{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T01:15:10Z","timestamp":1789089310201,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T18:07:17Z","timestamp":1648318037000},"page":"106172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fate of inhaled aerosols under the influence of glottal motion in a realistic in silico human tracheobronchial tree model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pantelis","family":"Koullapis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3501-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavros C.","family":"Kassinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8217-3842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu\u00e9","family":"Sznitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compfluid.2007.07.021","article-title":"High resolution turbulence modelling of airflow in an idealised human extra-thoracic airway","volume":"37","author":"Ball","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10494-007-9113-3","article-title":"Mean flow structures inside the human upper airway","volume":"81","author":"Ball","year":"2008","journal-title":"Flow Turbul. Combust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00348-015-1966-y","article-title":"Three-dimensional inspiratory flow in the upper and central human airways","volume":"56","author":"Banko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20140880","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.0880","article-title":"Dynamics of airflow in a short inhalation","volume":"12","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0005","first-page":"1269","article-title":"Respiratory movements of the vocal cords","volume":"54","author":"Brancatisano","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.10.033","article-title":"Influence of glottic aperture on the tracheal flow","volume":"40","author":"Brouns","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0007","first-page":"295","article-title":"Breath profiles for testing new DPI devices in development","volume":"1","author":"Byron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103784","article-title":"Numerical study of the impact of glottis properties on the airflow field in the human trachea using V-LES","volume":"295","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4077\/CJP.2013.BAA072","article-title":"Determination of glottic opening fluctuation by a new method based on nasopharyngoscopy","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2798296","article-title":"Measurements of airway dimensions and calculation of mass transfer characteristics of the human oral passage","volume":"119","author":"Cheng","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1080\/02786820300906","article-title":"Aerosol deposition in the extra thoracic region","volume":"37","author":"Cheng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aerosol. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1080\/027868299304165","article-title":"Particle deposition in a cast of human oral airways","volume":"31","author":"Cheng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aerosol. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3247170","article-title":"On intra- and intersubject variabilities of airflow in the human lungs","volume":"21","author":"Choi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00144.2020","article-title":"Anatomical variability in the upper tracheobronchial tree: sex-based differences and implications for personalized inhalation therapies","volume":"130","author":"Christou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2003.1351","article-title":"Is inhalation rate important for a dry powder inhaler? Using the in-check dial to identify these rates","volume":"97","author":"Chrystyn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2011.0916","article-title":"Aerosol deposition in health and disease","volume":"25","author":"Darquenne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Aerosol. Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0207711","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207711","article-title":"Targeting inhaled aerosol delivery to upper airways in children: insight from computational fluid dynamics (cfd)","volume":"13","author":"Das","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1089\/089426801316970321","article-title":"In vitro monodisperse aerosol deposition in a mouth and throat with six different inhalation devices","volume":"14","author":"DeHaan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Aerosol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2017.03.001","article-title":"Dynamics of the driving force during the normal vocal fold vibration cycle","volume":"31","author":"DeJonckere","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2012.0975","article-title":"In vitro tests for aerosol deposition II: IVIVCs for different dry powder inhalers in normal adults","volume":"26","author":"Delvadia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Aerosol. Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1448-5","article-title":"Fundamentals of aerosol therapy in critical care","volume":"20","author":"Dhanani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0022","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA","article-title":"An in silico investigation of a lobe-specific targeted pulmonary drug delivery method","author":"Feng","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"091904","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4821812","article-title":"Analysis of non-spherical particle transport in complex internal shear flows","volume":"25","author":"Feng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2004.03.003","article-title":"In vitro intersubject and intrasubject deposition measurements in realistic mouth-throat geometries","volume":"35","author":"Grgic","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Aerosol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01117.2014","article-title":"Revisiting pulmonary acinar particle transport: convection, sedimentation, diffusion, and their interplay","volume":"118","author":"Hofemeier","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-fluid-121108-145453","article-title":"Airflow and particle transport in the human respiratory system","volume":"42","author":"Kleinstreuer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.09.003","article-title":"Regional aerosol deposition in the human airways: the SimInhale benchmark case and a critical assessment of in silico methods","volume":"113","author":"Koullapis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.11.029","article-title":"Particle deposition in a realistic geometry of the human conducting airways: effects of inlet velocity profile, inhalation flowrate and electrostatic charge","volume":"49","author":"Koullapis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2017.12.001","article-title":"In silico assessment of mouth-throat effects on regional deposition in the upper tracheobronchial airways","volume":"117","author":"Koullapis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Aerosol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobme.2019.11.003","article-title":"Multiscale in silico lung modeling strategies for aerosol inhalation therapy and drug delivery","volume":"11","author":"Koullapis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2020.105541","article-title":"Towards whole-lung simulations of aerosol deposition: a model of the deep lung","volume":"144","author":"Koullapis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Aerosol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2010.517578","article-title":"Regional deposition of particles in an image-based airway model: large-eddy simulation and left-right lung ventilation asymmetry","volume":"45","author":"Lambert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aerosol. