{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T13:42:40Z","timestamp":1793540560258,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T19:17:05Z","timestamp":1744917425000},"page":"177647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Blocking hippocampal voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3\u00a0by dalfampridine abrogates cognitive impairment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"998","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3879-7022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba Nasr","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia A.","family":"Nawwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7373-8354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmin AM.","family":"El-Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-021-01447-6","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of telmisartan and nifedipine against cuprizone-induced demyelination and behavioral dysfunction in mice: roles of NF-\u03baB and Nrf 2","volume":"44","author":"Abd El Aziz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib83","first-page":"13821","article-title":"Wortmannin, PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor, attenuates thyroid injury associated with severe acute pancreatitis in rats","volume":"8","author":"Abliz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121040","article-title":"Insights into the role of P2X7R\/DUSP6\/ERK1\/2 and SIRT2\/MDM2 signaling in the nephroprotective effect of berberine against cisplatin-induced renal fibrosis in rats","volume":"309","author":"Ahmedy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-00956-6","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of liraglutide in an experimental mouse model of multiple sclerosis: role of AMPK\/SIRT1 signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"30","author":"Ammar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17414","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605136103","article-title":"Kv1.3 channels are a therapeutic target for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases","volume":"103","author":"Beeton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.11.016","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3): regulation, actions, and diseases","volume":"148","author":"Beurel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00695-2","article-title":"Actinomycin D-induced apoptosis involves the potassium channel Kv1.3","volume":"295","author":"Bock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.03.007","article-title":"Evidence of demyelination in mild cognitive impairment and dementia using a direct and specific magnetic resonance imaging measure of myelin content","volume":"14","author":"Bouhrara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer\u2019s Association"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-018-2509-8","article-title":"Voltage gated potassium channel Kv1.3 is upregulated on activated astrocytes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"43","author":"Bozic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2017.02.015","article-title":"Peptide blockers of K v 1.3 channels in T cells as therapeutics for autoimmune disease","volume":"38","author":"Chandy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01302.x","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS)","volume":"164","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib14","series-title":"Handbook of Histopathological and Histochemical Techniques: including Museum Techniques","author":"Culling","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-015-9446-7","article-title":"Creatine, similarly to ketamine, affords antidepressant-like effects in the tail suspension test via adenosine A1 and A2A receptor activation","volume":"11","author":"Cunha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal. Jun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000976","article-title":"Neuroprotective properties of 4-Aminopyridine","volume":"8","author":"Dietrich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa062","article-title":"Protective effects of 4-aminopyridine in experimental optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis","volume":"143","author":"Dietrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain: J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2023.02.066","article-title":"Potassium channels at the crossroads of neuroinflammation and myelination in experimental models of multiple sclerosis","volume":"653","author":"ELBini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaa078","article-title":"Alogliptin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in mice through modulation of TLR4\/MYD88\/NF-\u03baB and miRNA-155\/SOCS-1 signaling pathways","volume":"24","author":"El-Sahar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2174\/157015910792246218","article-title":"Chronic progressive multiple sclerosis \u2013 pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and therapeutic strategies","volume":"8","author":"Fitzner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7139","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1251-05.2005","article-title":"Microglia Kv1.3 channels contribute to their ability to kill neurons","volume":"25","author":"Fordyce","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci.: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11652","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2490-06.2006","article-title":"Broad-spectrum effects of 4-aminopyridine to modulate amyloid beta1-42-induced cell signaling and functional responses in human microglia","volume":"26","author":"Franciosi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci.: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8953","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0219-10.2010","article-title":"Elevated phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in glia triggers cell-autonomous membrane wrapping and myelination","volume":"30","author":"Goebbels","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci.: Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-016-9551-2","article-title":"Signaling pathways underlying the antidepressant-like effect of inosine in mice","volume":"13","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-05-01869.2000","article-title":"Expression of Kv1 potassium channels in mouse hippocampal primary cultures: development and activity-dependent regulation","volume":"20","author":"Grosse","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci.: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.280319","article-title":"Human equivalent dose of oral 4-aminopyridine differentiates nerve crush injury from transection injury and improves post-injury function in mice","volume":"15","author":"Hsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Regeneration Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.07063.x","article-title":"Involvement of the 4\u2010aminopyridine\u2010sensitive transient a\u2010type K + current in macrophage\u2010induced neuronal injury","volume":"31","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.000147","article-title":"Dalfampridine improves sensorimotor function in rats with chronic deficits after middle cerebral artery occlusion","volume":"44","author":"Iaci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111481","article-title":"The preferential effect of clemastine on F3\/Contactin-1\/Notch-1 compared to Jagged-1\/Notch-1 justifies its remyelinating effect in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis in rats","volume":"128","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.10.006","article-title":"Potassium channel blockers in multiple sclerosis: neuronal Kv channels and effects of symptomatic treatment","volume":"111","author":"Judge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517694432","article-title":"New insights into the burden and costs of multiple sclerosis in Europe","volume":"23","author":"Kobelt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2009.113","article-title":"Kv1.1 and Kv1.3 channels contribute to the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve transection in vivo","volume":"17","author":"Koeberle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.559","article-title":"Dalfampridine effects on cognition, fatigue, and dexterity","volume":"7","author":"Korsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain and Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.05.018","article-title":"Blocking Kv1.3 potassium channels prevents postoperative neuroinflammation and cognitive decline without impairing wound healing in