{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:34:43Z","timestamp":1793406883853,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:09:49Z","timestamp":1760108989000},"page":"178244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative effects of empagliflozin and vildagliptin on inflammation and atrial function in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: EMPA-VILDA-Response trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5983-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rehab H.","family":"Werida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4539-8940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naglaa F.","family":"Khedr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibtsam","family":"Khairat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamiaa","family":"Khedr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0041","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk: lessons learned from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study","volume":"39","author":"Abdul-Ghani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.01.051","article-title":"Left atrial reservoir function as a potent marker for first atrial fibrillation or flutter in persons \u2265 65 years of age","volume":"101","author":"Abhayaratna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0233","article-title":"Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors","volume":"30","author":"Ahr\u00e9n","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00885-z","article-title":"Effect of sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitors on endothelial function: a systematic review of preclinical studies","volume":"11","author":"Alshnbari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes. Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5076858","article-title":"Elevated serum TNF- \u03b1 is related to obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with glycemic control and insulin resistance","author":"Alzamil","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Obes."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014908","article-title":"Sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"9","author":"Arnott","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.4065\/79.8.1008","article-title":"Left atrial volume in the prediction of first ischemic stroke in an elderly cohort without atrial fibrillation","volume":"79","author":"Barnes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)82009-5","article-title":"New less temperature-sensitive microchromatographic method for the separation and quantitation of glycosylated hemoglobins using a non-cyanide buffer system","volume":"344","author":"Biss\u00e9","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jeq175","article-title":"Left atrial function: physiology, assessment, and clinical implications","volume":"12","author":"Blume","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Echocardiogr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-10-4","article-title":"Novel echocardiographic techniques to assess left atrial size, anatomy and function","volume":"10","author":"Cameli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Ultrasound"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jep058","article-title":"Atrial reservoir function by strain rate imaging in asymptomatic mitral stenosis: prognostic value at 3 year follow-up","volume":"10","author":"Caso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Echocardiogr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2016:26:1","article-title":"Management of refractory angina Pectoris","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Cardiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12572","article-title":"Effects of empagliflozin on blood pressure and markers of arterial stiffness and vascular resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Chilton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metabol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.463125","article-title":"Atrial myocardial deformation properties predict maintenance of sinus rhythm after external cardioversion of recent-onset lone atrial fibrillation","volume":"112","author":"Di Salvo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib15","first-page":"18673","article-title":"Association between left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and coronary artery disease as well as its extent and severity","volume":"8","author":"Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12735","article-title":"Best method for right atrial volume assessment by two\u2010dimensional echocardiography: validation with magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"32","author":"Ebtia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8095926","article-title":"Adipokines: potential therapeutic targets for vascular dysfunction in type II diabetes mellitus and obesity","volume":"2017","author":"El husseny","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"issue":"Suppl. ment_1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib18","first-page":"S27","article-title":"2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in Diabetes\u20142025","volume":"48","author":"ElSayed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0977-z","article-title":"Efficacy of dapagliflozin versus sitagliptin on cardiometabolic risk factors in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective, randomized study (DIVERSITY-CVR)","volume":"19","author":"Fuchigami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01237-2","article-title":"Effect of empagliflozin on ectopic fat stores and myocardial energetics in type 2 diabetes: the EMPACEF study","volume":"20","author":"Gaborit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-022-01004-4","article-title":"Real-world evaluation of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective multi-ethnic cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Goh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02131-1","article-title":"Study rationale and design of a study of EMPAgliflozin's effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and Coronary ARtery disease: the EMPA-CARD randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Gohari","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021887","article-title":"Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of diabetes mellitus","volume":"134","author":"Heerspink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01228-3","article-title":"A prospective randomized study comparing effects of empagliflozin to sitagliptin on cardiac fat accumulation, cardiac function, and cardiac metabolism in patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes: the ASSET study","volume":"20","author":"Hiruma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51949-5","article-title":"Effect of empagliflozin on cardiac function, adiposity, and diffuse fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"9","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.926633","article-title":"Comparison of empagliflozin and vildagliptin for efficacy and safety in type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Pakistani population","volume":"13","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American society of echocardiography and the european association of cardiovascular imaging","volume":"28","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.11.019","article-title":"Impaired tissue Doppler diastolic function in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"150","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-014-0148-1","article-title":"Glycemic control with empagliflozin, a novel selective SGLT2 inhibitor, ameliorates cardiovascular injury and cognitive dysfunction in obese and type 2 diabetic mice","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.24158","article-title":"Antianginal effects of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and refractory angina; a randomized, double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled trial (EMPT\u2010ANGINA Trial)","volume":"47","author":"Mansouri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw110","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition for the reduction of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"37","author":"Marx","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib33","first-page":"1164","article-title":"Empagliflozin reduces myocardial extracellular volume in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease","volume":"14","author":"Mason","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC (J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.): Cardiovasc. Imaging."