{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:43:44Z","timestamp":1781624624039,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejradiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T19:27:45Z","timestamp":1614281265000},"page":"109617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Expected and non-expected immune-related adverse events detectable by CT"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4827-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Ciccarese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Piccinino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Brocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2181-8771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Balacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0903-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo Gustavo","family":"Dall\u2019Olio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6476-6871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Massari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Rihawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0816-802X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandro","family":"Paccapelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ardizzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Golfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.03.017","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy and immune-related response assessment: the role of radiologists in the new arena of cancer treatment","volume":"84","author":"Nishino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31349","article-title":"Immunotherapy and the role of imaging","volume":"124","author":"Carter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0015","first-page":"86","article-title":"A review of cancer immunotherapy toxicity","volume":"70","author":"Kennedy","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vii7","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez418","article-title":"Toxicities associated with checkpoint inhibitors-an overview","volume":"58","author":"Spiers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0025","first-page":"1371","article-title":"Thoracic complications of precision cancer therapies: a practical guide for radiologists in the new era of Cancer care","volume":"37","author":"Nishino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiogr. Rev. Publ. Radiol. Soc. N. Am. Inc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201308-1483ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement: Update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias","volume":"188","author":"Travis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2019-0102","article-title":"Radiologic features of pneumonitis associated with nivolumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and malignant melanoma","volume":"15","author":"Baba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Oncol. Lond. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0040","first-page":"2253","article-title":"Transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacities occurring during osimertinib treatment","volume":"11","author":"Noonan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol. Off. Publ. Int. Assoc. Study Lung Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0045","first-page":"1106","article-title":"Transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacities during osimertinib treatment and its clinical implication","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol. Off. Publ. Int. Assoc. Study Lung Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2144\/fsoa-2018-0123","article-title":"Radiation recall pneumonitis in the setting of immunotherapy and radiation: a focused review","volume":"5","author":"McGovern","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Sci. OA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv264","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy162","article-title":"Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"29","author":"Haanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol. Off. J. Eur. Soc. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W992","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.6198","article-title":"Radiologic manifestations of immune-related adverse events in patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy","volume":"197","author":"Bronstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018181349","article-title":"Imaging of Cancer immunotherapy: current approaches and future directions","volume":"290","author":"Nishino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2019190036","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy-related pneumonitis: patterns and management","volume":"39","author":"Kalisz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.03.056","article-title":"Drug-induced sarcoidosis-like reactions","volume":"154","author":"Chopra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2018.6","article-title":"Using immunotherapy to boost the abscopal effect","volume":"18","author":"Ngwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"1115","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200409","article-title":"Clinical and radiological features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis in lung cancer and non-lung cancers","volume":"93","author":"Nobashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109250","article-title":"Imaging findings of immune checkpoint inhibitor associated pancreatitis","volume":"131","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1623","article-title":"Ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis: MR imaging findings","volume":"30","author":"Carpenter","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa051","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0105","first-page":"1930","article-title":"Pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint immunotherapy: incidence and risk factors","volume":"13","author":"Suresh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol. Off. Publ. Int. Assoc. Study Lung Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-017-0300-z","article-title":"Managing toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: consensus recommendations from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Toxicity Management Working Group","volume":"5","author":"Puzanov","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.6385","article-title":"Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: american society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline","volume":"36","author":"Brahmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.07.005","article-title":"Management of immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicities: a review and clinical guideline for emergency physicians","volume":"55","author":"Hryniewicki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0720048X21000978?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0720048X21000978?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T07:20:59Z","timestamp":1759994459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0720048X21000978"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0720048X21000978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617","relation":{},"ISSN":["0720-048X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0720-048X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Expected and non-expected immune-related adverse events detectable by CT","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109617","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109617"}}