{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:15:15Z","timestamp":1777878915189,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011748","name":"Phospholipid Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004182","name":"Nordic Council of Ministers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:18:22Z","timestamp":1771460302000},"page":"107480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Microdialysis during in vitro lipolysis explains enhanced permeation of indomethacin from phospholipid-based amorphous solid dispersions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Mikkel H\u00f8jmark","family":"T\u00f8nning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Bauer-Brandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3561-5016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Brandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Paulus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2636-979X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann-Christin","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0001","series-title":"Predicting Solubility of New Drugs: Handbook of Critically Curated Data for Pharmaceutical Research","author":"Avdeef","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2017.05.001","article-title":"Simultaneous lipolysis\/permeation in vitro model, for the estimation of bioavailability of lipid based drug delivery systems","volume":"117","author":"Bibi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106384","article-title":"Interaction of liposomes with bile salts investigated by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4): a novel approach for stability assessment of oral drug carriers","volume":"182","author":"Bohsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2013.04.002","article-title":"Biopharmaceutical classification of poorly soluble drugs with respect to \u201cenabling formulations","volume":"50","author":"Buckley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123294","article-title":"Hydrogenated phospholipid, a promising excipient in amorphous solid dispersions of fenofibrate for oral delivery: preparation and in-vitro biopharmaceutical characterization","volume":"644","author":"Czajkowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2024.106936","article-title":"Melt-extruded formulations of fenofibrate with various grades of hydrogenated phospholipid exhibit promising in-vitro biopharmaceutical behavior","volume":"203","author":"Czajkowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2025.107199","article-title":"Dissolution \/permeation of amorphous solid dispersions of fenofibrate & hydrogenated phospholipid - spontaneous formation of colloids: nanofiltration & particle size analysis","volume":"212","author":"Czajkowski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2015.03.019","article-title":"New biomimetic barrier Permeapad\u2122 for efficient investigation of passive permeability of drugs","volume":"73","author":"di Cagno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.3109\/08982104.2010.550265","article-title":"Liposomal solubilization of new 3-hydroxy-quinolinone derivatives with promising anticancer activity: a screening method to identify maximum incorporation capacity","volume":"21","author":"di Cagno","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Liposome Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.07.030","article-title":"Influence of pH and method of crystallization on the solid physical form of indomethacin","volume":"473","author":"Dubbini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2016.03.005","article-title":"Bile salt micelles and phospholipid vesicles present in simulated and Human intestinal fluids: structural analysis by flow field;flow fractionation\/multiangle laser light scattering","volume":"105","author":"Elvang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.04.031","article-title":"Co-existing colloidal phases in artificial intestinal fluids assessed by AF4\/MALLS and DLS: a systematic study into cholate & (lyso-) phospholipid blends, incorporating celecoxib as a model drug","volume":"120","author":"Elvang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2016.04.007","article-title":"50years of oral lipid-based formulations: provenance, progress and future perspectives","volume":"101","author":"Feeney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.10.029","article-title":"Solubility enhancement of BCS class II drug by solid phospholipid dispersions: spray drying versus freeze-drying","volume":"496","author":"Fong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2015.08.005","article-title":"Phospholipid-based solid drug formulations for oral bioavailability enhancement: a meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Fong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3549(15)00186-0","article-title":"Solid phospholipid dispersions for oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs: investigation into Celecoxib incorporation and solubility- permeability enhancement","volume":"105","author":"Fong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2016.09.018","article-title":"A novel microdialysis-dissolution\/permeation system for testing oral dosage forms: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"96","author":"Fong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.06.039","article-title":"Amorphous drug dispersions with mono- and diacyl lecithin: on molecular categorization of their feasibility and UV dissolution imaging","volume":"491","author":"Gautschi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007516718048","article-title":"What is the true solubility advantage for amorphous pharmaceuticals?","volume":"17","author":"Hancock","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-020-02833-9","article-title":"Suitability of artificial membranes in lipolysis-permeation assays of oral lipid-based formulations","volume":"37","author":"Hedge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2009.07.008","article-title":"Proliposomes of exemestane for improved oral delivery: formulation and in vitro evaluation using PAMPA, Caco-2 and rat intestine","volume":"380","author":"Hiremath","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106166","article-title":"Microdialysis and nanofiltration allow to distinguish molecularly dissolved from colloid-associated drug concentrations during biomimetic dissolution testing of supersaturating formulations","volume":"174","author":"Holzem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.11.003","article-title":"A dynamic in vitro permeation study on solid mono- and diacyl-phospholipid dispersions of celecoxib","volume":"127","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020592","article-title":"Commercially available cell-free permeability tests for industrial drug development: increased sustainability through reduction of In vivo studies","volume":"15","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2020.08.009","article-title":"Do phospholipids boost or attenuate drug absorption? In vitro and In vivo evaluation of mono- and diacyl phospholipid-based solid dispersions of Celecoxib","volume":"110","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2025.114706","article-title":"Understanding the transport of drugs across biomimetic barriers of various phospholipid compositions using a combined experimental and computational approach","volume":"253","author":"Kabedev","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0027","article-title":"Influence of preparation method and choice of phospholipid on co-amorphization, physical stability, and dissolution behavior of equimolar indomethacin-phospholipid systems \u2013 a case study","volume":"93","author":"Khorami","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-018-1252-4","article-title":"Drug-phospholipid complex-a go through strategy for enhanced oral bioavailability","volume":"20","author":"Kuche","year":"2019","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2020.101633","article-title":"Digestion and absorption of dietary glycerophospholipids in the small intestine: their significance as carrier molecules of choline and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids","volume":"26","author":"Murota","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb1978.6.803","article-title":"Bioavailability of indomethacin calcium and magnesium, and effect of the salts on drug metabolizing enzyme activities in rats","volume":"6","author":"Ogiso","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Pharmacobiodyn."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.08.018","article-title":"Exploring the fate of liposomes in the intestine by dynamic in vitro lipolysis","volume":"437","author":"Parmentier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105262","article-title":"Polymer\/lipid interplay in altering in vitro supersaturation and plasma concentration of a model poorly soluble drug","volume":"146","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2197","article-title":"Lipids and lipid-based formulations: optimizing the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs","volume":"6","author":"Porter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1208\/pt050340","article-title":"A method to determine the incorporation capacity of camptothecin in liposomes","volume":"5","author":"Saetern","year":"2004","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.126149","article-title":"Indomethacin forms elusive nanoparticles with calcium in situ causing enhanced permeation across a biomimetic barrier","volume":"684","author":"T\u00f8nning","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00640","article-title":"Looking behind the solubilization curtain: microdialysis provides near-real-time noncolloidal drug concentrations during In vitro lipolysis","author":"T\u00f8nning","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.07.008","article-title":"Review \u2013 An update on the use of oral phospholipid excipients","volume":"108","author":"van Hoogevest","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23205","article-title":"Toward the establishment of standardized In vitro tests for lipid-based formulations, part 1: method parameterization and comparison of In vitro digestion profiles across a range of representative formulations","volume":"101","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098726000540?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098726000540?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:30:46Z","timestamp":1777591846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0928098726000540"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0928098726000540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-0987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-0987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Microdialysis during in vitro lipolysis explains enhanced permeation of indomethacin from phospholipid-based amorphous solid dispersions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107480","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107480"}}