{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:42:50Z","timestamp":1786236170535,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22477025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22477025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011513","name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2060204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011513","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003395","name":"Shanghai Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-01-07-00-02-E00104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-01-07-00-02-E00104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFA1802004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFA1802004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23ZR1415700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23ZR1415700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:36:46Z","timestamp":1784097406000},"page":"179143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Drug repurposing of glucosamine to ameliorate alcoholic liver disease and delay liver aging through activation of AMPK signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1030","author":[{"given":"Yihe","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiqi","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9166-2001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5395-6735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiahui","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2544-6650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7521-8798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4128-8832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8154-551X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaokang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.134","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis and new targets for therapy","volume":"8","author":"Altamirano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.04.001","article-title":"Benefits of metformin in attenuating the hallmarks of aging","volume":"32","author":"Ameya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2022.12922","article-title":"Role of the AMPK\/SIRT1 pathway in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"27","author":"Anggreini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072904","article-title":"Hepatocyte expression of the senescence marker p21 is linked to fibrosis and an adverse liver-related outcome in alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"8","author":"Aravinthan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.030","article-title":"Senescence in chronic liver disease: is the future in aging?","volume":"65","author":"Aravinthan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000899","article-title":"Alcohol-associated liver disease-global epidemiology","volume":"80","author":"\u00c5berg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.03.020","article-title":"Metformin prevents alcohol-induced liver injury in the mouse: critical role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1","volume":"130","author":"Bergheim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.032","article-title":"Mouse model of chronic and binge ethanol feeding (the NIAAA model)","volume":"8","author":"Bertola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4RU1016-450R","article-title":"Alcohol, aging, and innate immunity","volume":"102","author":"Boule","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2005.03.009","article-title":"DNA adducts from acetaldehyde: implications for alcohol-related carcinogenesis","volume":"35","author":"Brooks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.028","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and biomedical applications of glucosamine as a potential multifunctional therapeutic agent","volume":"152","author":"Dalirfardouei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002821","article-title":"Glucosamine supplementation improves physical performance in trained mice","volume":"54","author":"De la Rosa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.017","article-title":"Global burden of liver disease","volume":"79","author":"Devarbhavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3038","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57616-w","article-title":"Targeting senescent hepatocytes for treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and multi-organ dysfunction","volume":"16","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.032","article-title":"Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome via acetylsalicylic acid: role in suppressing hepatic dysfunction and insulin resistance induced by atorvastatin in na\u00efve versus alcoholic liver in rats","volume":"107","author":"El-Kharashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00833-4","article-title":"Metformin: update on mechanisms of action and repurposing potential","volume":"19","author":"Foretz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.09.002","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets","volume":"141","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70086","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of nicotinamide and ABT263 in alcohol-associated liver disease through targeting cellular senescence","volume":"6","author":"Gold","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.894082","article-title":"Liver volume restoration and hepatic microarchitecture in small-for-size syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Gruttadauria","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00688-6","article-title":"Global epidemiology of alcohol-associated cirrhosis and HCC: trends, projections and risk factors","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2021-002213","article-title":"Telomere length in patients with alcohol-associated liver disease: a brief report","volume":"70","author":"Huda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Invest. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030257","article-title":"Nucleoredoxin redox interactions are sensitized by aging and potentiated by chronic alcohol consumption in the mouse liver","volume":"13","author":"Idelfonso-Garc\u00eda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.02.004","article-title":"Hepatoprotective activity of metformin: a new mission for an old drug?","volume":"850","author":"Iranshahy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155420913534","article-title":"An optimized protocol for histochemical detection of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity in cryopreserved liver tissue","volume":"68","author":"Jannone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-021-09635-8","article-title":"Induction of Sestrin2 by pterostilbene suppresses ethanol-triggered hepatocyte senescence by degrading CCN1 via p62-dependent selective autophagy","volume":"39","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23837","article-title":"Interleukin-22 treatment ameliorates alcoholic liver injury in a murine model of chronic-binge ethanol feeding: role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3","volume":"52","author":"Ki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2020.06.200110","article-title":"Glucosamine\/chondroitin and mortality in a US NHANES cohort","volume":"33","author":"King","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Board Fam. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000084548","article-title":"Effect of aspirin and acetaminophen on proinflammatory cytokine-induced pain behavior in mice","volume":"74","author":"Kwon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2024.100699","article-title":"Glucosamine attenuates alcohol-induced acute liver injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6918","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28196918","article-title":"Glucosamine improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high-fat and high-sugar diet through regulating intestinal barrier function, liver inflammation, and lipid metabolism","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib31","article-title":"Association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective study in UK biobank","volume":"l1628","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i20.2456","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Mandrekar","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201708092","article-title":"Senescence and aging: causes, consequences, and therapeutic avenues","volume":"217","author":"McHugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v37.2.08","article-title":"The role of innate immunity in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"37","author":"Nagy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15749-x","article-title":"Global prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of alcohol related liver diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v38.2.01","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis and current management","volume":"38","author":"Osna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Res. Curr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.912825","article-title":"Curcumol suppresses CCF-mediated hepatocyte senescence through blocking LC3B-lamin B1 interaction in alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-00913-4","article-title":"Cell senescence in liver diseases: pathological mechanism and theranostic opportunity","volume":"21","author":"Sanfeliu-Redondo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0014-7","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease","volume":"4","author":"Seitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.91","article-title":"SREBP-regulated lipid metabolism: convergent physiology - divergent pathophysiology","volume":"13","author":"Shimano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.469","article-title":"ACG clinical guideline: alcoholic liver disease","volume":"113","author":"Singal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00063.x","article-title":"Silymarin protects against acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice","volume":"30","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12934","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i36.12934","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease: treatment","volume":"20","author":"Suk","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.172","article-title":"Histopathology of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Theise","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-242-7_3","article-title":"Intragastric ethanol infusion model in rodents","volume":"447","author":"Tsukamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11162340","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of glucosamine in osteoarthritis treatment: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Vo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00727-x","article-title":"The senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its physiological and pathological implications","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b17-00724","article-title":"AMPK-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism by phosphorylation","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4563","article-title":"D-Glucosamine supplementation extends life span of nematodes and of ageing mice","volume":"5","author":"Weimer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v40.2.01","article-title":"Gender differences in the epidemiology of alcohol use and related harms in the United States","volume":"40","author":"White","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alcohol Res. Curr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2021.06.018","article-title":"NFATc4 mediates ethanol-triggered hepatocyte senescence","volume":"350","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-030435","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding of pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1214370","article-title":"Oxidative stress and alcoholic liver disease","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7837","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07610-y","article-title":"Metformin protects against ethanol-induced liver triglyceride accumulation by the LKB1\/AMPK\/ACC pathway","volume":"49","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib55","first-page":"245","article-title":"Overview: how is alcohol metabolized by the body?","volume":"29","author":"Zakhari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Res. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.10347","article-title":"Trends in alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"322","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143_bib57","first-page":"517","article-title":"Characteristics of liver volume and pathological changes with different stages of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease","volume":"32","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299926006254?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299926006254?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:22:22Z","timestamp":1786234942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299926006254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S0014299926006254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Drug repurposing of glucosamine to ameliorate alcoholic liver disease and delay liver aging through activation of AMPK signaling pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179143","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"179143"}}