{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:12:41Z","timestamp":1790727161480,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T01:18:17Z","timestamp":1304212697000},"page":"3772-3779","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["The proximal hamstring muscle\u2013tendon\u2013bone unit: A review of the normal anatomy, biomechanics, and pathophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Beltran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varand","family":"Ghazikhanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Padron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Beltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658401200202","article-title":"Histochemical correlates of hamstring injuries","volume":"12","author":"Garrett","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198910000-00004","article-title":"Computed tomography of hamstring muscle strains","volume":"21","author":"Garrett","year":"1989","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400202","article-title":"Hamstring muscle injuries among water skiers. Functional outcome and prevention","volume":"24","author":"Sallay","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.253045711","article-title":"Hamstring muscle complex: an imaging review","volume":"25","author":"Koulouris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.174.2.1740393","article-title":"MR imaging of the distribution and location of acute hamstring injuries in athletes","volume":"174","author":"De Smet","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657500300504","article-title":"Investigation into hamstring strains: the case of the hybrid muscle","volume":"3","author":"Burkett","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1984.5.4.184","article-title":"Hamstrung by hamstring strains: a review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Sutton","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-003-0674-5","article-title":"Evaluation of the hamstring muscle complex following acute injury","volume":"32","author":"Koulouris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195537010-00015","article-title":"Two-joint muscles of the thigh","volume":"37-A","author":"Markee","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-003-0641-1","article-title":"The distal semimembranosus complex: normal MR anatomy, variants, biomechanics and pathology","volume":"32","author":"Beltran","year":"2003","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.166.4.8610566","article-title":"Semimembranosus-tibial collateral ligament bursitis: MR imaging findings","volume":"166","author":"Rothstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199409000-00007","article-title":"The semimembranosus-tibial collateral ligament bursa. Anatomical study and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"76","author":"Hennigan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01628503","article-title":"Tendinous insertion of semimembranosus muscle into the lateral meniscus","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199501000-00036","article-title":"MRI of an accessory semimembranosus muscle","volume":"19","author":"Stoane","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"274","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0075","first-page":"17","article-title":"Observation of a supernumerary hamstring muscle: a state of the art on its incidence and clinical relevance","volume":"86","author":"Cattrysse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Morphologie"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00971820","article-title":"Unilateral absence of thigh muscles confirmed by CT scan","volume":"11","author":"Peterson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"January\u2013February (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199501000-00036","article-title":"MRI of an acessory semimembranosus muscle","volume":"19","author":"Stoane","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1968.03140370023006","article-title":"Biomechanics of running","volume":"205","author":"Slocum","year":"1968","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198908040-00004","article-title":"Warm-up and muscular injury prevention. An update","volume":"8","author":"Safran","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0100","series-title":"Musculoskeletal MRI","author":"Helms","year":"2009"},{"issue":"Suppl. 6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602406S02","article-title":"Muscle strain injuries","volume":"24","author":"Garrett","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-7071(94)00081-M","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of muscle injury","volume":"19","author":"Rubin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.197.1.7568833","article-title":"Hamstring injuries: radiographic, conventional tomographic, CT, and MR imaging characteristics","volume":"197","author":"Brandser","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0120","first-page":"39","article-title":"Causative factors in hamstring strains","volume":"2","author":"Burkett","year":"1970","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199723060-00005","article-title":"Hamstring injuries. Current trends in treatment and prevention","volume":"23","author":"Kujala","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.172.3.2772190","article-title":"Sports-related muscle injuries: evaluation with MR imaging","volume":"172","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01986165","article-title":"A morphological study of delayed muscle soreness","volume":"37","author":"Friden","year":"1981","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.173.3.10470908","article-title":"MR imaging of myotendinous strain","volume":"173","author":"Palmer","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500102","article-title":"Biomechanical and histological evaluation of muscle after controlled strain injury","volume":"15","author":"Nikolaou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.179.3.2027970","article-title":"Exertional muscle injury: evaluation of concentric versus eccentric actions with serial MR imaging","volume":"179","author":"Shellock","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199111000-00017","article-title":"Spin-echo and STIR MR imaging of sports-related muscle injuries at 1.5T","volume":"15","author":"Greco","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.183.4.1830975","article-title":"Longitudinal study comparing sonographic and MRI assessments of acute and healing hamstring injuries","volume":"183","author":"Connell","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-008-0546-0","article-title":"MR observations of long-term musculotendon remodeling following a hamstring strain injury","volume":"37","author":"Silder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(00)00067-X","article-title":"Analysis of changes in mRNA levels of myoblast- and fibroblast-derived gene products in healing skeletal muscle using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction","volume":"19","author":"Best","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2000.010006332.x","article-title":"Relation between myofibers and connective tissue during muscle injury repair","volume":"10","author":"Kaariainen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.6.040803.140240","article-title":"Functional efficacy of tendon repair processes","volume":"6","author":"Butler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200218","article-title":"Hamstring injuries in sprinters. The role of concentric and eccentric hamstring muscle strength and flexibility","volume":"22","author":"Jonhagen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050024","article-title":"Imaging of muscle injuries","volume":"25","author":"El-Khoury","year":"1996","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1026030","article-title":"Myofibrillar damage following intense eccentric exercise in man","volume":"4","author":"Friden","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.suppl_1.g00oc16s103","article-title":"Traumatic musculotendinous injuries of the knee: diagnosis with MR imaging","volume":"20","author":"Bencardino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.189.3.8234722","article-title":"MR imaging in the prognostication of hamstring injury. Work in progress","volume":"189","author":"Pomeranz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100116","article-title":"Radiographic imaging of muscle strain injury","volume":"21","author":"Speer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310063701","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of clinical findings in 83 athletes with posterior thigh injury: comparison of clinical findings with magnetic resonance imaging documentation of hamstring muscle strain","volume":"31","author":"Verrall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00209094","article-title":"Magnetic resonance findings in skeletal muscle tears","volume":"22","author":"De Smet","year":"1993","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00191673","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of muscle tears","volume":"19","author":"De Smet","year":"1990","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.179.6.1791621","article-title":"Hamstring injury in athletes: using MR imaging measurements to compare extent of muscle injury with amount of time lost from competition","volume":"179","author":"Slavotinek","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300612","article-title":"Rupture of the ischial origin of the hamstring muscles","volume":"23","author":"Orava","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199703000-00023","article-title":"Complete rupture of the distal semimembranosus complex in a professional athlete","volume":"336","author":"Alioto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560000216","article-title":"Complete rupture of the distal semimembranosus tendon with secondary hamstring muscles atrophy: MR findings in two cases","volume":"29","author":"Varela","year":"2000","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.172.2.2748833","article-title":"Avulsion of the posteromedial tibial plateau by the semimembranosus tendon: diagnosis with MR imaging","volume":"172","author":"Yao","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.41.551","article-title":"Malignant schwannoma of the sciatic nerve originating in a spinal plexiform neurofibroma associated with neurofibromatosis type 1\u2014case report","volume":"41","author":"Topsakal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0720048X11003755?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0720048X11003755?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T12:01:37Z","timestamp":1560168097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0720048X11003755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0720048X11003755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099","relation":{},"ISSN":["0720-048X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0720-048X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}}}