{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T22:36:04Z","timestamp":1793399764224,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013093","name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012245","name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T07:54:11Z","timestamp":1772524451000},"page":"178710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors through Th1-lymphocytes and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the mouse"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1019","author":[{"given":"Cai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baiping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry D.","family":"Charlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirthana","family":"Kunikullaya U","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HarryW.M.","family":"Steinbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4671","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.10.4671","article-title":"Microglia are more efficient than astrocytes in antigen processing and in Th1 but not Th2 cell activation","volume":"160","author":"Aloisi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-102319-103410","article-title":"Meningeal immunity and its function in maintenance of the central nervous system in health and disease","volume":"38","author":"Alves de Lima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.168","article-title":"A requirement of serotonergic p38\u03b1 mitogen-activated protein kinase for peripheral immune system activation of CNS serotonin uptake and serotonin-linked behaviors","volume":"5","author":"Baganz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2024.108624","article-title":"Immunotherapy for depression: recent insights and future targets","volume":"257","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.11.009","article-title":"Minocycline alleviates depression-like symptoms by rescuing decrease in neurogenesis in dorsal hippocampus via blocking microglia activation\/phagocytosis","volume":"91","author":"Bassett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.02.010","article-title":"Changes in hippocampal IL-15, related cytokines, and neurogenesis in IL-2 deficient mice","volume":"1041","author":"Beck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.04.012","article-title":"Distinct characteristics of hippocampal pathogenic T(H)17 cells in a mouse model of depression","volume":"73","author":"Beurel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.12.006","article-title":"The role of inflammatory cytokines as key modulators of neurogenesis","volume":"38","author":"Borsini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2009.03.014","article-title":"Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in Thy-1-induced T-lymphocyte activation","volume":"21","author":"Conrad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091419","article-title":"Regulation of learning and memory by meningeal immunity: a key role for IL-4","volume":"207","author":"Derecki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3666","article-title":"The movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS","volume":"18","author":"Engelhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21165624","article-title":"Involvement of p38 MAPK in synaptic function and dysfunction","volume":"21","author":"Falcicchia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.001","article-title":"Stress-induced metabolic disorder in peripheral CD4 T cells leads to anxiety-like behavior","volume":"179","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-88","article-title":"HIV-1 tat activates indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase in murine organotypic hippocampal slice cultures in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent manner","volume":"8","author":"Fu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvj072","volume":"139","author":"Fujigaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.2174\/187152809787582507","article-title":"The IL-12 family of cytokines in infection, inflammation and autoimmune disorders","volume":"8","author":"Gee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm. Allergy - Drug Targets"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-018-2661-1","article-title":"A novel and selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammation in BV2 microglia and a mouse model","volume":"43","author":"Gee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-014-0201-8","article-title":"T-cell-mediated regulation of neuroinflammation involved in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"11","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib19","first-page":"139","article-title":"Immune cell regulation of glia during CNS injury and disease","volume":"21","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2020"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib20","article-title":"Endogenous omega (n)-3 fatty acids in Fat-1 mice attenuated depression-like behavior, imbalance between microglial M1 and M2 phenotypes, and dysfunction of neurotrophins induced by lipopolysaccharide administration","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.04.021","article-title":"Minocycline inhibits microglial activation and alleviates depressive-like behaviors in Male adolescent mice subjected to maternal separation","volume":"107","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1159\/000343100","article-title":"Imbalance between Th17 and treg cells may play an important role in the development of chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression in mice","volume":"20","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-015-0010-9","article-title":"Programmed death Ligand-1 on Microglia regulates Th1 differentiation via nitric oxide in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"32","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib24","article-title":"Low-Dose IL-2 attenuated depression-like behaviors and pathological changes through restoring the balances between IL-6 and TGF-\u03b2 and between Th17 and treg in a chronic stress-induced mouse model of depression","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2015.03.003","article-title":"Minocycline enhances hippocampal memory, neuroplasticity and synapse-associated proteins in aged C57 BL\/6 mice","volume":"121","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890500070005","article-title":"Effects of chronic stress on structure and cell function in rat hippocampus and hypothalamus","volume":"7","author":"Jo\u00ebls","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stress"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.54","article-title":"Minocycline selectively inhibits M1 polarization of microglia","volume":"4","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib28","series-title":"Research Progress on the Biological Function and Homeostatic Disruption of Microglia in the Pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder","author":"Kong","year":"2026"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.08.026","article-title":"In animal models, psychosocial stress-induced (neuro)inflammation, apoptosis and reduced neurogenesis are associated to the onset of depression","volume":"35","author":"Kubera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib30","first-page":"547","article-title":"Leukocyte subsets in treatment-resistant major depression","volume":"51","author":"Kubera","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pol. