{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T14:47:07Z","timestamp":1784040427679,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004863","name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023JKZDZC06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JKZDZC06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004863","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005891","name":"State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GZY-ZJ-KJ-23023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZY-ZJ-KJ-23023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005891","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82474614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82474614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82274621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274621"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T14:59:44Z","timestamp":1752937184000},"page":"177960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Kinetics of thymic regeneration in female mice following short-term rapamycin administration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1003","author":[{"given":"Fengjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyuan","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiru","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xunuo","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingru","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7367-3500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaohuan","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5977-0021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianli","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8011","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-01274-3","article-title":"Hacking the immune system could slow ageing - here's how","volume":"629","author":"Abbott","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00927-0","article-title":"Author correction, A guide to thymic selection of T cells","volume":"23","author":"Ashby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0479-x","article-title":"Flip the coin, IL-7 and IL-7R in health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Barata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1310505","article-title":"Effects of low-dose rapamycin on lymphoid organs of mice prone and resistant to accelerated senescence","volume":"15","author":"Barros","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2016.6682","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics is linked to longevity and protects from end-organ injury, the emerging role of sirtuin 3","volume":"25","author":"Benigni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02109","article-title":"The chemokine receptor CXCR4 in cell proliferation and tissue regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Bianchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.16351","article-title":"Transient rapamycin treatment can increase lifespan and healthspan in middle-aged mice","volume":"5","author":"Bitto","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3534","article-title":"Thymus involution and regeneration, two sides of the same coin?","volume":"13","author":"Boehm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2017.07.045","article-title":"Directing T cell fate, how thymic antigen presenting cells coordinate thymocyte selection","volume":"84","author":"Breed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seminar. Cell Develop. Biol. SI, Antigen Present."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12418","article-title":"Thymus, the next (re)generation","volume":"271","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2000559","article-title":"mTOR regulation and therapeutic rejuvenation of aging hematopoietic stem cells","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-08985-y","article-title":"Role of thymosin \u03b11 in restoring immune response in immunological nonresponders living with HIV","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01526-9","article-title":"Polyploidy and mTOR signaling, a possible molecular link","volume":"22","author":"Choudhury","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43072-x","article-title":"The alarmin IL33 orchestrates type 2 immune-mediated control of thymus regeneration","volume":"14","author":"Cosway","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300623","article-title":"The cyclin D3 protein enforces monogenic TCR\u03b2 expression by mediating TCR\u03b2 protein-signaled feedback inhibition of V\u03b2 recombination","volume":"212","author":"Culberson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199610150-00019","article-title":"Effect of in vivo rapamycin treatment on de novo T-cell development in relation to induction of autoimmune-like immunopathology in the rat","volume":"62","author":"Damoiseaux","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.706244","article-title":"Thymus degeneration and regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Duah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101231","article-title":"Thymus involution sets the clock of the aging T-cell landscape, implications for declined immunity and tissue repair","volume":"65","author":"Elyahu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13028","article-title":"Reversal of epigenetic aging and immunosenescent trends in humans","volume":"18","author":"Fahy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.06.006","article-title":"Telomere length determines TERRA and R-Loop regulation through the cell cycle","volume":"170","author":"Graf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.013","article-title":"IL-7 promoted the development of thymic DN3 cells in aged mice via DNA demethylation of Bcl2 and c-Myc genes","volume":"147","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1701588","article-title":"Effective T cell regeneration following high-dose chemotherapy rescued with CD34+ cell enriched peripheral blood progenitor cells in children","volume":"23","author":"Heitger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46844-1","article-title":"p53 regulates diverse tissue-specific outcomes to endogenous DNA damage in mice","volume":"15","author":"Hill","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccmp.2022.100061","article-title":"Carya cathayensis leaf extract exerts estrogenic effects on hepatic lipogenesis and adipocytes differentiation in ovariectomized rats fed normal or high-fat diets","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinic. Complement. Med. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00278-w","article-title":"Long-lasting geroprotection from brief rapamycin treatment in early adulthood by persistently increased intestinal autophagy","volume":"2","author":"Juricic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01915-9","article-title":"Age-related epithelial defects limit thymic function and regeneration","volume":"25","author":"Kousa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2019.08.039","article-title":"Inhibition of T helper cell differentiation by tacrolimus or sirolimus results in reduced B-Cell activation, effects on T follicular helper cells","volume":"51","author":"Kraaijeveld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.4c00060","article-title":"Induction of thymus atrophy and disruption of thymocyte development by fipronil through dysregulation of IL-7-Associated genes","volume":"37","author":"Kuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12524","article-title":"Dietary rapamycin supplementation reverses age-related vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress, while modulating nutrient-sensing, cell cycle, and senescence pathways","volume":"16","author":"Lesniewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.2909","article-title":"IL-12 inhibits