{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:13:31Z","timestamp":1792466011018,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejpn-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Paediatric Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T12:34:09Z","timestamp":1656246849000},"page":"110-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Newer disease modifying treatments in pediatric onset multiple sclerosis: Experience from a single center"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7943-9611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismail","family":"Solmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2515-0094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u0131nar","family":"Acar Ozen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safak","family":"Parlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asl\u0131","family":"Tuncer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banu","family":"Anlar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513484547","article-title":"International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group criteria for pediatric multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated central nervous system demyelinating disorders: revisions to the 2007 definitions","volume":"19","author":"Krupp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14228","article-title":"Treatment in childhood central nervous system demyelinating disorders","volume":"61","author":"Konuskan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib4","author":"Food and Drug Association"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-019-0592-z","article-title":"Newer treatment approaches in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Macaron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40893-017-0022-6","article-title":"Pediatric versus adult MS: similar or different?","volume":"2","author":"Ghezzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Demyelinating Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2013.06.004","article-title":"Elevated relapse rates in pediatric compared to adult MS persist for at least 6 years","volume":"3","author":"Benson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085741","article-title":"Quantitative determination of regional lesion volume and distribution in children and adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Ghassemi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067597","article-title":"Natural history of multiple sclerosis with childhood onset","volume":"356","author":"Renoux","year":"2007","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2011.01.004","article-title":"Pediatric multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Chitnis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519846100","article-title":"Predictors of treatment outcome in patients with paediatric onset multiple sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Kopp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8040071","article-title":"Current advances in pediatric onset multiple sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800149","article-title":"Trial of fingolimod versus interferon beta-1a in pediatric multiple sclerosis","volume":"379","author":"Chitnis","year":"2018","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00364-1","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of teriflunomide in paediatric multiple sclerosis (TERIKIDS): a multicentre, double-blind, phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Chitnis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001008","article-title":"Use of disease-modifying therapies in pediatric relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the United Kingdom","volume":"8","author":"Abdel-Mannan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25737","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness of initial disease-modifying therapies in pediatric multiple sclerosis","volume":"88","author":"Krysko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511430704","article-title":"Consensus statement: evaluation of new and existing therapeutics for pediatric multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Chitnis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517732843","article-title":"Therapy of highly active pediatric multiple sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Huppke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2007.08.001","article-title":"Effectiveness of early beta interferon on the first attack after confirmed multiple sclerosis: a comparative cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Mikaeloff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.08.002","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and discontinuation of dimethyl fumarate and fingolimod in clinical practice at 12-month follow-up","volume":"10","author":"Hersh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073819855592","article-title":"A\u00a0review of available treatments, clinical evidence, and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pediatric multiple sclerosis in the United States","volume":"34","author":"Krupp","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Child Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518754364","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of pediatric MS patients starting treatment with injectable first-line agents: a multicentre, Italian, retrospective, observational study","volume":"25","author":"Baroncini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.08.012","article-title":"Binocular low-contrast letter acuity and the symbol digit modalities test improve the ability of the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite to predict disease in pediatric multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Waldman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.20588","article-title":"Association of initial disease-modifying therapy with later conversion to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"321","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-009-0083-1","article-title":"Long-term results of immunomodulatory treatment in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis: the Italian experience","volume":"30","author":"Ghezzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5486","article-title":"Disease activity free status: a new end point for a new era in multiple sclerosis clinical research?","volume":"71","author":"Bevan","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.3537","article-title":"Evaluation of no evidence of disease activity in a 7-year longitudinal multiple sclerosis cohort","volume":"72","author":"Rotstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib30","first-page":"100","article-title":"No evidence of disease activity including cognition (NEDA-3 plus) in na\u00efve pediatric multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab","volume":"267","author":"Margoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2019.1710417","article-title":"Cognitive functions in pediatric multiple sclerosis: 2-years follow-up","volume":"42","author":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14212","article-title":"Paediatric multiple sclerosis: a new era in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"61","author":"Duignan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2019.08.007","article-title":"Early effective treatment may protect from cognitive decline in paediatric multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Johnen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Paediatric Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090379822001003?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090379822001003?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:39:57Z","timestamp":1761071997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1090379822001003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S1090379822001003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-3798"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-3798","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Newer disease modifying treatments in pediatric onset multiple sclerosis: Experience from a single center","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.06.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}