{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:02:08Z","timestamp":1792785728067,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,23]],"date-time":"2018-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Doctoral Programme in Drug Research (University of Eastern Finland), Business Finland","award":["637\/31\/2015 TEKES"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["637\/31\/2015 TEKES"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cyydd11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["311122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["268868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["268868"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]],"date-time":"2018-07-18T09:09:58Z","timestamp":1531904998000},"page":"106-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Esterase activity in porcine and albino rabbit ocular tissues"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Emma M.","family":"Heikkinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva M.","family":"del Amo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veli-Pekka","family":"Ranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6064-3102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arto","family":"Urtti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kati-Sisko","family":"Vellonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marika","family":"Ruponen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12355","article-title":"Age-related cataract and drug therapy: opportunities and challenges for topical antioxidant delivery to the lens","volume":"67","author":"Abdelkader","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0010","first-page":"817","article-title":"Site of ocular hydrolysis of a prodrug, dipivefrin, and a comparison of its ocular metabolism with that of the parent compound, epinephrine","volume":"19","author":"Anderson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.03.008","article-title":"Do we need to study metabolism and distribution in the eye: why, when, and are we there yet?","volume":"106","author":"Argikar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.02.013","article-title":"Differentially cleaving peptides as a strategy for controlled drug release in human retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"251","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201700200","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid graft copolymers with cleavable arms as potential intravitreal drug delivery vehicles","volume":"18","author":"Borke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688209019993","article-title":"Influence of chain length on the in vitro hydrolysis of model ester prodrugs by ocular esterases","volume":"2","author":"Chang","year":"1982","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0040","first-page":"487","article-title":"Improved corneal penetration of timolol by prodrugs as a means to reduce systemic drug load","volume":"28","author":"Chang","year":"1987","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00176789","article-title":"Hydrolases of anterior segment tissues in the normal human, pig and rat eye: a comparative study","volume":"232","author":"Coupland","year":"1994","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10072","article-title":"Effect of mono- and Di-acylation on the ocular disposition of ganciclovir: physicochemical properties, ocular bioreversion, and antiviral activity of short chain ester prodrugs","volume":"91","author":"Dias","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200043335342","article-title":"Role of metabolism in ocular drug delivery","volume":"5","author":"Duvvuri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.108.024885","article-title":"Disposition and metabolism of a novel prostanoid antiglaucoma medication, tafluprost, following ocular administration to rats","volume":"37","author":"Fukano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1089\/108076803321637627","article-title":"The hydrolysis of the prostaglandin analog prodrug bimatoprost to 17-phenyl-trinor PGF2\u03b1by human and rabbit ocular tissue","volume":"19","author":"Hellberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.092726","article-title":"Nucleoside ester prodrug substrate specificity of liver carboxylesterase","volume":"316","author":"Landowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600720310","article-title":"Esterase activities in adult rabbit eyes","volume":"72","author":"Lee","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688209020024","article-title":"Subcellular distribution of esterases in the bovine eye","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"1982","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2510030402","article-title":"Esterase distribution in the rabbit cornea and its implications in ocular drug bioavailability","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biopharm. Drug Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688509003358","article-title":"Ocular esterase composition in albino and pigmented rabbits: possible implications in ocular prodrug design and evaluation","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"1985","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.28.2.77.26233","article-title":"Ocular disposition of novel lipophilic diester prodrugs of ganciclovir following intravitreal administration using microdialysis","volume":"28","author":"Macha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(78)35668-2","article-title":"Dipivalyl epinephrine: a new pro-drug in the treatment of glaucoma","volume":"85","author":"Mandell","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1159\/000267220","article-title":"Characterization of esterases involved in the hydrolysis of dipivefrin hydrochloride","volume":"25","author":"Nakamura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3109\/03602532.2014.921190","article-title":"Ocular cytochrome P450s and transporters: roles in disease and endobiotic and xenobiotic disposition","volume":"46","author":"Nakano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.07.027","article-title":"Melanin binding study of clinical drugs with cassette dosing and rapid equilibrium dialysis inserts","volume":"109","author":"Pelkonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3240935","article-title":"Modulation of cathepsin D activity in retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"324","author":"Rakoczy","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(83)90041-8","article-title":"The role of esterase activity in the ocular disposition of dipivalyl epinephrine in rabbits","volume":"17","author":"Redell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0130","article-title":"Implications of melanin binding in ocular drug delivery","author":"Rimpel\u00e4","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0135","first-page":"745","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of a new antiglaucoma drug, latanoprost, in the rabbit","volume":"26","author":"Sj\u00f6quist","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0140","first-page":"0","article-title":"Comparison of ocular tissue weights (volumes) and tissue collection techniques in commonly used preclinical animal species","volume":"92","author":"Struble","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0145","article-title":"Expression, activity and pharmacokinetic impact of ocular transporters","author":"Vellonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.30.5.541","article-title":"Human and rodent carboxylesterases: immunorelatedness, overlapping substrate specificity, differential sensitivity to serine enzyme inhibitors, and tumor-related expression","volume":"30","author":"Xie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098718303324?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098718303324?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T08:10:20Z","timestamp":1536048620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0928098718303324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0928098718303324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-0987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-0987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Esterase activity in porcine and albino rabbit ocular tissues","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.07.034","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}