{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T14:00:38Z","timestamp":1793714438701,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T02:01:10Z","timestamp":1683597670000},"page":"106462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Blood-brain barrier perturbations by uremic toxins: Key contributors in chronic kidney disease-induced neurological disorders?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"187","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0983-8996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quentin","family":"Faucher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas K","family":"van der Made","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"De Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalinde","family":"Masereeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13\u201125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.07.030","article-title":"Structure and function of the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"37","author":"Abbott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00370","article-title":"Indoxyl sulfate affects glial function increasing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in chronic kidney disease\u00a0: interaction between astrocytes and microglia","volume":"8","author":"Adesso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284\u20112292","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab114","article-title":"Potential interactions between uraemic toxins and drugs\u00a0: an application in kidney transplant recipients treated with calcineurin inhibitors","volume":"37","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dialysis Transplant.: Off. Public. Eur. Dialysis Transplant Assoc. - Eur. Renal Assoc."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10070303","article-title":"The impact of uremic toxins on cerebrovascular and cognitive disorders","volume":"10","author":"Assem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2015.21","article-title":"From blood\u2013brain barrier to blood\u2013brain interface\u00a0: new opportunities for CNS drug delivery","volume":"15","author":"Banks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509\u20111521","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2019070728","article-title":"Uremic toxic blood-brain barrier disruption mediated by AhR activation leads to cognitive impairment during experimental renal dysfunction","volume":"31","author":"Bobot","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.569881","article-title":"Kidney ischemia\/reperfusion injury induces changes in the drug transporter expression at the blood\u2013brain barrier in vivo and in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Burek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445\u2011457","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13989","article-title":"Multiple drug transporters contribute to the brain transfer of levofloxacin","volume":"29","author":"Cen","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051\u20111059","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03550.x","article-title":"Involvement of organic anion transporters in the efflux of uremic toxins across the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"96","author":"Deguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11243963","article-title":"Quantitative targeted absolute proteomics for better characterization of an in vitro human blood-brain barrier model derived from hematopoietic stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Dehouck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758\u2011773","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2545","article-title":"Understanding the blood-brain barrier and beyond\u00a0: challenges and opportunities for novel CNS therapeutics","volume":"111","author":"de Lange","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0012","series-title":"Brenner and Rector's The Kidney","author":"FASN","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12040245","article-title":"Gut-derived metabolites and their role in immune dysfunction in chronic kidney disease","volume":"12","author":"Glorieux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21\u201125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2018.10.033","article-title":"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in regulatory science\u00a0: an update from the U.S. food and drug administration's office of clinical pharmacology","volume":"108","author":"Grimstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/acb571","article-title":"Advancements in modelling human blood brain-barrier on a chip","volume":"15","author":"Guarino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371\u2011381","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10175","article-title":"Quinolinic acid upregulates chemokine production and chemokine receptor expression in astrocytes","volume":"41","author":"Guillemin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0017","series-title":"Brain and Kidney Crosstalk","first-page":"89\u2011117","article-title":"Brain and kidney crosstalk","author":"Gupta","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61\u201190","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2019.1555468","article-title":"Neurologic conditions and disorders of uremic syndrome of chronic kidney disease\u00a0: presentations, causes, and treatment strategies","volume":"12","author":"Hamed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08387-7","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier and gut barrier dysfunction in chronic kidney disease with a focus on circulating biomarkers and tight junction proteins","volume":"12","author":"Hernandez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343\u20111361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-021-03154-1","article-title":"The extension of the LeiCNS-PK3.0 model in combination with the \u201chandshake\u201d approach to understand brain tumor pathophysiology","volume":"39","author":"Hirasawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3939\u20113950","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22487","article-title":"Quantitative membrane protein expression at the blood-brain barrier of adult and younger cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"100","author":"Ito","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825\u2011892","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0506-8","article-title":"Renal drug transporters and drug interactions","volume":"56","author":"Ivanyuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0023","series-title":"Hemodialysis International. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis","first-page":"150\u2011160","article-title":"The nature, consequences, and management of neurological disorders in chronic kidney disease","volume":"22","author":"Jabbari","year":"2018"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1821809116","article-title":"Remote sensing and signaling in kidney proximal tubules stimulates gut microbiome-derived organic anion secretion","volume":"116","author":"Jansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-020-00230-3","article-title":"A blood\u2013brain barrier overview on structure, function, impairment, and biomarkers of integrity","volume":"17","author":"Kadry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-017-0457-1","article-title":"Indoxyl sulfate\u2014The uremic toxin linking hemostatic system disturbances with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"18","author":"Kami\u0144ski","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9483","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66421-y","article-title":"Neurobehavioral effects of uremic toxin-indoxyl sulfate in the rat model","volume":"10","author":"Karbowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115\u2011125","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2017-001657","article-title":"Neurological complications of renal dialysis and transplantation","volume":"18","author":"Karunaratne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9091252","article-title":"The AST-120 recovers uremic toxin-induced cognitive deficit via NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in astrocytes and microglia","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab223","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and neurological disorders\u00a0: are uraemic toxins the missing piece of the puzzle?","author":"Liabeuf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dialysis Transplant.: Off. Public. Eur. Dialysis Transplant. Assoc. - Eur. Renal Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020191","article-title":"Indoxyl sulfate induces apoptosis through oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway inhibition in human astrocytes","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561\u2011565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.09.052","article-title":"Residual renal function\u00a0: