{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:42:25Z","timestamp":1791301345003,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,17]],"date-time":"2009-07-17T23:36:48Z","timestamp":1247873808000},"page":"215-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a statin\/caffeine combination against H5N1, H3N2 and H1N1 virus infection in BALB\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongmin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingmei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guowei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuge","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoiffe","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Shanahan-Prendergast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahai","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.10.051","article-title":"An overview of the epidemiology of avian influenza","volume":"25","author":"Alexander","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60716-8","article-title":"The safety of statins in clinical practice","volume":"370","author":"Armitage","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.41.020190.001425","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of caffeine","volume":"41","author":"Benowitz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.5.761","article-title":"Ribavirin small-particle-aerosol treatment of influenza B virus infection","volume":"32","author":"Bernstein","year":"1988","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2007.01.006","article-title":"Coffee and cardiovascular disease: in vitro, cellular, animal, and human studies","volume":"55","author":"Bonita","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68656-X","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated split virion influenza A\/Vietnam\/1194\/2004 (H5N1) vaccine: phase I randomized trial","volume":"367","author":"Bresson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-7051-9","article-title":"Caffeine analogs: biomedical impact","volume":"64","author":"Daly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054512","article-title":"Oseltamivir resistance during treatment of influenza A (H5N1) infection","volume":"353","author":"de Jong","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl376","article-title":"Use of neuraminidase inhibitors to combat pandemic influenza","volume":"58","author":"Democratis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib10","series-title":"The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready?","first-page":"194","article-title":"Clinical and experimental studies of the molecular pathophysiology of influenza","author":"Fedson","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1086\/505116","article-title":"Pandemic influenza: a potential role for statins in treatment and prophylaxis","volume":"43","author":"Fedson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2007.03.485","article-title":"Adjuvant effect of caffeine on acetylsalicylic acid anti-nociception: prostaglandin E2 synthesis determination in carrageenan-induced peripheral inflammation in rats","volume":"12","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Due\u00f1as","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1990.tb03568.x","article-title":"Evaluation of aspirin, caffeine, and their combination in postoperative oral surgery pain","volume":"10","author":"Forbes","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-1997","article-title":"Influenza and COPD mortality protection as pleiotropic, dose-dependent effects of statins","volume":"131","author":"Frost","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2007.202","article-title":"High frequency of amantadine-resistant influenza A (H3N2) viruses in the 2005\u20132006 season and rapid detection of amantadine-resistant influenza A (H3N2) viruses by MAMA-PCR","volume":"60","author":"Hata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.08.007","article-title":"Amantadine-resistance among H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated in Northern China","volume":"77","author":"He","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2006.02.002","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of caffeine: friend or foe?","volume":"111","author":"Horrigan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1026","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00354.2004","article-title":"Simvastatin attenuates vascular leak and inflammation in murine inflammatory lung injury","volume":"288","author":"Jacobson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1901","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of statins; clinical evidence and basic mechanisms","volume":"4","author":"Jain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.3.4.517","article-title":"Suppression by 1-\u03b2-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (virazole, ICN 1229) of influenza virus-induced infections in mice","volume":"3","author":"Khare","year":"1973","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16934-1","article-title":"Resistant influenza A viruses in children treated with oseltamivir: descriptive study","volume":"364","author":"Kiso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1201-1286","article-title":"Death by influenza virus protein","volume":"7","author":"Lamb","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.07.014","article-title":"Effect of caffeine on platelet inhibition by clopidogrel in healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"154","author":"Lev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69294-5","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated adjuvanted whole-virion influenza A (H5N1) vaccine: a phase I randomised controlled trial","volume":"368","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.06.041","article-title":"Enhancement of antinociception by co-administration of ibuprofen and caffeine in arthritic rats","volume":"544","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-43","article-title":"Passive immunotherapy for influenza A H5N1 virus infection with equine hyperimmune globulin F(ab\u2032)2 in mice","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000129774.09737.5B","article-title":"HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin profoundly improves survival in a murine model of sepsis","volume":"109","author":"Merx","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.502195","article-title":"Statin treatment after onset of sepsis in a murine model improves survival","volume":"112","author":"Merx","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(03)00202-8","article-title":"Caffeine and muscarinic antagonists act in synergy to inhibit haloperidol-induced catalepsy","volume":"45","author":"Moo-Puc","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.01.083","article-title":"Inactivated influenza H5N1 whole-virus vaccine with aluminum adjuvant induces homologous and heterologous protective immunities against lethal challenge with highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses in a mouse model","volume":"25","author":"Ninomiya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.94.2.386","article-title":"Coffee drinking and prevalence of bronchial asthma","volume":"94","author":"Pagano","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib32","first-page":"37","article-title":"Effect of caffeine on experimental influenza in mice","volume":"36","author":"Prahoveanu","year":"1985","journal-title":"Virologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01681","article-title":"Lipid rafts and membrane dynamics","volume":"118","author":"Rajendran","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib34","first-page":"493","article-title":"A simple method for estimating fifty percent endpoints","volume":"27","author":"Reed","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am. J. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270007299762","article-title":"Caffeine accelerates absorption and enhances the analgesic effect of acetaminophen","volume":"47","author":"Renner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(94)70139-3","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of aerosolized ribavirin in young children hospitalized with influenza: a double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"125","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)00450-8","article-title":"Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant: a review of pharmacology and mechanisms of action","volume":"45","author":"Sawynok","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.27.3.325","article-title":"Statins and the risk of pneumonia: a population-based, nested case-control study","volume":"27","author":"Schlienger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1126\/science.177.4050.705","article-title":"Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of virazole: 1-\u03b2-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide","volume":"177","author":"Sidwell","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.31.8.1285","article-title":"Oral ribavirin treatment of influenza A and B","volume":"31","author":"Stein","year":"1987","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12543","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.23.12543-12551.2003","article-title":"Role for influenza virus envelope cholesterol in virus entry and infection","volume":"77","author":"Sun","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5056","article-title":"Statins, bugs and prophylaxis: intriguing possibilities","volume":"10","author":"Terblanche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib43","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 2009a. Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza A\/(H5N1). Available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/disease\/avian Influenza\/country\/cases_table_2009_04_23\/en\/index.html (accessed April 23, 2009)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib44","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 2009b. Influenza A(H1N1) \u2013 Update 10. Available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/don\/2009_05_02a\/en\/index.html (accessed May 2, 2009)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-50-2-429","article-title":"Antiviral effects of atropine and caffeine","volume":"50","author":"Yamazaki","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098709001894?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098709001894?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T03:48:45Z","timestamp":1739245725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0928098709001894"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0928098709001894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.07.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-0987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-0987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}}}