{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T23:17:34Z","timestamp":1788218254310,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022600","name":"Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108-wf-eva-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108-wf-eva-14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 111-2314-B-038 -027 -MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 111-2314-B-038 -027 -MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:54:50Z","timestamp":1750208090000},"page":"177858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Calcitriol deficiency reduces myocardial ATP production with disturbed mitochondrial dynamics and increased uncoupling protein 2 expression"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7058-2868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting-Wei","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-I","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5735-6249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Higa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hsun","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7224-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-014-9457-4","article-title":"Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and uncoupling proteins in the failing heart","volume":"20","author":"Akhmedov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.05.027","article-title":"Relation of vitamin D deficiency to cardiovascular risk factors, disease status, and incident events in a general healthcare population","volume":"106","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C536","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00568.2019","article-title":"The vitamin D receptor regulates mitochondrial function in C2C12 myoblasts","volume":"318","author":"Ashcroft","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2022.07.029","article-title":"Reduced cardiac muscle power with low ATP simulating heart failure","volume":"121","author":"Beard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02160-5","article-title":"Absolute concentrations of high-energy phosphate metabolites in normal, hypertrophied, and failing human myocardium measured noninvasively with (31)P-SLOOP magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"40","author":"Beer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-017-0355-7","article-title":"Vitamin D and heart failure","volume":"14","author":"Brinkley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Heart Fail. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.23444","article-title":"1\u03b1,25(OH)2D3-dependent modulation of akt in proliferating and differentiating C2C12 skeletal muscle cells","volume":"113","author":"Buitrago","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E87","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00457.2019","article-title":"A pipeline for multidimensional confocal analysis of mitochondrial morphology, function, and dynamics in pancreatic \u03b2-cells","volume":"318","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp181","article-title":"Mitochondrial OPA1, apoptosis, and heart failure","volume":"84","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13322","article-title":"MicroRNA-133 suppresses ZFHX3-dependent atrial remodelling and arrhythmia","volume":"227","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1070808","article-title":"Global and regional prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in population-based studies from 2000 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 7.9 million participants","volume":"10","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz049","article-title":"Protection against pressure overload-induced right heart failure by uncoupling protein 2 silencing","volume":"115","author":"Esfandiary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15068","article-title":"The role of mitochondrial dynamics in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"178","author":"Forte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R969","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00322.2013","article-title":"Vitamin D and the heart","volume":"305","author":"Gardner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.48204","article-title":"Deletion of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 exacerbates mitochondrial damage in mice subjected to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury under both Normo- and hyperglycemic conditions","volume":"16","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12060877","article-title":"Spike protein impairs mitochondrial function in human cardiomyocytes: mechanisms underlying cardiac injury in COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Huynh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1159\/000430142","article-title":"Inhibition of uncoupling protein 2 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction in mice","volume":"36","author":"Ji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib18","first-page":"193","article-title":"The effect of vitamin D treatment on decreased levels of ATP and energy charge in the thoracic aorta of uraemic rats","volume":"70","author":"Krog","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030552","article-title":"Alterations in glucose metabolism during the transition to heart failure: the contribution of UCP-2","author":"Kutsche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3349","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.230185","article-title":"Biomarkers of mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle of healthy young human subjects","volume":"590","author":"Larsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186483","article-title":"Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease, with emphasis on hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Latic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.604700","article-title":"Vitamin D attenuates Ischemia\/reperfusion-induced cardiac injury by reducing mitochondrial fission and mitophagy","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2015.02.005","article-title":"Potential of vitamin D in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0156","article-title":"Effects of 6-month vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and secretion: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"181","author":"Lemieux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.025","article-title":"Mitochondrial quality control in the diabetic heart","volume":"95","author":"Liang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib26","article-title":"Downregulation of uncoupling protein 2(UCP2) mediated by MicroRNA-762 confers cardioprotection and participates in the regulation of dynamic mitochondrial homeostasis of dynamin related Protein1 (DRP1) after myocardial infarction in mice","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib27","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure and its therapeutic implications","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00241-8","article-title":"Mitochondrial pathology in cardiac failure","volume":"49","author":"Marin-Garcia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E585","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00093.2013","article-title":"Dysfunctional mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress in Akita(+\/Ins2)-derived \u03b2-cells","volume":"305","author":"Mitchell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.008476","article-title":"Myocardial contractile dysfunction is associated with impaired mitochondrial function and dynamics in type 2 diabetic but not in obese patients","volume":"130","author":"Montaigne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110084","article-title":"MicroRNA-452-5p regulates fibrogenesis via targeting TGF-\u03b2\/SMAD4 axis in SCN5A-knockdown human cardiac fibroblasts","volume":"27","author":"Mushtaq","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib32","article-title":"Insulin resistance is inversely associated with the status of vitamin D in both diabetic and non-diabetic populations","volume":"13","author":"Rafiq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab649","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and secretion in prediabetes","volume":"107","author":"Rasouli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2018.10.016","article-title":"Calcium, mitochondria and cell metabolism: a functional triangle in bioenergetics","volume":"1866","author":"Rossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081810","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and its impact on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of 80 randomized clinical trials","volume":"15","author":"Ruiz-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04246-3","article-title":"Vitamin D status modulates mitochondrial oxidative capacities in skeletal muscle: role in sarcopenia","volume":"5","author":"Salles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.157557","article-title":"Myocardial ATP depletion detected noninvasively predicts sudden cardiac death risk in patients with heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Samuel","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0255fje","article-title":"1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits uncoupling protein 2 expression in human adipocytes","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib39","first-page":"2735","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated HO-1\/CO represses Fis1 levels and alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative injury in alveolar macrophages","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.301319","article-title":"Uncoupling protein 2 impacts endothelial phenotype via p53-mediated control of mitochondrial dynamics","volume":"113","author":"Shimasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib41","first-page":"1339","article-title":"A phase I trial of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) in patients with advanced malignancy","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1600","article-title":"Dietary vitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) exhibit equivalent anticancer activity in mouse xenograft models of breast and prostate cancer","volume":"153","author":"Swami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1059","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00051.2008","article-title":"Calcitriol blunts the deleterious impact of advanced glycation end products on endothelial cells","volume":"294","author":"Talmor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.12.013","article-title":"Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) increases L-type calcium current via protein kinase A signaling and modulates calcium cycling and contractility in isolated mouse ventricular myocytes","volume":"14","author":"Tamayo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.0729","article-title":"Mammalian AKT, the emerging roles on mitochondrial function in diseases","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201899748","article-title":"Human Fis1 regulates mitochondrial dynamics through inhibition of the fusion machinery","volume":"38","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2008.00099.x","article-title":"Calcitriol and energy metabolism","volume":"66","author":"Zemel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065785","article-title":"The Drp1-Mediated mitochondrial fission protein interactome as an emerging core player in mitochondrial dynamics and cardiovascular disease therapy","volume":"24","author":"Zerihun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080326","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor-dependent 1 alpha,25(OH)2 vitamin D3-induced anti-apoptotic PI3K\/AKT signaling in osteoblasts","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299925006120?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299925006120?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T20:18:21Z","timestamp":1778876301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299925006120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0014299925006120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Calcitriol deficiency reduces myocardial ATP production with disturbed mitochondrial dynamics and increased uncoupling protein 2 expression","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177858","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"177858"}}