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.08.020","article-title":"Coronary computed tomographic angiography with fractional flow reserve in patients with type 2 myocardial infarction","volume":"82","author":"McCarthy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-017-6729-y","article-title":"The role of SGLT-2 inhibitors as part of optimal medical therapy in improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease","volume":"31","author":"Mosleh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198710223171717","article-title":"Simplified calculation of body-surface area","volume":"317","author":"Mosteller","year":"1987","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164115616901","article-title":"Empagliflozin reduces body weight and indices of adipose distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"13","author":"Neeland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Vasc. Dis. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib38","first-page":"45","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and inflammation: examining the links","volume":"11","author":"Oguntibeju","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Physiol. Pathophysi. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.15.1788","article-title":"Clinical utility of doppler echocardiography and tissue doppler imaging in the estimation of left ventricular filling pressures","volume":"102","author":"Ommen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-021-01823-6","article-title":"Empagliflozin does not affect left ventricular diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: insight from the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 randomized clinical trial","volume":"59","author":"Rai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2015.12.038","article-title":"Sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition and cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes: the emerging role of natriuresis","volume":"89","author":"Rajasekeran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2015\/365","article-title":"Left atrial volume INDEX (LAVI) in the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction","volume":"4","author":"Rao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Evol. Med. Dent. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvv044","article-title":"Gliptins and their target dipeptidyl peptidase 4: implications for the treatment of vascular disease","volume":"2","author":"Remm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europe. Heart. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacothe."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-300069","article-title":"Left atrial function: pathophysiology, echocardiographic assessment, and clinical applications","volume":"97","author":"Rosca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207","article-title":"Atherosclerosis \u2014 an inflammatory disease","volume":"340","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1130625","article-title":"DPP-4 inhibitors for treating T2DM - hype or hope? An analysis based on the current literature","volume":"10","author":"Saini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01390-8","article-title":"Impact of empagliflozin on right ventricular parameters and function among patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Sarak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.16.1899","article-title":"Prognostic impact of coronary vasodilator dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome of coronary heart disease","volume":"101","author":"Sch\u00e4chinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-022-01269-1","article-title":"Bioequivalence studies of new generic formulations of vildagliptin and fixed-drug combination of vildagliptin and metformin versus respective originator products in healthy volunteers","volume":"13","author":"Schnaars","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes. Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2010.01215.x","article-title":"Assessing the cardio\u2013cerebrovascular safety of vildagliptin: meta\u2010analysis of adjudicated events from a large phase III type 2 diabetes population","volume":"12","author":"Schweizer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metabol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010389","article-title":"Heart failure, saxagliptin, and diabetes mellitus: observations from the SAVOR-TIMI 53 randomized trial","volume":"130","author":"Scirica","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530315666150324114149","article-title":"Beneficial effects of vildagliptin on metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Shimodaira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. - Drug Targets"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4405","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054405","article-title":"Clinical study of metabolic parameters, leptin and the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin among patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Szekeres","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.05.014","article-title":"Effects of SGLT2 selective inhibitor ipragliflozin on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and obesity in type 2 diabetic mice","volume":"715","author":"Tahara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2016.10.019","article-title":"Emerging roles of sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in cardiology","volume":"69","author":"Tanaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0985-z","article-title":"Positive effect of dapagliflozin on left ventricular longitudinal function for type 2 diabetic mellitus patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"19","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02864-3","article-title":"Left atrial volume as a morphophysiologic expression of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and relation to cardiovascular risk burden","volume":"90","author":"Tsang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042375","article-title":"Effect of empagliflozin on left ventricular mass in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease","volume":"140","author":"Verma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000028581.07992.56","article-title":"Endothelial function","volume":"106","author":"Vita","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01467-y","article-title":"The adverse impact of coronary artery disease on left ventricle systolic and diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 3.0T CMR study","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1088820","article-title":"Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 inhibitors on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028268","article-title":"Empagliflozin and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, established cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease","volume":"137","author":"Wanner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108473","article-title":"Comparative clinical study evaluating the effect of adding vildagliptin versus glimepiride to ongoing metformin therapy on diabetic patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease","volume":"170","author":"Werida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"10166","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32590-X","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials","volume":"393","author":"Zelniker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib65","first-page":"iii62","article-title":"Approaching regional left atrial function by tissue Doppler velocity and strain imaging","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","article-title":"Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Zinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299925009987?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299925009987?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:38:30Z","timestamp":1779323910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299925009987"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["S0014299925009987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative effects of empagliflozin and vildagliptin on inflammation and atrial function in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: EMPA-VILDA-Response trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178244","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"178244"}}