{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T12:04:48Z","timestamp":1779710688216,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LTGY24H270011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTGY24H270011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZCLY24H1202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZCLY24H1202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T23:54:15Z","timestamp":1776383655000},"page":"107532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Engineered small extracellular vesicles provide low-dose salidroside delivery to attenuate retinal ganglion cell degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Xue-Ni","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Jin","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue-Xiao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zai-Long","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4658-2109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.860070","article-title":"Neuroinflammation, microglia and implications for retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration in traumatic optic neuropathy","volume":"13","author":"Au","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0002","first-page":"1236","article-title":"Optic neuritis","volume":"25","author":"Bennett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contin. (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.07.002","article-title":"Targeting pathogenic Lafora bodies in Lafora disease using an antibody-enzyme fusion","volume":"30","author":"Brewer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06935-3","article-title":"A molecular switch for neuroprotective astrocyte reactivity","volume":"626","author":"Cameron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-022-04248-4","article-title":"Single-particle assessment of six different drug-loading strategies for incorporating doxorubicin into small extracellular vesicles","volume":"415","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2015.04.007","article-title":"Rhodiola plants: chemistry and biological activity","volume":"23","author":"Chiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1583-4","article-title":"Monitoring retinal changes with optical coherence tomography predicts neuronal loss in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"16","author":"Cruz-Herranz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0008","article-title":"Diversity and antioxidant activity of culturable endophytic fungi from alpine plants of Rhodiola crenulata, R. angusta, and R. sachalinensis","volume":"10","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113103","article-title":"PARP1 inhibition protects mice against Japanese encephalitis virus infection","volume":"42","author":"Desingu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Salidroside ameliorates diabetic retinopathy and Muller cell inflammation via the PI3K\/akt\/GSK-3beta\/NF-\u03bab pathway","volume":"30","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04461-4","article-title":"FTO-targeted siRNA delivery by MSC-derived exosomes synergistically alleviates dopaminergic neuronal death in Parkinson's disease via m6A-dependent regulation of ATM mRNA","volume":"21","author":"Geng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000953","article-title":"Optic nerve regeneration: how will we get there?","volume":"40","author":"Gokoffski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102541","article-title":"Inhibition of ferroptosis promotes retina ganglion cell survival in experimental optic neuropathies","volume":"58","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4733","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17044733","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of salidroside and its aglycone metabolite p-tyrosol in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0571-8","article-title":"Optic nerve as a source of activated retinal microglia post-injury","volume":"6","author":"Heuss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6548","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.74305","article-title":"Small extracellular vesicles isolation and separation: current techniques, pending questions and clinical applications","volume":"12","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113746","article-title":"Pharmacological effects of salidroside on central nervous system diseases","volume":"156","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. PharmacOther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101136","article-title":"Glaucomatous optic neuropathy: mitochondrial dynamics, dysfunction and protection in retinal ganglion cells","volume":"95","author":"Ju","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.01.004","article-title":"Glaucoma","volume":"105","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2009.12.019","article-title":"The nuclear poly(A)-binding protein interacts with the exosome to promote synthesis of noncoding small nucleolar RNAs","volume":"37","author":"Lemay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-022-01061-x","article-title":"Salidroside inhibited cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via Nrf2\/Trx1 signaling pathway","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2023.2204208","article-title":"Salidroside inhibits ganglion cell apoptosis by suppressing the Muller cell inflammatory response in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14868","article-title":"Salidroside protects dopaminergic neurons by regulating the mitochondrial MEF2D-ND6 pathway in the MPTP\/MPP(+) -induced model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"153","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110397","article-title":"Salidroside alleviates oxidative stress in dry eye disease by activating autophagy through AMPK-Sirt1 pathway","volume":"121","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2023.101219","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for glaucoma and optic neuropathies","volume":"94","author":"Lo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03352-8","article-title":"Exosome-powered neuropharmaceutics: unlocking the blood-brain barrier for next-gen therapies","volume":"23","author":"Mehdizadeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2023.101169","article-title":"Activation of retinal glial cells contributes to the degeneration of ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma","volume":"93","author":"Miao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.12.027","article-title":"Hybrid exosomes, exosome-like nanovesicles and engineered exosomes for therapeutic applications","volume":"353","author":"Mondal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Of Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.2c01381","article-title":"Targeted microglial attenuation through dendrimer-drug conjugates improves glaucoma neuroprotection","volume":"24","author":"Pitha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.78426","article-title":"Small extracellular vesicle-loaded bevacizumab reduces the frequency of intravitreal injection required for diabetic retinopathy","volume":"13","author":"Reddy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2022.114107","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived secretome protects Neuro-2a cells from oxidative stress-induced loss of neurogenesis","volume":"354","author":"Teli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17802","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c08774","article-title":"Exosomes horizontal line nature's lipid nanoparticles, a rising star in drug delivery and diagnostics","volume":"16","author":"Tenchov","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS. Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1830","article-title":"SiRNA delivery with exosome nanoparticles","volume":"29","author":"van den Boorn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1047","article-title":"Temporal changes in gene expression after injury in the rat retina","volume":"45","author":"Vazquez-Chona","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5119","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c01253","article-title":"Systemic delivery of NAC-1 siRNA by neuropilin-targeted polymersomes sensitizes antiangiogenic therapy of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16283","article-title":"Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside (PCS-1) contributes to modulation of depressive-like behaviour in C57BL\/6J mice by activating AMPK","volume":"181","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0039","article-title":"Exosome-mediated delivery of the neuroprotective peptide PACAP38 promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration in rats with traumatic optic neuropathy","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-023-06373-z","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of salidroside on hippocampal neurons in diabetic mice via PI3K\/Akt\/GSK-3beta signaling pathway","volume":"240","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7091","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1721443115","article-title":"Scleral hypoxia is a target for myopia control","volume":"115","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. u S. a"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0043","first-page":"469","article-title":"The neuroprotective effect of salidroside on murine retinal ganglion cell apoptosis induced by N-methyl-d-aspartate (In Chinese)","volume":"20","author":"Xiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Optom Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109975","article-title":"Salidroside attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in septic encephalopathy mice","volume":"117","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14276","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c01013","article-title":"Why all the fuss about oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)?","volume":"63","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02298-7","article-title":"Exosome-based delivery strategies for tumor therapy: an update on modification, loading, and clinical application","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.861452","article-title":"Long-term oral administration of salidroside alleviates diabetic retinopathy in db\/db mice","volume":"13","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13719","article-title":"Cellular senescence mediates retinal ganglion cell survival regulation post-optic nerve crush injury","volume":"57","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04445-6","article-title":"CD82 protects against glaucomatous axonal transport deficits via mTORC1 activation in mice","volume":"12","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01578-6","article-title":"Salidroside protects RGC from pyroptosis in diabetes-induced retinopathy associated with NLRP3, NFEZL2 and NGKB1, revealed by network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098726001065?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098726001065?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T11:51:30Z","timestamp":1779709890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0928098726001065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0928098726001065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-0987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-0987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Engineered small extracellular vesicles provide low-dose salidroside delivery to attenuate retinal ganglion cell degeneration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107532","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107532"}}