{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:43:21Z","timestamp":1786236201273,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2021R1I1A2040301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1I1A2040301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2026-25481330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2026-25481330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002560","name":"Soonchunhyang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003718","name":"Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSN2123180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSN2123180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:08:53Z","timestamp":1783008533000},"page":"179109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Astaxanthin inhibits platelet-mediated thrombosis via suppression of bidirectional \u03b1IIb\u03b23 signaling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1030","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3551-6869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hado","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4736-4712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeon-Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Woung","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Mok","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1409-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyungho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3390\/md12010128","article-title":"Astaxanthin: sources, extraction, stability, biological activities and its commercial applications--a review","volume":"12","author":"Ambati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1047","article-title":"Platelet NAD(P)H-oxidase-generated ROS production regulates alphaIIbbeta3-integrin activation independent of the NO\/cGMP pathway","volume":"106","author":"Begonja","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.8.2740","article-title":"Expression of the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI during megakaryocyte differentiation","volume":"96","author":"Berlanga","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13302","article-title":"Platelet signaling: a complex interplay between inhibitory and activatory networks","volume":"14","author":"Bye","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemostasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.122517","article-title":"Simultaneous improvements on nutrient and Mg recoveries of microalgal bioremediation for municipal wastewater and nickel laterite ore wastewater","volume":"297","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2016.1261905","article-title":"Effects of astaxanthin on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation in hyperlipidemic rats","volume":"55","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-03-773614","article-title":"Integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) outside-in signaling","volume":"130","author":"Durrant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00020.2016","article-title":"New concepts and mechanisms of platelet activation signaling","volume":"32","author":"Estevez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v2.i7.171","article-title":"Clinical importance of aspirin and clopidogrel resistance","volume":"2","author":"Feher","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1272544","article-title":"Antiplatelet drugs: mechanisms and risks of bleeding following cardiac operations","volume":"20","author":"Ferraris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Angiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s11","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.159178","article-title":"Oxidative stress and platelets","volume":"28","author":"Freedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34812","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306504200","article-title":"Integrin alpha IIb beta 3-dependent calcium signals regulate platelet-fibrinogen interactions under flow. Involvement of phospholipase C gamma 2","volume":"278","author":"Goncalves","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1174779","article-title":"G protein subunit Galpha13 binds to integrin alphaIIbbeta3 and mediates integrin \"outside-in\" signaling","volume":"327","author":"Gong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090523","article-title":"Blood platelets in the progression of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"9","author":"Gowert","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1021\/np050354+","article-title":"Astaxanthin, a carotenoid with potential in human health and nutrition","volume":"69","author":"Hussein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5337","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species play a critical role in collagen-induced platelet activation via SHP-2 oxidation","volume":"20","author":"Jang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2022.282136","article-title":"The relative importance of platelet integrins in hemostasis, thrombosis and beyond","volume":"108","author":"Janus-Bell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2023.02.009","article-title":"An optimized herbal medicine containing Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Alisma orientale Juzepzuk, and Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi has potent antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V100.3.917","article-title":"NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent platelet superoxide anion release increases platelet recruitment","volume":"100","author":"Krotz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1038\/44599","article-title":"Integrin cytoplasmic tyrosine motif is required for outside-in alphaIIbbeta3 signalling and platelet function","volume":"401","author":"Law","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/54479-v","article-title":"Ferric chloride-induced murine thrombosis models","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.207522","article-title":"Signaling during platelet adhesion and activation","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-05-2005","article-title":"The relative role of PLCbeta and PI3Kgamma in platelet activation","volume":"106","author":"Lian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7799(00)01433-5","article-title":"Commercial potential for Haematococcus microalgae as a natural source of astaxanthin","volume":"18","author":"Lorenz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21144866","article-title":"ROS in platelet biology: functional aspects and methodological insights","volume":"21","author":"Masselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.303413","article-title":"Current state and novel approaches of antiplatelet therapy","volume":"35","author":"Metharom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-0105.177703","article-title":"A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human","volume":"7","author":"Nair","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047356","article-title":"Integrin alphaIIb-mediated PI3K\/Akt activation in platelets","volume":"7","author":"Niu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1616222","article-title":"Beta3 tyrosine phosphorylation in alphaIIbbeta3 (platelet membrane GP IIb-IIIa) outside-in integrin signaling","volume":"86","author":"Phillips","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.2.484","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide is involved in collagen-induced platelet activation","volume":"91","author":"Pignatelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.08.021","article-title":"Regulation of platelet activation and thrombus formation by reactive oxygen species","volume":"14","author":"Qiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2007.01.012","article-title":"Carotenoids and human health","volume":"55","author":"Rao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2020.1756237","article-title":"Antiplatelet activity of astaxanthin in control- and high cholesterol-fed rats mediated by down-regulation of P2Y(12), inhibition of NF-kappaB, and increasing intracellular levels of cAMP","volume":"32","author":"Satti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00531","article-title":"Astaxanthin-Producing green microalga haematococcus pluvialis: from single cell to high value commercial products","volume":"7","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2021.62.11.1032","article-title":"Characterization of ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis model of mice and the role of red blood cells in thrombosis acceleration","volume":"62","author":"Shim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00935-2","article-title":"Global conformational rearrangements in integrin extracellular domains in outside-in and inside-out signaling","volume":"110","author":"Takagi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib37","article-title":"Safety of astaxanthin for its use as a novel food in food supplements","volume":"18","author":"Turck","year":"2020","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2018.08.007","article-title":"Intracellular platelet signalling as a target for drug development","volume":"111","author":"Vilahur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203724666221114113413","article-title":"Anti-Platelet peptides targeting alphaIIbbeta3 Outside-In signaling pathway","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Protein Pept. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37520","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305077200","article-title":"A critical role for phospholipase Cgamma2 in alphaIIbbeta3-mediated platelet spreading","volume":"278","author":"Wonerow","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41277","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.393124","article-title":"The Src family kinases and protein kinase C synergize to mediate Gq-dependent platelet activation","volume":"287","author":"Xiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.70363","article-title":"Astaxanthin suppresses thrombosis by inhibiting both platelet activation and blood coagulation","volume":"183","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1807.07008","article-title":"Enhancing astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis by coupled light intensity and nitrogen starvation in column photobioreactors","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012512","article-title":"Reversible platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3 activation and thrombus instability","volume":"23","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299926005911?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299926005911?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:32:32Z","timestamp":1786235552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299926005911"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0014299926005911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Astaxanthin inhibits platelet-mediated thrombosis via suppression of bidirectional \u03b1IIb\u03b23 signaling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179109","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"179109"}}