{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T03:09:18Z","timestamp":1781665758280,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014764","name":"China International Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z-2014-08-2309-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z-2014-08-2309-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T06:23:09Z","timestamp":1758003789000},"page":"178163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Oral anticoagulant drugs and CNS-related hematomas: a pharmacovigilance analysis from the FAERS database"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1006","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2835-3601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shujuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02333-9","article-title":"Risk and management of bleeding complications with direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism: a narrative review","volume":"40","author":"Ballestri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050466","article-title":"A Bayesian neural network method for adverse drug reaction signal generation","volume":"54","author":"Bate","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-019-00775-z","article-title":"Apixaban: a clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic review","volume":"58","author":"Byon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32439-9","article-title":"Direct oral anticoagulants: evidence and unresolved issues","volume":"396","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.791285","article-title":"Major bleeding risk in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation concurrently taking direct oral anticoagulants and antidepressants","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacasi.2023.08.007","article-title":"Direct oral anticoagulant dosing in patients with atrial fibrillation: an Asian perspective","volume":"3","author":"Chao","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Asia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.2165\/11599740-000000000-00000","article-title":"A signal detection method to detect adverse drug reactions using a parametric time-to-event model in simulated cohort data","volume":"35","author":"Cornelius","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102712","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of warfarin management strategies: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Dhippayom","year":"2024","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.06.140","article-title":"Updates in chronic subdural hematoma: epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and outcome","volume":"141","author":"Feghali","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1160\/TH10-07-0491","article-title":"New-onset atrial fibrillation and warfarin initiation: high risk periods and implications for new antithrombotic drugs","volume":"104","author":"Garcia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"20","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e282","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000407","article-title":"2022 Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a Guideline from the American heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"53","author":"Greenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib13","article-title":"Association between different GLP-1 receptor agonists and acute pancreatitis: case series and real-world pharmacovigilance analysis","volume":"15","author":"Hui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E12","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/suy016","article-title":"Pharmacological properties of betrixaban","volume":"20","author":"Huisman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.030380","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in older patients with atrial fibrillation: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwab088","volume":"29","author":"Mazzolai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60243-4","article-title":"Pharmacology of antithrombotic drugs: an assessment of oral antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatments","volume":"386","author":"Mega","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2019.03.004","article-title":"A review of oral anticoagulants, old and new, in major bleeding and the need for urgent surgery","volume":"30","author":"Milling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1058","article-title":"The history of disproportionality measures (reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting rates) in spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions","volume":"14","author":"Moore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.124.050131","article-title":"Ultra-Early Hematoma expansion is associated with ongoing Hematoma growth and poor functional outcome","volume":"56","author":"Mutimer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-032823-122811","article-title":"Oral anticoagulants beyond warfarin","volume":"64","author":"Olie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.715878","article-title":"Use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review and Comparison of the International Guidelines","volume":"8","author":"Pastori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02126-7","article-title":"How do you manage ANTICOagulant therapy in neurosurgery? The ANTICO survey of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery (SINCH)","volume":"21","author":"Prior","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008755","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis from the ROCKET AF trial","volume":"7","author":"Quinn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.6048","article-title":"Data mining of the public version of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System","volume":"10","author":"Sakaeda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-013-0061-7","article-title":"Illustration of the weibull shape parameter signal detection tool using electronic healthcare record data","volume":"36","author":"Sauzet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e782","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006958","article-title":"Hematoma location and morphology of anticoagulation-associated intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"92","author":"Seiffge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09536-1","article-title":"Meta-analysis of haematoma volume, haematoma expansion and mortality in intracerebral haemorrhage associated with oral anticoagulant use","volume":"266","author":"Seiffge","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-010-0304-3","article-title":"Postoperative intracranial haemorrhage: a review","volume":"34","author":"Seifman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.11.032","article-title":"Perioperative management of vitamin K antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"163","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.08.033","article-title":"Apixaban vs rivaroxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation at high or low bleeding risk: a population-based cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Shurrab","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab065","article-title":"2021 European heart rhythm Association practical guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"23","author":"Steffel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e351","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001285","article-title":"2024 AHA\/ACC\/ACS\/ASNC\/HRS\/SCA\/SCCT\/SCMR\/SVM Guideline for perioperative cardiovascular management for noncardiac surgery: a report of the American college of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice Guidelines","volume":"150","author":"Thompson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2024.11.012","article-title":"Prescription medication use and expenditure for atrial fibrillation in the United States","volume":"28","author":"Thyagaturu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib37","first-page":"524","article-title":"2021 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease: developed by the Task Force for the management of valvular heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"75","author":"Vahanian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae176","article-title":"2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"45","author":"Van Gelder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E12","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.8.FOCUS17421","article-title":"Acute subdural hematoma in patients on oral anticoagulant therapy: management and outcome","volume":"43","author":"Won","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155479","article-title":"Warfarin-A natural anticoagulant: a review of research trends for precision medication","volume":"128","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15961","article-title":"Prevalence, contemporary trends and associated factors of potentially inappropriate prescription of edoxaban in real-world clinical practice: a subanalysis of the SUNSHINE registry","volume":"90","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01293","article-title":"Appropriate dosing regimens of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants for treatment of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: an evidence-based consideration","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299925009173?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299925009173?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T04:34:00Z","timestamp":1780202040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299925009173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0014299925009173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Oral anticoagulant drugs and CNS-related hematomas: a pharmacovigilance analysis from the FAERS database","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178163","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"178163"}}