{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T04:37:27Z","timestamp":1789792647168,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"US Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HT9425-23-1-0617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HT9425-23-1-0617"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021976","name":"Medical Technology Enterprise Consortium","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-22-9-0016-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-22-9-0016-014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021976","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T06:30:51Z","timestamp":1784356251000},"page":"107615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative pharmacokinetics and tendon tissue targeting of topical metformin lotion with protection against experimental tendinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Jianying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasyl","family":"Pastukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celina","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soichi","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Maloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MaCalus V.","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7279-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James H-C.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107575","article-title":"The AMPK modulator metformin as adjunct to methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A proof-of-concept, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"95","author":"Abdallah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1747","article-title":"The effect of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on musculoskeletal pain: A cross-sectional study with 21,889 individuals from the UK biobank","volume":"25","author":"Carvalho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.12703\/b\/9-16","article-title":"Recent advances in tendinopathy","volume":"9","author":"Challoumas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fac. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2022.101368","article-title":"Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of rotator cuff disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"48","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.726490","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of metformin use in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled study","volume":"12","author":"Gharib","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193012","article-title":"Metformin prevents or delays the development and progression of osteoarthritis: new insight and mechanism of action","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11030129","article-title":"Challenges and Recent Progress in Oral Drug Delivery Systems for Biopharmaceuticals","volume":"11","author":"Homayun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8436","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.769380","article-title":"Metformin directly binds the alarmin HMGB1 and inhibits its proinflammatory activity","volume":"292","author":"Horiuchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2009.04.033","article-title":"Determination of metformin and its prodrugs in human and rat blood by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography","volume":"50","author":"Huttunen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1080\/17576180.2024.2412438","article-title":"Quantifying skin permeation of a novel metformin lotion using modified hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography","volume":"16","author":"Maloney","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioanalysis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0011","first-page":"658","article-title":"Metformin: Current knowledge","volume":"19","author":"Nasri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3132\/dvdr.2008.027","article-title":"Metformin therapy and clinical uses","volume":"5","author":"Scarpello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.952560","article-title":"The effects of metformin in the treatment of osteoarthritis: Current perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100720966318","article-title":"Effect of Metformin on Development of Tendinopathy Due to Mechanical Overloading in an Animal Model","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-10","article-title":"Characterization of differential properties of rabbit tendon stem cells and tenocytes","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC. Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222369","article-title":"HMGB1 mediates the development of tendinopathy due to mechanical overloading","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS. One"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098726001892?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0928098726001892?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T02:38:39Z","timestamp":1787107119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0928098726001892"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["S0928098726001892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-0987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-0987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative pharmacokinetics and tendon tissue targeting of topical metformin lotion with protection against experimental tendinopathy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2026.107615","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107615"}}