{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:55:35Z","timestamp":1791471335398,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013076","name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZD0528601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZD0528601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82500142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82500142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:42:49Z","timestamp":1790264569000},"page":"179372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Targeting the Snail1\u2013ATGL\u2013ferroptosis\u2013EMT axis via AKT\u2013GSK3\u03b2 signaling: Low-dose colchicine attenuates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1035","author":[{"given":"Leilei","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8199-2379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingkai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangyu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1093-5312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shujun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7961-0087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruohan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2678-9401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munire","family":"Adili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jau-Shyong","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0332-7984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yubao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3731-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib1","first-page":"bvae163","article-title":"Modulation of intracellular lipid access by ATGL determines ferroptosis sensitivity in castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"8","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Endocr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-01887-w","article-title":"ROS-dependent HIF1\u03b1 activation under forced lipid catabolism entails glycolysis and mitophagy as mediators of higher proliferation rate in cervical cancer cells","volume":"40","author":"Castelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34279","article-title":"Colchicine inhibits pressure-induced tumor cell implantation within surgical wounds and enhances tumor-free survival in mice","volume":"118","author":"Craig","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178385","article-title":"Roflumilast mitigates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via inhibition of iron accumulation and ferroptosis","volume":"1008","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib6","first-page":"105","article-title":"Colchicine, cyclophosphamide and prednisone in the treatment of mild-moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: comparison of three currently available therapeutic regimens","volume":"12","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2023.189037","article-title":"Dual role of Snail1 as transcriptional repressor and activator","volume":"1879","author":"Garc\u00eda de Herreros","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.05.421","article-title":"Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activation disrupts iron homeostasis to drive ferroptosis","volume":"237","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.70043","article-title":"Add-on dextromethorphan improves the effects of pirfenidone in bleomycin-treated mice and patients with pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208536","article-title":"Colchicine for acute pericarditis: a randomized trial","volume":"369","author":"Imazio","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.121798","article-title":"SNAI transcription factors mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung fibrosis","volume":"64","author":"Jayachandran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2016.131","article-title":"Effects of colchicine on renal fibrosis and apoptosis in obstructed kidneys","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med. (Engl. Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402582","article-title":"A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"370","author":"King","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib14","article-title":"Empagliflozin alleviates iron accumulation and ferroptosis to mitigate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis through TFEB-mediated regulation of ACSL4 and GPX4","volume":"1010","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib15","article-title":"Inhibition of the 4-hydroxynonenal-regulated JNK\/c-Jun pathway improves bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120071","article-title":"Qingfeiyin decoction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis:Lung-targeted components and PI3K-AKT modulation","volume":"351","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.74","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Martinez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021372","article-title":"Colchicine in patients with chronic coronary disease","volume":"383","author":"Nidorf","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"68","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib19","first-page":"281","article-title":"Colchicine treatment of liver fibrosis","volume":"53","author":"Nikolaidis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102509","article-title":"Inhibition of ferroptosis and iron accumulation alleviates pulmonary fibrosis in a bleomycin model","volume":"57","author":"Pei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21113","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M211304200","article-title":"Transforming growth factor \u03b21 induces Snail transcription factor in epithelial cell lines: mechanisms for epithelial mesenchymal transitions","volume":"278","author":"Peinado","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.atm_132_25","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of pirfenidone and nintedanib in pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2018.10.008","article-title":"Of mice and men: the physiological role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)","volume":"1864","author":"Schreiber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111148","article-title":"OGG1 promoted lung fibrosis by activating fibroblasts via interacting with Snail1","volume":"126","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.10.070","article-title":"Adipose Snail1 regulates lipolysis and lipid partitioning by suppressing adipose triacylglycerol lipase expression","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2020.5730","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation, GSH depletion, and SLC7A11 inhibition are common causes of EMT and ferroptosis in A549 cells, but different in specific mechanisms","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912388","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of low-dose colchicine after myocardial infarction","volume":"381","author":"Tardif","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci6040082","article-title":"Low-dose naltrexone (LDN)\u2014Review of therapeutic utilization","volume":"6","author":"Toljan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L525","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00163.2007","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2-induced epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition: mechanisms and implications for fibrotic lung disease","volume":"293","author":"Willis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2009.5","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adk0330","article-title":"TRPML1 triggers ferroptosis defense and is a potential therapeutic target in AKT-hyperactivated cancer","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1173","article-title":"Dual regulation of Snail by GSK-3\u03b2-mediated phosphorylation in control of epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100747","article-title":"Fat mobilization in adipose tissue is promoted by adipose triglyceride lipase","volume":"306","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001429992600854X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001429992600854X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:19:03Z","timestamp":1791469143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001429992600854X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S001429992600854X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Targeting the Snail1\u2013ATGL\u2013ferroptosis\u2013EMT axis via AKT\u2013GSK3\u03b2 signaling: Low-dose colchicine attenuates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.179372","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"179372"}}