{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:25:35Z","timestamp":1780410335988,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015296","name":"Young Talent Support Program of Shaanxi Province University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015296","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:09:19Z","timestamp":1767917359000},"page":"178540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Remimazolam alleviates acute lung injury via translocator protein mediated inhibition of the NF-\u03baB pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1014","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6520-6446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruohan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guorong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiamei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuchu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuting","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5905-7760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020512","article-title":"The translocator protein (TSPO) in mitochondrial bioenergetics and immune processes","volume":"9","author":"Betlazar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183756","article-title":"Regulation and repair of the alveolar-capillary barrier in acute lung injury","volume":"75","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"issue":"10358","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01485-4","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: causes, pathophysiology, and phenotypes","volume":"400","author":"Bos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3362","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.5.3362","article-title":"Impaired pulmonary host defense in mice lacking expression of the CXC chemokine lungkine","volume":"166","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib5","article-title":"Remimazolam besylate for the sedation of postoperative patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU: a prospective dose\u2012response study","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21907","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: advances in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"319","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib7","article-title":"Remimazolam reduces sepsis-associated acute liver injury by activation of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors and p38 inhibition of macrophages","volume":"101","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.544431","article-title":"TSPO ligands PK11195 and midazolam reduce NLRP3 inflammasome activation and proinflammatory cytokine release in BV-2 cells","volume":"14","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1043859","article-title":"Advanced development and mechanism of sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.11.050","article-title":"Midazolam suppresses the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated immune responses of human macrophages via translocator protein signaling","volume":"66","author":"Horiguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3957","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S384155","article-title":"Remimazolam: an updated review of a new sedative and anaesthetic","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201509-1818OC","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome neutrophils have a distinct phenotype and are resistant to phosphoinositide 3-Kinase inhibition","volume":"194","author":"Juss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102549","article-title":"New insights into the pivotal role of Iron\/Heme metabolism in TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling-mediated inflammatory responses in human monocytes","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.11.025","article-title":"Synergism of TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 triggers inflammatory cell death, tissue damage, and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine shock syndromes","volume":"184","author":"Karki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113949","article-title":"Remimazolam inhibits apoptosis of endothelial and epithelial cells by activating the PI3K\/AKT pathway in acute lung injury","volume":"147","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib16","first-page":"270","article-title":"p120 regulates E-cadherin expression in nasal epithelial cells in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib17","article-title":"A new global definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome","author":"Matthay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0069-0","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Matthay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"issue":"10300","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00439-6","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"398","author":"Meyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11203317","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of NF-\u03baB in Acute lung injury: a double-edged sword","volume":"11","author":"Millar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-017-0325-y","article-title":"Endothelial glycocalyx degradation is more severe in patients with non-pulmonary sepsis compared to pulmonary sepsis and associates with risk of ARDS and other organ dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"Murphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Intensive Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040831","article-title":"Alveolar-Capillary membrane-related pulmonary cells as a target in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury","volume":"20","author":"Nova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327119881678","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition of alveolar epithelial cells cocultured with macrophages possibly via the JAK2\/STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"39","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2024.108080","article-title":"Possible pharmacological targets and mechanisms of sivelestat in protecting acute lung injury","volume":"170","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12091273","article-title":"New insights into the alveolar epithelium as a driver of acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Sanches Santos Rizzo Zuttion","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003103","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Remimazolam (CNS 7056) after continuous infusion in healthy Male volunteers: part I. Pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacodynamics","volume":"132","author":"Sch\u00fcttler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S344240","article-title":"Protective effects of Remimazolam on Cerebral Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury in rats by inhibiting of NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133348","article-title":"VDAC1 and the TSPO: expression, interactions, and associated functions in health and disease States","volume":"20","author":"Shoshan-Barmatz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000877","article-title":"Remimazolam for anaesthesia or sedation","volume":"33","author":"Sneyd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176342","article-title":"Remimazolam attenuates inflammation and kidney fibrosis following folic acid injury","volume":"966","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04760-8","article-title":"Remimazolam besylate versus propofol for deep sedation in critically ill patients: a randomized pilot study","volume":"27","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04168-w","article-title":"Remimazolam besylate versus propofol for long-term sedation during invasive mechanical ventilation: a pilot study","volume":"26","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1608077","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"377","author":"Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2292-6","article-title":"The glycocalyx: a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in sepsis","volume":"23","author":"Uchimido","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228793","article-title":"Endothelial damage in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Vassiliou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib36","article-title":"Remimazolam attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the NF-\u0138B pathway of macrophage inflammation","volume":"965","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04253-w","article-title":"Effects of sevoflurane on lung epithelial permeability in experimental models of acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Zhai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299926000221?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299926000221?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T20:59:42Z","timestamp":1769115582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299926000221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0014299926000221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Remimazolam alleviates acute lung injury via translocator protein mediated inhibition of the NF-\u03baB pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178540","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"178540"}}