thymic involution by enhancing IL-7- and IL-2-induced thymocyte proliferation","volume":"172","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1376161","article-title":"MTOR signaling is essential for the development of thymic epithelial cells and the induction of central immune tolerance","volume":"14","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30192","article-title":"mTORC2 negatively controls the maturation process of medullary thymic epithelial cells by inhibiting the LT\u03b2R\/RANK-NF-\u03baB axis","volume":"236","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13671","article-title":"Age-related thymic involution, mechanisms and functional impact","volume":"21","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa630","article-title":"Thymosin alpha 1 reduces the mortality of severe coronavirus disease 2019 by restoration of lymphocytopenia and reversion of exhausted T cells","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01451-2","article-title":"Immunosenescence, molecular mechanisms and diseases","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.69982","article-title":"Thymocytes trigger self-antigen-controlling pathways in immature medullary thymic epithelial stages","volume":"11","author":"Lopes","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg8126","article-title":"Expression of the transcription factor Klf6 by thymic epithelial cells is required for thymus development","volume":"9","author":"Malin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201746922","article-title":"Thymic crosstalk restrains the pool of cortical thymic epithelial cells with progenitor properties","volume":"47","author":"Meireles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba2429","article-title":"The function of the thymus and its impact on modern medicine","volume":"369","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxaa069","article-title":"Selective expression of claudin-5 in thymic endothelial cells regulates the blood-thymus barrier and T-cell export","volume":"33","author":"Nagatake","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.2.645","article-title":"Effects of IL-7 on early human thymocyte progenitor cells in vitro and in SCID-hu Thy\/Liv mice","volume":"171","author":"Napolitano","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib44","article-title":"Non-epithelial thymic stromal cells, unsung heroes in thymus organogenesis and T cell development","volume":"11","author":"Nitta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12985","article-title":"The fibroblast, an emerging key player in thymic T cell selection","volume":"302","author":"Nitta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004","article-title":"mTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease","volume":"168","author":"Saxton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib47","article-title":"Recent advancements in regenerative approaches for thymus rejuvenation","volume":"8","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.02.083","article-title":"Identification and functional study of immortalized mouse thymic epithelial cells","volume":"525","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2021.10.006","article-title":"Rapamycin targets STAT3 and impacts c-Myc to suppress tumor growth","volume":"29","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.07.010","article-title":"The mechanisms of T cell selection in the thymus","volume":"38","author":"Takaba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-020-0173-8","article-title":"Contributions of age-related thymic involution to immunosenescence and inflammaging","volume":"17","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2024.106861","article-title":"Thymocyte migration and emigration","volume":"267","author":"Tong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01399","article-title":"Human thymic involution and aging in humanized mice","volume":"11","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11879-2","article-title":"Dynamic changes in epithelial cell morphology control thymic organ size during atrophy and regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Venables","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib55","article-title":"The role of IL-7 and IL-7R in cancer pathophysiology and immunotherapy","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105010","article-title":"CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 (Plerixafor), from an impurity to a therapeutic agent","volume":"159","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112207","article-title":"Research progress on sirtuins family members and cell senescence","volume":"193","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.04.029","article-title":"Modulation of dietary fat on the toxicological effects in thymus and spleen in BALB\/c mice exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate","volume":"204","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1159\/000484629","article-title":"mTOR as regulator of lifespan, aging, and cellular senescence, A mini-review","volume":"64","author":"Weichhart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib60","article-title":"Cytoskeleton proteins, the structural basis of T-lymphocyte and TEC restructure during rapid thymus regeneration","volume":"18897","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aal2736","article-title":"Production of BMP4 by endothelial cells is crucial for endogenous thymic regeneration","volume":"3","author":"Wertheimer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2012.00832.x","article-title":"Rapamycin slows aging in mice","volume":"11","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib63","first-page":"119","article-title":"Effects of low-dose rapamycin treatment on lung tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells of mice infected with influenza virus","volume":"35","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunolog. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-021-00172-w","article-title":"Metformin accelerates zebrafish heart regeneration by inducing autophagy","volume":"6","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155216","article-title":"Ligustilide prevents thymic immune senescence by regulating Thymosin \u03b215-dependent spatial distribution of thymic epithelial cells","volume":"123","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108744","article-title":"Metformin ameliorates thymus degeneration of mice by regulating mitochondrial function","volume":"108","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021088","article-title":"Thymosin \u03b24 regulates the differentiation of thymocytes by controlling the cytoskeletal rearrangement and mitochondrial transfer of Thymus epithelial cells","volume":"25","author":"Ying","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3014","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073014","article-title":"Thymus degeneration in women and the influence of female sexual hormones on thymic epithelial cells","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01778-w","article-title":"Mechanistic\/mammalian target of rapamycin and side effects of antipsychotics, insights into mechanisms and implications for therapy","volume":"12","author":"Zhuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299925007149?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299925007149?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T23:50:22Z","timestamp":1772754622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299925007149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S0014299925007149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Kinetics of thymic regeneration in female mice following short-term rapamycin administration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177960","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"177960"}}