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.02.006","article-title":"Characteristics of the turbulent laryngeal jet and its effect on airflow in the human intra-thoracic airways","volume":"157","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411915600005","article-title":"A method for in vitro regional aerosol deposition measurement in a model of the human tracheobronchial tree by the positron emission tomography","volume":"229","author":"Lizal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech.Eng. Part H"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411911430188","article-title":"Development of a realistic human airway model","volume":"226","author":"Lizal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech.Eng. Part H"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2010.04.006","article-title":"CFD simulations of enhanced condensational growth (ECG) applied to respiratory drug delivery with comparisons to in vitro data","volume":"41","author":"Longest","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Aerosol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.05.009","article-title":"In silico models of aerosol delivery to the respiratory tract-development and applications","volume":"64","author":"Longest","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-012-0691-y","article-title":"Comparing MDI and DPI aerosol deposition using in vitro experiments and a new stochastic individual path (SIP) model of the conducting airways","volume":"29","author":"Longest","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/02786829308959627","article-title":"Fluid dynamics of the human larynx and upper tracheobronchial airways","volume":"19","author":"Martonen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aerosol. Sci. Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.2514\/3.12149","article-title":"Two-equation\u00a0eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications","volume":"32","author":"Menter","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIAA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2012.10.003","article-title":"Direct numerical simulations of flow in realistic mouth-throat geometries","volume":"57","author":"Nicolaou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Aerosol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0042","first-page":"911","article-title":"Air and soul: the science and application of aerosol therapy","volume":"55","author":"Rubin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0043","series-title":"Glottal motion and its impact on airflow and aerosol deposition in upper airways during human breathing","author":"Scheinherr","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2015.05.014","article-title":"Realistic glottal motion and airflow rate during human breathing","volume":"37","author":"Scheinherr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2012.713685","article-title":"Glottal motion and its impact on the respiratory flow","volume":"15","author":"Scheinherr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2004.01.001","article-title":"A digital reference model of the human bronchial tree","volume":"28","author":"Schmidt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comput. Med. Imaging Graph."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12030230","article-title":"In silico optimization of fiber-shaped aerosols in inhalation therapy for augmented targeting and deposition across the respiratory tract","volume":"12","author":"Shachar-Berman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatfluidflow.2016.07.013","article-title":"Direct numerical simulation of particle laden flow in a human airway bifurcation model","volume":"61","author":"Stylianou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29305603","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4038896","article-title":"Assessing airflow sensitivity to healthy and diseased lung conditions in a computational fluid dynamics model validated in vitro","volume":"140","author":"Sul","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"083311","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0053980","article-title":"Computational evaluation of drug delivery in human respiratory tract under realistic inhalation","volume":"33","author":"Tiwari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0051","series-title":"Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering","article-title":"Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System","author":"Tu","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-016-2050-x","article-title":"The impact of inspiratory flow rate on drug delivery to the lungs with dry powder inhalers","volume":"34","author":"Weers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.2514\/3.10041","article-title":"Reassessment of the scale-determining equation\u00a0for advanced turbulence models","volume":"26","author":"Wilcox","year":"1988","journal-title":"AIAA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euromechflu.2018.04.011","article-title":"Effects of glottis motion on airflow and energy expenditure in a human upper airway model","volume":"72","author":"Xi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Mech. B Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-006-9245-y","article-title":"Transport and deposition of micro-aerosols in realistic and simplified models of the oral airway","volume":"35","author":"Xi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01233.2007","article-title":"Effects of the laryngeal jet on nano and micro particle transport and deposition in an approximated model of the upper tracheo-bronchial airways","volume":"104","author":"Xi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physio."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-017-1588-0","article-title":"Numerical study of dynamic glottis and tidal breathing on respiratory sounds in a human upper airway model","volume":"22","author":"Xi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1089\/jam.2007.0584","article-title":"In vivo-in vitro comparison of deposition in three mouth-throat models with Qvar and turbuhaler inhalers","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Aerosol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2019.103532","article-title":"Glottis motion effects on the particle transport and deposition in a subject-specific mouth-to-trachea model: a CFPD study","volume":"116","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098722000574?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098722000574?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T12:02:48Z","timestamp":1760529768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0928098722000574"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S0928098722000574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-0987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-0987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fate of inhaled aerosols under the influence of glottal motion in a realistic in silico human tracheobronchial tree model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106172","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106172"}}