{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:35:49Z","timestamp":1786988149386,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010767","name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T01:48:49Z","timestamp":1590371329000},"page":"105377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effect of reduced gastric acid secretion on the gastrointestinal disposition of a ritonavir amorphous solid dispersion in fasted healthy volunteers: an in vivo - in vitro investigation."],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Jens","family":"Van Den Abeele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Kostantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Kourentas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6234-1009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James C.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Vertzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Beato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6958-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Reppas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Tack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2595-388X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Augustijns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.03.001","article-title":"Classification of orally administered drugs on the World Health Organization Model list of Essential Medicines according to the biopharmaceutics classification system","volume":"58","author":"Lindenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chavda, H., C. Patel, and I. Anand, Biopharmaceutics classification system. Vol. 1. 2010. 62-69.","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-8453.59514"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.112.005660","article-title":"Strategies to address low drug solubility in discovery and development","volume":"65","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacology Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0004","unstructured":"BCFI. Samenvatting Productkenmerken Ritonavir. 2016[cited 2016 03\/08\/2016]; Available from: http:\/\/www.bcfi.be\/nl\/chapters\/12?frag=11114&trade_family=19265."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10566","article-title":"Ritonavir\u2013PEG 8000Amorphous Solid Dispersions: In vitro and In vivo Evaluations","volume":"93","author":"Law","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0006","article-title":"In vitro models for the prediction of in vivo performance of oral dosage forms: recent progress from partnership through the IMI OrBiTo collaboration","author":"Butler","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mann, J., et\u00a0al., Validation of Dissolution Testing with Biorelevant Media: An OrBiTo Study. 2017.14(12): p. 4192-4201.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00198"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011910801212","article-title":"Evaluation of Various Dissolution Media for Predicting In Vivo Performance of Class I and II Drugs","volume":"15","author":"Galia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2005.03.002","article-title":"Simulation of fasting gastric conditions and its importance for the in vivo dissolution of lipophilic compounds","volume":"60","author":"Vertzoni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2015.03.009","article-title":"In-vitro simulation of luminal conditions for evaluation of performance of oral drug products: Choosing the appropriate test media","volume":"93","author":"Markopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2017.02.009","article-title":"The impact of reduced gastric acid secretion on dissolution of salts of weak bases in the fasted upper gastrointestinal lumen: Data in biorelevant media and in human aspirates","volume":"115","author":"Litou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1021\/mp100377m","article-title":"Excipient-mediated supersaturation stabilization in human intestinal fluids","volume":"8","author":"Bevernage","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2013.08.027","article-title":"A review of drug solubility in human intestinal fluids: implications for the prediction of oral absorption","volume":"57","author":"Augustijns","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"Supplement C","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2015.11.012","article-title":"An in vitro biorelevant gastrointestinal transfer (BioGIT) system for forecasting concentrations in the fasted upper small intestine: Design, implementation, and evaluation","volume":"82","author":"Kourentas","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2010.10.009","article-title":"Food-dependent disintegration of immediate release fosamprenavir tablets: In vitro evaluation using magnetic resonance imaging and a dynamic gastrointestinal system","volume":"77","author":"Brouwers","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-012-9333-x","article-title":"An Investigation into the Utility of a Multi-compartmental, Dynamic, System of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract to Support Formulation Development and Establish Bioequivalence of Poorly Soluble Drugs","volume":"14","author":"Dickinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"The AAPS Journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24177","article-title":"Application and validation of an advanced gastrointestinal in vitro model for the evaluation of drug product performance in pharmaceutical development","volume":"103","author":"Barker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2013.04.002","article-title":"Biopharmaceutical classification of poorly soluble drugs with respect to \"enabling formulations\"","volume":"50","author":"Buckley","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24603","article-title":"Characterization of Human Duodenal Fluids in Fasted and Fed State Conditions","volume":"105","author":"Riethorst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-016-1882-8","article-title":"Characteristics of the Human Upper Gastrointestinal Contents in the Fasted State Under Hypo- and A-chlorhydric Gastric Conditions Under Conditions of Typical Drug - Drug Interaction Studies","volume":"33","author":"Litou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2016.08.060","article-title":"The dynamic gastric environment and its impact on drug and formulation behaviour","volume":"96","author":"Van Den Abeele","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-011-0506-6","article-title":"Precipitation in and supersaturation of contents of the upper small intestine after administration of two weak bases to fasted adults","volume":"28","author":"Psachoulias","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.09.014","article-title":"Gastrointestinal dissolution, supersaturation and precipitation of the weak base indinavir in healthy volunteers","author":"Rubbens","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24690","article-title":"Supersaturation and Precipitation of Posaconazole Upon Entry in the Upper Small Intestine in Humans","author":"Hens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12151","article-title":"Effect of meal and antisecretory agents on the pharmacokinetics of danoprevir\/ritonavir in healthy volunteers","volume":"66","author":"Morcos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0343-x","article-title":"Volume, distribution and acidity of gastric secretion on and off proton pump inhibitor treatment: a randomized double-blind controlled study in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and healthy subjects","volume":"15","author":"Steingoetter","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.03947.x","article-title":"Effect of proton pump inhibition on the gastric volume: assessed by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"29","author":"Babaei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.01.005","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Comparative efficacy of H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors for reducing aspiration risk during anaesthesia depending on the administration route and schedule","volume":"65","author":"Puig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2019.04.017","article-title":"Biorelevant dissolution testing of a weak base: Interlaboratory reproducibility and investigation of parameters controlling in vitro precipitation","volume":"140","author":"Berben","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.07.008","article-title":"Gastrointestinal transfer: in vivo evaluation and implementation in in vitro and in silico predictive tools","volume":"63","author":"Hens","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-018-0231-8","article-title":"The BioGIT System: a Valuable In Vitro Tool to Assess the Impact of Dose and Formulation on Early Exposure to Low Solubility Drugs After Oral Administration","volume":"20","author":"Kourentas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aaps j"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2019.105107","article-title":"The mechanism of solifenacin release from a pH-responsive ion-complex oral suspension in the fasted upper gastrointestinal lumen","volume":"142","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.10.018","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the impact of gastrointestinal transfer on luminal performance of commercially available products of posaconazole and itraconazole using BioGIT","volume":"515","author":"Kourentas","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-018-1059-3","article-title":"Physiologically Based Absorption Modeling of Salts of Weak Bases Based on Data in Hypochlorhydric and Achlorhydric Biorelevant Media","author":"Kesisoglou","year":"2018","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2018.03.019","article-title":"Using Computational Fluid Dynamics to Compare Shear Rate and Turbulence in the TIM-Automated Gastric Compartment With USP Apparatus II","volume":"107","author":"Hopgood","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098720301664?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098720301664?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T11:54:30Z","timestamp":1760529270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0928098720301664"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0928098720301664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-0987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-0987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of reduced gastric acid secretion on the gastrointestinal disposition of a ritonavir amorphous solid dispersion in fasted healthy volunteers: an in vivo - in vitro investigation.","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105377","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105377"}}