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-007-0229-7","article-title":"IDO expression in the brain: a double-edged sword","volume":"85","author":"Kwidzinski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00214.x","article-title":"IL-12 and IL-23: master regulators of innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"202","author":"Langrish","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib33","first-page":"2597","article-title":"Resolution of inflammation-induced depression requires T lymphocytes and endogenous brain interleukin-10 signaling","volume":"43","author":"Laumet","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(01)00155-5","article-title":"The immune system, depression and the action of antidepressants","volume":"25","author":"Leonard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.02.002","article-title":"Glucocorticoids impair microglia ability to induce T cell proliferation and Th1 polarization","volume":"109","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105947","article-title":"Zileuton ameliorates depressive-like behaviors, hippocampal neuroinflammation, apoptosis and synapse dysfunction in mice exposed to chronic mild stress","volume":"78","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"7560","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14432","article-title":"Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels","volume":"523","author":"Louveau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(94)00066-J","article-title":"The monocyte-T-lymphocyte hypothesis of major depression","volume":"20","author":"Maes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib39","first-page":"1752","article-title":"Social stress induces neurovascular pathology promoting depression","volume":"20","author":"Menard","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.09.009","article-title":"Depression and immunity: a role for T cells?","volume":"24","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.11.029","article-title":"Inflammation and its discontents: the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression","volume":"65","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890701754068","article-title":"A link between stress and depression: shifts in the balance between the kynurenine and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism and the etiology and pathophysiology of depression","volume":"11","author":"Miura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1493-5","article-title":"Deletion of p38\u03b1 MAPK in microglia blunts trauma-induced inflammatory responses in mice","volume":"16","author":"Morganti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.07.008","article-title":"Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokine alterations in major depression","volume":"88","author":"Myint","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"4680","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6334362","article-title":"Elevated concentrations of CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depressed patients","volume":"226","author":"Nemeroff","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.09.018","article-title":"The mesolimbic dopamine reward circuit in depression","volume":"59","author":"Nestler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(200005)30:5<1445::AID-IMMU1445>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"IL-12 enhances IL-2 function by inducing CD25 expression through a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway","volume":"30","author":"Nguyen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2009.11.005","article-title":"Stress induced cognitive deficit is differentially modulated in BALB\/c and C57Bl\/6 mice: correlation with Th1\/Th2 balance after stress exposure","volume":"218","author":"Palumbo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.12.006","article-title":"Glatiramer acetate reverts stress-induced alterations on adult neurogenesis and behavior. Involvement of Th1\/Th2 balance","volume":"26","author":"Palumbo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.026","article-title":"Microglia require CD4 T cells to complete the fetal-to-adult transition","volume":"182","author":"Pasciuto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.026","article-title":"Microglia require CD4 T cells to complete the fetal-to-adult transition","volume":"182","author":"Pasciuto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib52","article-title":"EPA is more effective than DHA to improve depression-like behavior, glia cell dysfunction and hippcampal apoptosis signaling in a chronic stress-induced rat model of depression","volume":"21","author":"Peng","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051769","article-title":"EPA is more effective than DHA to improve depression-like behavior, glia cell dysfunction and hippcampal apoptosis signaling in a chronic stress-induced rat model of depression","volume":"21","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01809-1","article-title":"MAPK signaling determines lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced inflammation in microglia","volume":"17","author":"Plastira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00352","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3 producing Th1 cells induce different transcriptional profiles in Microglia and astrocytes","volume":"12","author":"Prajeeth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib56","first-page":"204","article-title":"Effectors of Th1 and Th17 cells act on astrocytes and augment their neuroinflammatory properties","volume":"14","author":"Prajeeth","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.54","article-title":"CD4? But not CD8? T cells revert the impaired emotional behavior of immunocompromised RAG-1-deficient mice","author":"Rattazzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1080\/02646830500382102","article-title":"Stress and depression-induced immune dysfunction: implications for the development and progression of cancer","volume":"17","author":"Reiche","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.10.2817","article-title":"Interferon-gamma expression by Th1 effector T cells mediated by the p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway","volume":"17","author":"Rinc\u00f3n","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.09.017","article-title":"Maternal separation activates microglial cells and induces an inflammatory response in the hippocampus of male rat pups, independently of hypothalamic and peripheral cytokine levels","volume":"55","author":"Roque","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10201","article-title":"Differential effects of Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte supernatants on human microglia","volume":"42","author":"S\u00e9guin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.02.042","article-title":"Lavender essential oil ameliorates depression-like behavior and increases neurogenesis and dendritic complexity in rats","volume":"701","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Vida\u00f1a","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib63","first-page":"88","article-title":"Restraint stress-induced morphological changes at the blood-brain barrier in adult rats","volume":"8","author":"S\u00e1ntha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-398314-5.00001-5","article-title":"Inflammation in anxiety","volume":"88","author":"Salim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Protein Chem. