{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:38:42Z","timestamp":1777513122352,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017596","name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-JC-QN-0993"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JC-QN-0993"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:25:04Z","timestamp":1770423904000},"page":"178651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Isoliensinine ameliorates postoperative neurocognitive disorder in aged mice by restoring hippocampal IGF-1 receptor signaling and suppressing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0375-7751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingxing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaoguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinrong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Congcong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1490-6113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruixia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00009.2025","article-title":"Growth hormone and IGF-1 actions in the brain and neuropsychiatric diseases","volume":"41","author":"Aguiar-Oliveira","year":"2026","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01337-4","article-title":"p38 MAPK signaling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis and inhibitor therapeutics","volume":"21","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1223-z","article-title":"IGF-1 overexpression improves mesenchymal stem cell survival and promotes neurological recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"10","author":"Allahdadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.137","article-title":"Selective neuronal vulnerability of human hippocampal CA1 neurons: lesion evolution, temporal course, and pattern of hippocampal damage in diffusion-weighted MR imaging","volume":"35","author":"Bartsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.02.042","article-title":"Signaling by insulin-like growth factor 1 in brain","volume":"490","author":"Bondy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8931","article-title":"Economic burden of postoperative neurocognitive disorders among US medicare patients","volume":"3","author":"Boone","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01288-5","article-title":"Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and brain health: evidence from 369,711 participants in the UK biobank","volume":"15","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53127-8","article-title":"Oral administration of ellagic acid mitigates perioperative neurocognitive disorders, hippocampal oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in aged mice by restoring IGF-1 signaling","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.630385","article-title":"Isoliensinine: a natural compound with \"Drug-Like\" potential","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0430-22.2023","article-title":"Insulin-like growth Factor-1 supplementation promotes brain maturation in preterm pigs","volume":"10","author":"Christiansen","year":"2023","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls118","article-title":"Aging, synaptic dysfunction, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1","volume":"67","author":"Deak","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2023.111320","article-title":"Postoperative neurocognitive disorders: a clinical guide","volume":"92","author":"Dilmen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002334","article-title":"Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and Surgery-2018","volume":"129","author":"Evered","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3337","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02791-w","article-title":"IGF-1 gene transfer modifies inflammatory environment and gene expression in the caudate-putamen of aged female rat brain","volume":"59","author":"Falomir-Lockhart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00065-3","article-title":"Central IGF-1 protects against features of cognitive and sensorimotor decline with aging in male mice","volume":"41","author":"Farias Quipildor","year":"2019","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.12.002","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) as a marker of cognitive decline in normal ageing: a review","volume":"42","author":"Frater","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2021.07.023","article-title":"Intramuscular insulin-like growth factor-1 gene therapy modulates reactive microglia after traumatic brain injury","volume":"175","author":"Herrera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.05.013","article-title":"IGF-1 gene therapy prevents spatial memory deficits and modulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration and inflammation in a parkinsonism model","volume":"119","author":"Herrera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.12.005","article-title":"IGF-1, oxidative stress and atheroprotection","volume":"21","author":"Higashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.992869","article-title":"Inhibition of the integrated stress response reverses oxidative stress damage-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction","volume":"16","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148712","article-title":"Neuronal IGF-1 overexpression restores hippocampal newborn cell survival and recent CFC memory consolidation in Ca(v)1.3 knock-out mice","volume":"1825","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13873","article-title":"Perioperative neurocognitive disorders: a narrative review focusing on diagnosis, prevention, and treatment","volume":"28","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03103-w","article-title":"Itaconate alleviates anesthesia\/surgery-induced cognitive impairment by activating a Nrf2-dependent anti-neuroinflammation and neurogenesis via gut-brain axis","volume":"21","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.119567","article-title":"Isoliensinine ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in AlCl(3)\/D-gal-induced Alzheimer's disease-like mice by inhibiting the calcium signaling pathway","volume":"344","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03216-2","article-title":"Microglia mediate memory dysfunction via excitatory synaptic elimination in a fracture surgery mouse model","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib26","article-title":"Neuroinflammation