mice","volume":"125","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib39","article-title":"Activation of CNR1\/PI3K\/AKT pathway by tanshinone IIA protects hippocampal neurons and ameliorates sleep deprivation-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20496","article-title":"IGF-1 stimulates de novo fatty acid biosynthesis by Schwann cells during myelination","volume":"55","author":"Liang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx346","article-title":"Kv1.3 inhibition as a potential microglia-targeted therapy for Alzheimer's disease: preclinical proof of concept","volume":"141","author":"Maezawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain: J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-007-9024-8","article-title":"Polarity development in oligodendrocytes: Sorting and trafficking of myelin components","volume":"35","author":"Maier","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci.: MN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.714841","article-title":"Kv1.3 channel Up-Regulation in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Markakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib43","first-page":"8","article-title":"[memory disorders in multiple sclerosis]","volume":"110","author":"Meshkova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.640084","article-title":"MANF is neuroprotective in early stages of EAE, and elevated in spinal white matter by treatment with dexamethasone","volume":"15","author":"Nam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib46","article-title":"The role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in multiple sclerosis","volume":"132","author":"Noori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6724","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5520-03.2004","article-title":"Opposing extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt pathways control Schwann cell myelination","volume":"24","author":"Ogata","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci.: Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-023-01387-z","article-title":"Peripheral administration of the Kv1.3-Blocking peptide HsTX1[R14A] improves cognitive performance in senescence accelerated SAMP8 mice","volume":"20","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics: The Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)39300-0","article-title":"Role of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors in the anorexic syndrome induced by CRF","volume":"293","author":"Pelleymounter","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.302.1.145","article-title":"Pharmacological evidence supporting a role for central corticotropin-releasing factor (2) receptors in behavioral, but not endocrine, response to environmental stress","volume":"302","author":"Pelleymounter","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib77","article-title":"Structural basis for voltage gating and dalfampridine binding in the Shaker potassium channel","author":"Pinto-Anwandter","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv [Preprint]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci3040048","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: an update on assessment and management","volume":"3","author":"Portaccio","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroSci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141704","article-title":"Potassium channel Kv1.3 is highly expressed by microglia in human Alzheimer's disease","volume":"44","author":"Rangaraju","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheim. Dis.: JAD"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13301","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2779-14.2014","article-title":"Dissociated signals in human dentate gyrus and CA3 predict different facets of recognition memory","volume":"34","author":"Reagh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci.: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56245-w","article-title":"Structure-activity relationship studies of four novel 4-aminopyridine K+ channel blockers","volume":"10","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rangel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109647","article-title":"Semaglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, amends experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-induced multiple sclerosis in mice: involvement of the PI3K\/Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2 pathway","volume":"115","author":"Sadek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.08.046","article-title":"Quetiapine mitigates the neuroinflammation and oligodendrocyte loss in the brain of C57BL\/6 mouse following cuprizone exposure for one week","volume":"765","author":"Shao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320312459977","article-title":"Attenuating effect of lisinopril and telmisartan in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced experimental dementia of alzheimer's disease type: possible involvement of PPAR-\u03b3 agonistic property","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Syst. JRAAS"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14861","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804236105","article-title":"Mitochondrial potassium channel Kv1.3 mediates Bax-induced apoptosis in lymphocytes","volume":"105","author":"Szab\u00f3","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0000000000000130","article-title":"Changes in cognitive processing speed, mood, and fatigue in an observational study of persons with multiple sclerosis treated with Dalfampridine-ER","volume":"39","author":"Triche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201506035","article-title":"4-Aminopyridine promotes functional recovery and remyelination in acute peripheral nerve injury","volume":"8","author":"Tseng","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2016.3804","article-title":"PI3K inhibitor LY294002, as opposed to wortmannin, enhances AKT phosphorylation in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib72","first-page":"7835","article-title":"Phosphoinositide 3\u2011kinase\/protein kinase B regulates inflammation severity via signaling of Toll\u2011like receptor 4 in severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib64","series-title":"PHD Study of the Central Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor System Using the 2-Deoxyglucose Method for Measurement of Local Cerebral Glucose Utilisation","author":"Warnock","year":"2007"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111638","article-title":"The importance of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in neuroinflammation","volume":"25","author":"Wright","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib81","first-page":"1538","article-title":"Mechanisms of Resistance to PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer","volume":"13","author":"Wright","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adaptive Responses, Drug Tolerance and Cellular Plasticity. Cancers"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib65","first-page":"351","article-title":"[A case of primary progressive multiple sclerosis with onset of memory impairment]","volume":"45","author":"Yamashita","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku = Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.112988","article-title":"Blockade of voltage-gated potassium channels ameliorates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction in vivo and in vitro","volume":"320","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib82","article-title":"Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinease suppresses formation and progression of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314693","article-title":"Blockade of Kv1.3 potassium channel inhibits microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in epilepsy","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7051749","article-title":"Toxins targeting the Kv1.3 channel: potential immunomodulators for autoimmune diseases","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299925004017?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299925004017?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T04:33:03Z","timestamp":1762144383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299925004017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["S0014299925004017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Blocking hippocampal voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3\u00a0by dalfampridine abrogates cognitive impairment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177647","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"177647"}}