a paradigm shift","volume":"91","author":"Lowenstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499\u2011508","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2016.1168804","article-title":"ABC transporters at the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"12","author":"Mahringer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F296\u2011F302","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00100.2019","article-title":"Accumulation of uremic solutes in the cerebrospinal fluid in experimental acute renal failure","volume":"317","author":"Mair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. - Renal Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191\u2011208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2014.02.010","article-title":"The kidney and uremic toxin removal\u00a0: glomerulus or tubule?","volume":"34","author":"Masereeuw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0299-0","article-title":"Innovations in approaches to remove uraemic toxins","author":"Masereeuw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12060391","article-title":"Drugs commonly applied to kidney patients may compromise renal tubular uremic toxins excretion","volume":"12","author":"Mihaila","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317\u20111331","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-017-0110-8","article-title":"SLC and ABC transporters\u00a0: expression, localization, and species differences at the blood-brain and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers","volume":"19","author":"Morris","year":"2017","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39\u201146","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.111.041145","article-title":"Effects of chronic renal failure on brain drug transporters in rats","volume":"40","author":"Naud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301\u2011316","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0111-1","article-title":"Uraemic syndrome of chronic kidney disease\u00a0: altered remote sensing and signalling","volume":"15","author":"Nigam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40\u201153","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1818","article-title":"The systems biology of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters\u00a0: relevance to quantitative systems pharmacology","volume":"108","author":"Nigam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57\u201166","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.01108.x","article-title":"Role of blood-brain barrier organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) in the efflux of indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin\u00a0: its involvement in neurotransmitter metabolite clearance from the brain","volume":"83","author":"Ohtsuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0043","first-page":"1\u201114","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier\u00a0: physiology and strategies for drug delivery","volume":"165\u2011166","author":"Pandit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190062","article-title":"The blood\u2013brain barrier in health and disease\u00a0: important unanswered questions","volume":"217","author":"Profaci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227\u2011241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.09.025","article-title":"Uremic encephalopathy","volume":"101","author":"Rosner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13010095","article-title":"Impact of CNS diseases on drug delivery to brain extracellular and intracellular target sites in human\u00a0: a \u201cWHAT-IF\u201d simulation study","volume":"13","author":"Saleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725\u2011741","DOI":"10.1007\/s10928-021-09768-7","article-title":"Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid-to-brain extracellular fluid surrogacy is context-specific\u00a0: insights from LeiCNS-PK3.0 simulations","volume":"48","author":"Saleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10010019","article-title":"Impact of the oral adsorbent AST-120 on organ-specific accumulation of uremic toxins\u00a0: LC-MS\/MS and MS imaging techniques","volume":"10","author":"Sato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13122122","article-title":"An atlas of the quantitative protein expression of anti-epileptic-drug transporters, metabolizing enzymes and tight junctions at the blood\u2013brain barrier in epileptic patients","volume":"13","author":"Sato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00904-7","article-title":"Revisiting the neurovascular unit","volume":"24","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248\u2011256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.019","article-title":"Deleterious vascular effects of indoxyl sulfate and reversal by oral adsorbent AST-120","volume":"243","author":"Six","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins6061742","article-title":"Differential effects of indoxyl sulfate and inorganic phosphate in a murine cerebral endothelial cell line (bEnd.3)","volume":"6","author":"Stinghen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466\u2011476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.10.032","article-title":"Crosstalk between the nervous system and the kidney","volume":"97","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-6-36","article-title":"Effect of quinolinic acid on human astrocytes morphology and functions\u00a0: implications in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"6","author":"Ting","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515\u2011542","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2021.1899159","article-title":"Renal and non-renal response of ABC and SLC transporters in chronic kidney disease","volume":"17","author":"Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848\u20111853","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-310794","article-title":"Heart failure in patients with kidney disease","volume":"103","author":"Tuegel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523\u20111532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0076-7","article-title":"Leucine competes with kynurenine for blood-to-brain transport and prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior in mice","volume":"24","author":"Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0058","first-page":"508\u2011517","article-title":"Organic cation transporters are involved in fluoxetine transport across the blood-brain barrier in vivo and in vitro","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4152\u20114168","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00445","article-title":"Furosemide as a probe molecule for the treatment of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e06221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06221","article-title":"Effect of uremic toxins on hippocampal cell damage\u00a0: analysis in vitro and in rat model of chronic kidney disease","volume":"7","author":"Watanabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"10075","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238\u20111252","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32064-5","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease","volume":"389","author":"Webster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344\u2011351","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.08.028","article-title":"Comparison of patient survival between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis among patients eligible for both modalities","volume":"71","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis.: Off. J. Natl.l Kidney Foundation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4939","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04949-2","article-title":"Key role for the organic anion transporters, OAT1 and OAT3, in the in vivo handling of uremic toxins and solutes","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148\u2011152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.01.006","article-title":"Indoxyl sulfate, not p-cresyl sulfate, is associated with cognitive impairment in early-stage chronic kidney disease","volume":"53","author":"Yeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098723000921?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098723000921?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T12:07:28Z","timestamp":1760530048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0928098723000921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["S0928098723000921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-0987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-0987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Blood-brain barrier perturbations by uremic toxins: Key contributors in chronic kidney disease-induced neurological disorders?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106462","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106462"}}