as the underlying mechanism of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and therapeutic strategies","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70099","article-title":"Interconnections of insulin\/IGF-1 signaling and autophagy abnormalities in alzheimer's disease","volume":"21","author":"Liao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115582","article-title":"Neuroinflammation: the central enabler of postoperative cognitive dysfunction","volume":"167","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23794","article-title":"Isoliensinine activated the Nrf2\/GPX4 pathway to inhibit glutamate-induced ferroptosis in HT-22 cells","volume":"38","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140320","article-title":"Role of nrf2 in oxidative stress and toxicity","volume":"53","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67267","article-title":"IGF-1 facilitates extinction of conditioned fear","volume":"10","author":"Maglio","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.09.011","article-title":"Estrous cycle phase and gonadal hormones influence conditioned fear extinction","volume":"164","author":"Milad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.04.002","article-title":"Defects in IGF-1 receptor, insulin receptor and IRS-1\/2 in alzheimer's disease indicate possible resistance to IGF-1 and insulin signalling","volume":"31","author":"Moloney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.01.013","article-title":"Restorative effect of intracerebroventricular insulin-like growth factor-I gene therapy on motor performance in aging rats","volume":"177","author":"Nishida","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112889","article-title":"IGFBPL1 is a master driver of microglia homeostasis and resolution of neuroinflammation in glaucoma and brain tauopathy","volume":"42","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1695-x","article-title":"Dysregulation of BDNF\/TrkB signaling mediated by NMDAR\/Ca(2+)\/calpain might contribute to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aging mice","volume":"17","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib37","article-title":"Controlled signaling-insulin-like growth factor receptor endocytosis and presence at intracellular compartments","volume":"11","author":"Rieger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010147","article-title":"IGF-1 signalling regulates mitochondria dynamics and turnover through a conserved GSK-3\u03b2-Nrf2-BNIP3 pathway","volume":"9","author":"Riis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib39","article-title":"Impairment of IGF-1 signaling and antioxidant response are associated with radiation sensitivity and mortality","volume":"22","author":"S","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2024.e00359","article-title":"Carnosine ameliorates postoperative cognitive dysfunction of aged rats by limiting astrocytes pyroptosis","volume":"21","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59903","article-title":"Demonstrated brain insulin resistance in alzheimer's disease patients is associated with IGF-1 resistance, IRS-1 dysregulation, and cognitive decline","volume":"122","author":"Talbot","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23115938","article-title":"An overview of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"23","author":"Teleanu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-022-00623-2","article-title":"Age-related decline in circulating IGF-1 associates with impaired neurovascular coupling responses in older adults","volume":"44","author":"Toth","year":"2022","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-05-01628.2001","article-title":"Circulating insulin-like growth factor I mediates exercise-induced increases in the number of new neurons in the adult hippocampus","volume":"21","author":"Trejo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00372","article-title":"Different patterns of neurodegeneration and glia activation in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions of TgCRND8 mice","volume":"10","author":"Ugolini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065487","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"24","author":"Usui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122377","article-title":"Nrf2 regulates oxidative stress and its role in cerebral ischemic stroke","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib48","article-title":"TREM2-IGF1 mediated glucometabolic enhancement underlies microglial neuroprotective properties during ischemic stroke","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104749","article-title":"Tetradecyl 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate alleviates oligodendrocyte damage following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through IGF-1 receptor","volume":"138","author":"Youssef","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.111053","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of IGF-1 is mediated by IGF-1R cross talk with GPER in MPTP\/MPP(+)-induced astrocyte activation","volume":"519","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9061368","article-title":"Insulin-like growth Factor-1 and IGF binding proteins predict all-cause mortality and morbidity in older adults","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03285-3","article-title":"Unraveling the role and mechanism of mitochondria in postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a narrative review","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02246-4","article-title":"MD2 contributes to the pathogenesis of perioperative neurocognitive disorder via the regulation of \u03b15GABA(A) receptors in aged mice","volume":"18","author":"Zuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299926001330?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299926001330?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:47:12Z","timestamp":1777391232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299926001330"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0014299926001330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Isoliensinine ameliorates postoperative neurocognitive disorder in aged mice by restoring hippocampal IGF-1 receptor signaling and suppressing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178651","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"178651"}}