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.04.010","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of stress-programmed lymphocytes transferred to chronically stressed mice","volume":"70","author":"Scheinert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib66","first-page":"2877","volume":"vol. 16","author":"Sha","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib67","first-page":"25","article-title":"Role of MAO A and B in neurotransmitter metabolism and behavior","volume":"51","author":"Shih","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pol. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2014.0019","article-title":"Interactions between microglia and T cells in multiple sclerosis pathobiology","volume":"34","author":"Strachan-Whaley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.01.030","article-title":"Interleukin 12 (IL-12) family cytokines: role in immune pathogenesis and treatment of CNS autoimmune disease","volume":"75","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-04-019398","article-title":"Selective abrogation of Th1 response by STA-5326, a potent IL-12\/IL-23 inhibitor","volume":"109","author":"Wada","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02645-1","article-title":"Hippocampal microRNA-26a-3p deficit contributes to neuroinflammation and behavioral disorders via p38 MAPK signaling pathway in rats","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19948","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313629200","article-title":"Minocycline up-regulates Bcl-2 and protects against cell death in mitochondria","volume":"279","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib73","article-title":"Hemerocallis citrina Baroni leaf total phenol alleviates depressive-like behaviors via modulating \"microbiota-gut-brain\" axis in chronic unpredictable mild stress -induced rats","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.102","article-title":"Repeated social defeat, neuroinflammation, and behavior: monocytes carry the signal","volume":"42","author":"Weber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2016.08.002","article-title":"The chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression: history, evaluation and usage","volume":"6","author":"Willner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0471-8","article-title":"Effects of immunomodulatory drugs on depressive symptoms: a mega-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials in inflammatory disorders","volume":"25","author":"Wittenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3979","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801218","article-title":"CD4-positive T lymphocytes provide a neuroimmunological link in the control of adult hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"182","author":"Wolf","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib78","first-page":"2945","article-title":"N-acetyl cysteine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells via the p38MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"20","author":"Xiong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib79","article-title":"Corticosterone effects induced by stress and immunity and inflammation: mechanisms of communication","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib80","article-title":"Ferrostatin-1 mitigates cognitive impairment of epileptic rats by inhibiting P38 MAPK activation","volume":"103","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib81","series-title":"The Subfornical Organ is a Nucleus for gut-derived T Cells that Regulate Behaviour","author":"Yoshida","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2018.00014","article-title":"CD4(+) T cells have a permissive effect on enriched environment-induced hippocampus synaptic plasticity","volume":"10","author":"Zarif","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Synaptic Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.07.001","article-title":"Minocycline ameliorates depressive behaviors and neuro-immune dysfunction induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in the rat","volume":"356","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.07.001","article-title":"Minocycline ameliorates depressive behaviors and neuro-immune dysfunction induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in the rat","volume":"356","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib85","first-page":"2674","article-title":"Priming of microglia with IFN-\u03b3 impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis and leads to depression-like behaviors and cognitive defects","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.3.1374","article-title":"The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for IL-12-induced IFN-gamma expression","volume":"165","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2018.01.017","article-title":"FasL incapacitation alleviates CD4(+) T cells-induced brain injury through remodeling of microglia polarization in mouse ischemic stroke","volume":"318","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1159\/000371468","article-title":"TLR2 involved in naive CD4+ T cells rescues stress-induced immune suppression by regulating Th1\/Th2 and Th17","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.116","article-title":"Interleukin-1 receptor activation by systemic lipopolysaccharide induces behavioral despair linked to MAPK regulation of CNS serotonin transporters","volume":"35","author":"Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1629","article-title":"Immune cells contribute to the maintenance of neurogenesis and spatial learning abilities in adulthood","volume":"9","author":"Ziv","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299926001925?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299926001925?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T04:42:20Z","timestamp":1779424940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299926001925"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["S0014299926001925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors through Th1-lymphocytes and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the mouse","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178710","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"178710"}}