{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:01:07Z","timestamp":1790874067416,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007109","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Ferrara","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAR2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAR2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejpn-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Paediatric Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T23:40:25Z","timestamp":1782949225000},"page":"76-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["High CSSI-24 scores in paediatric headache suggest a functional disorder and call for a neurodevelopmental biopsychosocial framework: A prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5130-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnese","family":"Suppiej","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Ciappini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3779-0355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Forest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Tagliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuditta","family":"Pellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1404-4314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Flacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Malaventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03793.x","article-title":"Prevalence of headache and migraine in children and adolescents: a systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"52","author":"Abu-Arafeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4081\/mi.2012.e9","article-title":"Headaches as somatoform disorders in children and adolescents","volume":"4","author":"Emich-Widera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ment. Illn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-016-0675-0","article-title":"Migraine in childhood: biobehavioural or psychosomatic disorder?","volume":"17","author":"Guidetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2022.110913","article-title":"Tension type headaches: whether they are primary or secondary headaches?","volume":"166","author":"Vaitkus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib5","first-page":"1","article-title":"The international classification of headache disorders","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib6","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV","year":"1998"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2010.08.005","article-title":"Somatoform disorders: 30 years of debate about criteria","volume":"70","author":"Schulte","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02535.x","article-title":"Annual research review: functional somatic symptoms and associated anxiety and depression \u2013 developmental psychopathology in pediatric practice","volume":"53","author":"Campo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib9","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-V","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1515\/prilozi-2016-0017","article-title":"Somatoform disorders \u2013 a pediatric experience","volume":"37","author":"Pop-Jordanova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prilozi"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.116707","article-title":"Incidence and 12-month outcome of non-transient childhood conversion disorder in the UK and Ireland","volume":"202","author":"Ani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000242235.83140.1f","article-title":"Conversion disorder in Australian pediatric practice","volume":"46","author":"Kozlowska","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000085","article-title":"Mind-body interactions in anxiety and somatic symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Mallorqu\u00ed-Bagu\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harv. Rev. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsn093","article-title":"Children's somatization inventory: psychometric properties of the revised form (CSI-24)","volume":"34","author":"Walker","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsn093","article-title":"Italian translation of the Children's Somatization Inventory, 2015","volume":"34","author":"Walker","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib16","series-title":"Manual for the Children's Somatic Symptoms Inventory (CSSI)","author":"Walker","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib17","series-title":"Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale\u2013","author":"Reynolds","year":"2008"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/0734282915580763","article-title":"The revised Children's manifest anxiety Scale\u2013second edition short form: examination of the psychometric properties of a brief measure of general anxiety in a sample of children and adolescents","volume":"33","author":"Lowe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychoeduc. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib19","series-title":"Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y1-Y2)","author":"Spielberger","year":"1983"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e3181c252b9","article-title":"Nonorganic (psychogenic) visual loss in children: a retrospective series","volume":"30","author":"Toldo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuro Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-017-0592-6","article-title":"\u201cMedically unexplained\u201d symptoms and symptom disorders in primary care: prognosis-based recognition and classification","volume":"18","author":"Rosendal","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Fam. Pract."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2019.02.005","article-title":"Somatic symptoms in pediatric patients with chronic pain: proposed clinical reference points for the Children's somatic symptoms inventory (formerly the Children's somatization inventory)","volume":"20","author":"Stone","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S129335","article-title":"Cohort description: the Danish study of functional disorders","volume":"9","author":"Dantoft","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.04.059","article-title":"Multisite pain is highly prevalent in children with functional abdominal pain disorders and is associated with increased morbidity","volume":"236","author":"Chumpitazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199907000-00015","article-title":"Somatic complaints and psychopathology in children and adolescents: stomach aches, musculoskeletal pains, and headaches","volume":"38","author":"Egger","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaclp.2021.10.008","article-title":"The development of somatic symptom disorder in children: psychological characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity","volume":"63","author":"Gershfeld-Litvin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Acad Consult-Liaison Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01906.x","article-title":"Somatic symptoms as a marker for severity in adolescent depression","volume":"99","author":"Bohman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-016-0671-4","article-title":"Behavioral management of headache in children and adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Faedda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib29","first-page":"CD003968","article-title":"Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents","volume":"9","author":"Fisher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012_bib30","article-title":"An observational study of headaches in children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain: relationship to mucosal inflammation and gastrointestinal and somatic symptoms","volume":"97","author":"Friesen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim.)"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Paediatric Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090379826000620?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090379826000620?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:14:43Z","timestamp":1790871283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1090379826000620"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S1090379826000620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-3798"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-3798","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"High CSSI-24 scores in paediatric headache suggest a functional disorder and call for a neurodevelopmental biopsychosocial framework: A prospective cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpn.2026.06.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Paediatric Neurology Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}