{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T17:15:29Z","timestamp":1782407729637,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2508085MH221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2508085MH221"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023AH053290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AH053290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009004","name":"Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015801","name":"Anhui Provincial Quality Engineering Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005891","name":"State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People&apos;s Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005891","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010814","name":"Anhui Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["gxgwfx2021016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["gxgwfx2021016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81903622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81903622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002947","name":"Anhui Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4288"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:25:12Z","timestamp":1770423912000},"page":"178619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hydroxychloroquine alleviates renal fibrosis by modulating dendritic cells glycolipid metabolism and its crosstalk with renal tubular epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1017","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxue","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4850-2718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5184","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32849-1","article-title":"Distinct metabolic states guide maturation of inflammatory and tolerogenic dendritic cells","volume":"13","author":"Adamik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.05.027","article-title":"Aloe emodin promotes mucosal healing by modifying the differentiation fate of enteroendocrine cells via regulating cellular free fatty acid sensitivity","volume":"14","author":"Bao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15732-9","article-title":"Protective role of renal proximal tubular alpha-synuclein in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Bozic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.419","article-title":"Oxidative stress mediated by lipid metabolism contributes to high glucose-induced senescence in retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"130","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-025-02068-4","article-title":"Inhibition of tubular epithelial cells ferroptosis alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis by reducing lipid hydroperoxides and TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.03.015","article-title":"PI3K activity in dendritic cells exerts paradoxical effects during autoimmune inflammation","volume":"111","author":"Datler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3744-z","article-title":"Protein kinase C\u03b4 regulates nuclear export of FOXO1 through phosphorylation of the chaperone 14-3-3\u03b6","volume":"58","author":"Gerst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.06.004","article-title":"Dendritic cell metabolism and function in tumors","volume":"40","author":"Giovanelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05191-z","article-title":"Hypoxic human proximal tubular epithelial cells undergo ferroptosis and elicit an NLRP3 inflammasome response in CD1c(+) dendritic cells","volume":"13","author":"Giuliani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01827-6","article-title":"PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling transduction pathway and targeted therapies in cancer","volume":"22","author":"Glaviano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00964-1","article-title":"Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in hypertension","volume":"21","author":"Guzik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI38399","article-title":"Kidney dendritic cell activation is required for progression of renal disease in a mouse model of glomerular injury","volume":"119","author":"Heymann","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170316115938","article-title":"The pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic activities of hydroxychloroquine in rheumatic and related diseases","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.117907","article-title":"1-benzyl-6-nitro-4-phenyl-4-(methoxycarbonyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone, a novel pirfenidone derivative, alleviate hepatic fibrosis through T cells","volume":"184","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154800","article-title":"Downregulation of NK cell activities in apolipoprotein C-III-induced hyperlipidemia resulting from lipid-induced metabolic reprogramming and crosstalk with lipid-laden dendritic cells","volume":"120","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1322549","article-title":"Corrigendum: hydroxychloroquine attenuates autoimmune hepatitis by suppressing the interaction of GRK2 with PI3K in T lymphocytes","volume":"14","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3762","article-title":"Defective fatty acid oxidation in renal tubular epithelial cells has a key role in kidney fibrosis development","volume":"21","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI184932","article-title":"FOXO1 pathway activation by VISTA immune checkpoint restrains pulmonary ILC2 functions","volume":"135","author":"Kazemi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0272-y","article-title":"Kidney dendritic cells: fundamental biology and functional roles in health and disease","volume":"16","author":"Kurts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.04.058","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"610","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01104","article-title":"HMGB1\/PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling participates in the pathological process of acute lung injury by regulating the maturation and function of dendritic cells","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115882","article-title":"Anti-apoptotic effect of HeidihuangWan in renal tubular epithelial cells via PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"302","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117379","article-title":"Vitexin alleviates lipid metabolism disorders and hepatic injury in obese mice through the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR\/SREBP-1c pathway","volume":"287","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/148798","article-title":"Atorvastatin represses the angiotensin 2-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in dendritic cells via the PI3K\/Akt\/Nrf 2 pathway","volume":"2014","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.91109","article-title":"Exogenous \u03b1-ketoglutarate modulates redox metabolism and functions of human dendritic cells, altering their capacity to polarise T cell response","volume":"20","author":"Milanovi\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.12.008","article-title":"Microenvironment-driven metabolic adaptations guiding CD8(+) T cell anti-tumor immunity","volume":"56","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1157-x","article-title":"Renal tubular epithelial cells: the neglected mediator of tubulointerstitial fibrosis after injury","volume":"9","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.01.008","article-title":"Itaconate impairs immune control of plasmodium by enhancing mtDNA-mediated PD-L1 expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"36","author":"Ramalho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493018778713","article-title":"Multisociety consensus quality improvement revised consensus statement for endovascular therapy of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"13","author":"Sacks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2023.156136","article-title":"Majoon chobchini reinstates PDL-1 expression and blocks dendritic cell -T helper 17 pathogenic axis in rheumatoid arthritis animal model","volume":"163","author":"Samarpita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI142341","article-title":"Foxo1 deletion promotes the growth of new lymphatic valves","volume":"131","author":"Scallan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00752-7","article-title":"Role of perivascular cells in kidney homeostasis, inflammation, repair and fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Tanaka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2010.43.3.188","article-title":"Effect of atorvastatin on dendritic cells of tubulointerstitium in diabetic rats","volume":"43","author":"Tu","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01827-7","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine enhances insulin sensitivity and ameliorates abnormal lipid metabolism in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Endocr. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2023.2287930","article-title":"LYC inhibits the AKT signaling pathway to activate autophagy and ameliorate TGFB-induced renal fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib36","first-page":"213","article-title":"Valsartan inhibited the accumulation of dendritic cells in rat fibrotic renal tissue","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106092","article-title":"Kinsenoside attenuates liver fibro-inflammation by suppressing dendritic cells via the PI3K-AKT-FoxO1 pathway","volume":"177","author":"Xiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-024-09929-7","article-title":"S100A2 activation promotes interstitial fibrosis in kidneys by FoxO1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"40","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5961","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50392-z","article-title":"RNF213 promotes treg cell differentiation by facilitating K63-linked ubiquitination and nuclear translocation of FOXO1","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00352-6","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine and a low antiresorptive activity bisphosphonate conjugate prevent and reverse ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice through dual antiresorptive and anabolic effects","volume":"12","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-025-03097-2","article-title":"BMP-9 promotes the expression of PD-L1 in osteosarcoma cells through FOXO1","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-022-00898-3","article-title":"Dihydroartemisinin suppresses renal fibrosis in mice by inhibiting DNA-methyltransferase 1 and increasing Klotho","volume":"43","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156148","article-title":"Qingshen granules inhibits dendritic cell glycolipid metabolism to alleviate renal fibrosis via PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway","volume":"135","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299926001019?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299926001019?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:15:02Z","timestamp":1777425302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299926001019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0014299926001019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hydroxychloroquine alleviates renal fibrosis by modulating dendritic cells glycolipid metabolism and its crosstalk with renal tubular epithelial cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178619","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"178619"}}