cell Commun. Signal."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2017.1265505","article-title":"Post-translational regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase: implications for sympathoexcitatory states","volume":"21","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11030543","article-title":"Oxidative stress, vascular endothelium, and the pathology of neurodegeneration in retina","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24081583","article-title":"Oxidative stress: a key modulator in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"24","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-012-1341-8","article-title":"The L-\u03b1-Amino acid receptor GPRC6A is expressed in the islets of Langerhans but is not involved in L-L-Arginine-Induced insulin release","volume":"44","author":"Smajilovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.134825","article-title":"Time-dependent effects of low-dose aspirin on plasma renin activity, aldosterone, cortisol, and catecholamines","volume":"54","author":"Snoep","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02736.x","article-title":"Redox factor-1 mediates NF-kappaB nuclear translocation for LPS-Induced iNOS expression in murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7","volume":"124","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v7.i3.353","article-title":"Overview of cytokines and nitric oxide involvement in immuno-pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"7","author":"Soufli","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Pharmacol. Therapeut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45040231","article-title":"Regulated arginine metabolism in immunopathogenesis of a wide range of diseases: is there a way to pass between Scylla and Charybdis?","volume":"45","author":"Starikova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/011542650502000152","article-title":"Arginine supplementation and wound healing","volume":"20","author":"Stechmiller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp091","article-title":"Valsartan regulates the interaction of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase via Src\/PI3K\/Akt signalling","volume":"82","author":"Su","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.745061","article-title":"Interleukin-6: a novel TL-Arginineet for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases","volume":"12","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4771","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094771","article-title":"Nitric oxide as a target for phytochemicals in anti-neuroinflammatory prevention therapy","volume":"22","author":"Subedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701041","article-title":"Metabolic barriers to T cell function in tumors","volume":"200","author":"Sugiura","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-021-00799-y","article-title":"Dysregulation of nitric oxide synthases during early and late pathophysiological conditions of diabetes mellitus leads to amassing of microvascular impediment","volume":"20","author":"Suresh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14050961","article-title":"The potential of L-arginine in prevention and treatment of disturbed carbohydrate and lipid metabolism\u2014A review","volume":"14","author":"Szlas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14050961","article-title":"The potential of L-Arginine in prevention and treatment of disturbed carbohydrate and lipid metabolism\u2014A review","volume":"14","author":"Szlas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016295","article-title":"IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease","volume":"6","author":"Tanaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26451","article-title":"The role of melanoma tumor-derived nitric oxide in the tumor inflammatory microenvironment: its impact on the chemokine expression profile, including suppression of CXCL10","volume":"131","author":"Tanese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(02)00284-6","article-title":"L-Arginine","volume":"56","author":"Tapiero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00036.2017","article-title":"Sources of vascular nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species and their regulation","volume":"99","author":"Tejero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12027","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2482","article-title":"Melanoma-initiating cells exploit M2 macrophage TGF-beta and arginase pathway for survival and proliferation","volume":"5","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6017","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109107200","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide activates endothelial nitric-oxide synthase through coordinated phosphorylation and dephosphorylation via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent signaling pathway","volume":"277","author":"Thomas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4535194","article-title":"Pathomechanisms of oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel disease and potential antioxidant therapies","volume":"2017","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557043403305","article-title":"Cellular and physiological effects of arginine","volume":"4","author":"Tong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib304","first-page":"153","article-title":"Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the cardiovascular system: in physiology and in disease states","volume":"15","author":"Tran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Biomed. Sci. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01091-z","article-title":"Acute effects of citrulline supplementation on high-intensity strength and power performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Trexler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106702","article-title":"Beneficial effects of L-arginine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19: new insights from a randomized clinical trial","volume":"191","author":"Trimarco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib307","article-title":"Surgery induces human mononuclear cell arginase 1 expression","author":"Tsuei","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.655477","article-title":"A tale of two immune cells in rheumatoid arthritis: the crosstalk between macrophages and T cells in the synovium","volume":"12","author":"Tu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.559161","article-title":"Combination strategies to augment immune checkpoint inhibitors efficacy - implications for translational research","volume":"11","author":"Varayathu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2021.0136","article-title":"Tetrahydrobiopterin in cell function and death mechanisms","volume":"37","author":"Vasquez-Vivar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413402","article-title":"Subcellular localization guides eNOS function","volume":"25","author":"Villadangos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112324","article-title":"Indications of persistent glycocalyx damage in convalescent COVID-19 patients: a prospective multicenter study and hypothesis","volume":"13","author":"Vollenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020395","article-title":"Nutrition in sepsis: a bench-to-bedside review","volume":"12","author":"De Waele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.09.006","article-title":"Amino acids and their transporters in T cell immunity and cancer therapy","volume":"80","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.05.009","article-title":"AT1-receptor blockade by telmisartan upregulates GTP-cyclohydrolase I and protects eNOS in diabetic rats","volume":"45","author":"Wenzel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000198543.34502.d7","article-title":"Knockdown of arginase I restores NO signaling in the vasculature of old rats","author":"White","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(00)00056-3","article-title":"Arginine metabolism and the synthesis of nitric oxide in the nervous system","volume":"64","author":"Wiesinger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7031426","article-title":"Arginine and citrulline and the immune response in sepsis","volume":"7","author":"Wijnands","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1010550","article-title":"Nitric oxide and redox mechanisms in the immune response","volume":"89","author":"Wink","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"issue":"331","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aae0482","article-title":"Arginase-1-dependent promotion of TH17 differentiation and disease progression by MDSCs in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib324","series-title":"Amino Acid Nutrition and Health: Gene Expression, Metabolic Regulation, and Exercise Performance","first-page":"167","article-title":"Role of L-Arginine in nitric oxide synthesis and health in humans","author":"Wu","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13121540","article-title":"From adipose to ailing kidneys: the role of lipid metabolism in obesity-related chronic kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3109\/10799893.2010.513991","article-title":"Protein tyrosine nitration in cellular signal transduction pathways","volume":"30","author":"Yakovlev","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00149","article-title":"Arginase: the emerging therapeutic target for vascular oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2014.03.004","article-title":"Sp1 modification of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoter increases the hypoxia-stimulated activity","volume":"93","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib331","first-page":"1952","article-title":"A novel combination therapy of arginine deiminase and an arginase inhibitor targeting arginine metabolism in the tumor and immune microenvironment","volume":"13","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01607","article-title":"Chronic adipose tissue inflammation linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Zatterale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20080196","article-title":"Role of TNF-alpha in vascular dysfunction","volume":"116","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.14-140","article-title":"L-Arginine administration attenuates airway inflammation by altering l-arginine metabolism in an NC\/Nga mouse model of asthma","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615_bib336","article-title":"L-Arginine ameliorates high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis by downregulating MiR-221","volume":"2020","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299925003693?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299925003693?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T12:17:41Z","timestamp":1745842661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299925003693"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":292,"alternative-id":["S0014299925003693"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"L-Arginine and immune modulation: A pharmacological perspective on inflammation and autoimmune disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177615","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"177615"}}