{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:46:55Z","timestamp":1782002815749,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31172365 and 31101469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31172365 and 31101469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"New Century Excellent Talents by Ministry of Education of China","award":["NCET-12-0475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCET-12-0475"]}]},{"name":"Fund of Youth Science and Technology Stars by Shaanxi Province","award":["2012KJXX-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012KJXX-16"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["QN2011035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QN2011035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,6]],"date-time":"2014-11-06T11:07:42Z","timestamp":1415272062000},"page":"45-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pseudocyanides of sanguinarine and chelerythrine and their series of structurally simple analogues as new anticancer lead compounds: Cytotoxic activity, structure\u2013activity relationship and apoptosis induction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Fang-Jun","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Ling","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-5995(02)80036-9","article-title":"Some aspects of the chemistry of quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids","volume":"27","author":"Dost\u00e1l","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stud. Nat. Prod. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.3987\/REV-06-610","article-title":"Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridines sanguinarine and chelerythrine: a review of investigations from chemical and biological studies","volume":"68","author":"Dvor\u00e1k","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heterocycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.03.077","article-title":"Suppression of angiogenesis by the plant alkaloid, Sanguinarine","volume":"317","author":"Eun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1991.326","article-title":"Are cancer cells acidic?","volume":"64","author":"Griffiths","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10413","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules180910413","article-title":"2-(Substituted phenyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2-iums as novel antifungal lead compounds: biological evaluation and structure\u2013activity relationships","volume":"18","author":"Hou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2003.08.007","article-title":"Sanguinarine and chelerythrine: assessment of safety on pigs in ninety days feeding experiment","volume":"42","author":"Kosina","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2011.03.023","article-title":"Identification of benzo[c]phenanthridine metabolites in human hepatocytes by liquid chromatography with electrospray ion-trap and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry","volume":"879","author":"Kosina","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1135\/cccc19862626","article-title":"Reduction of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids by NADH and NADPH","volume":"51","author":"Kovar","year":"1986","journal-title":"Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971493","article-title":"Antiinflammatory activity of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids from Chelidonium majus","volume":"43","author":"Lenfeld","year":"1981","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2005.10.019","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro sensitization of leukemic cells to adriamycin-induced apoptosis by pentoxifylline. Involvement of caspase cascades and I\u03baB phosphorylation","volume":"103","author":"Lerma-D\u00edaz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c12-00876","article-title":"Synthesis of 2-aryl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ium bromides and their in vitro acaricidal activity against Psoroptes cuniculi","volume":"61","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2008.05.019","article-title":"Production of hydrogen peroxide and redox cycling can explain how sanguinarine and chelerythrine induce rapid apoptosis","volume":"477","author":"Matkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2010.482055","article-title":"Structural modification of sanguinarine and chelerythrine and their antibacterial activity","volume":"25","author":"Miao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c12-00618","article-title":"Structural modification of sanguinarine and chelerythrine and their in vitro acaricidal activity against Psoroptes cuniculi","volume":"60","author":"Miao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.1021\/jo9718758","article-title":"Synthesis of NK109, an anticancer benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid","volume":"63","author":"Nakanishi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1021\/np990005d","article-title":"Structural considerations of NK109, an antitumor benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid","volume":"62","author":"Nakanishi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(00)00467-4","article-title":"Synthesis of derivatives of NK109, 7-OH benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid, and evaluation of their cytotoxicities and reduction-resistant properties","volume":"10","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2005.02.074","article-title":"Antimalarial benzo[c]phenanthridines","volume":"15","author":"Nyangulu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4504","DOI":"10.1021\/jm050320z","article-title":"Highly stable phenanthridinium frameworks as a new class of tunable DNA binding agents with cytotoxic properties","volume":"48","author":"Parenty","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/jhet.5570180202","article-title":"A Review of the chemistry of the antitumor benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids nitidine and fagaronine and of the related anti-tumor alkaloid coralyne","volume":"18","author":"Phillips","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Heterocycl. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.17221\/5534-VETMED","article-title":"Safety assessment of sanguiritrin, Alkaloid fraction of Macleaya cordata, in rats","volume":"51","author":"Psotova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0110","series-title":"Electron Microscopy in Human Medicine \u2013 Instruments and Techniques","first-page":"116","article-title":"Embedding, sectioning and staining","author":"Seveus","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-013-9290-8","article-title":"Antitumour activities of sanguinarine and related alkaloids","volume":"13","author":"Slaninova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1135\/cccc19911116","article-title":"Alkaloids from Stylophorum lasiocarpum (OLIV.) FEDDE","volume":"56","author":"Slavik","year":"1991","journal-title":"Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1021\/np50073a012","article-title":"Evaluation of natural products as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase","volume":"54","author":"Tan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(97)00678-X","article-title":"Anti-platelet aggregation constituents from formosan Toddalia asiatica","volume":"48","author":"Tsai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2008.02.007","article-title":"Chelerythrine and dihydrochelerythrine induce G1 phase arrest and bimodal cell death in human leukemia HL-60 cells","volume":"22","author":"Vrba","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.016","article-title":"Cytotoxic activity of sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells","volume":"23","author":"Vrba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.03.032","article-title":"In vivo anthelmintic activity of five alkaloids from Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim) Fedde against Dactylogyrus intermedius in Carassius auratus","volume":"171","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13026","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules171113026","article-title":"In vitro Antifungal activity of sanguinarine and chelerythrine derivatives against phytopathogenic fungi","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c13-00221","article-title":"Synthesis and in vitro antifungal activities of new 2-aryl-6,7-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ium bromides","volume":"61","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8051","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19068051","article-title":"A class of promising acaricidal tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives: synthesis, biological evaluation and structure\u2013activity relationships","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2011.04.035","article-title":"Isolation of bioactive components from Chelidonium majus L. with activity against Trichodina sp","volume":"318","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00200a011","article-title":"Antileukemic activity of ungeremine and related compounds. Preparation of analogues of ungeremine by a practical photochemical reaction","volume":"21","author":"Zee-Cheng","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092809871400414X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092809871400414X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T11:45:21Z","timestamp":1760528721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S092809871400414X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S092809871400414X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-0987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-0987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pseudocyanides of sanguinarine and chelerythrine and their series of structurally simple analogues as new anticancer lead compounds: Cytotoxic activity, structure\u2013activity relationship and apoptosis induction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.10.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}