{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T03:57:13Z","timestamp":1768276633845,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":343,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1P41EB028744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1P41EB028744"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EB001838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EB001838"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006775","name":"GE Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","ejradiology.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T16:20:01Z","timestamp":1703607601000},"page":"111279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Deep silicon photon-counting CT: A first simulation-based study for assessing perceptual benefits across diverse anatomies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Shobhit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debashish","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9123-5854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Abadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Segars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Samei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"03TR01","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/abc5a5","article-title":"Photon-counting x-ray detectors for CT","volume":"66","author":"Danielsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6709","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/59\/22\/6709","article-title":"Energy-resolved CT imaging with a photon-counting silicon-strip detector","volume":"59","author":"Persson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2014.2300153","article-title":"A silicon-strip detector for photon-counting spectral CT: Energy resolution from 40 keV to 120 keV","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Nucl Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2013.02.030","article-title":"Energy resolution of a segmented silicon strip detector for photon-counting spectral CT","volume":"715","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect Accel Spectrometers Detect Assoc Equip."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0025","unstructured":"The world\u2019s first silicon-based photon-counting computed tomography (CT) is being tested at Karolinska University Hospital. Published July 15, 2022. Accessed July 6, 2023. https:\/\/www.karolinska.se\/en\/karolinska-university-hospital\/news\/2021\/11\/the-worlds-first-silicon-based-photon-counting-computed-tomography-ct-is-being-tested-at-karolinska-university-hospital\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0030","unstructured":"UW Radiology Installs Generation 3 Silicon-Based Photon Counting Scanner. Department of Radiology. Published January 12, 2023. Accessed July 6, 2023. https:\/\/radiology.wisc.edu\/news\/uw-radiology-installs-generation-3-silicon-based-photon-counting-scanner\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2017.04.014","article-title":"Review of an initial experience with an experimental spectral photon-counting computed tomography system","volume":"873","author":"Si-Mohamed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect Accel Spectrometers Detect Assoc Equip."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/4\/1572","article-title":"Evaluation of conventional imaging performance in a research whole-body CT system with a photon-counting detector array","volume":"61","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0045","unstructured":"Abdominal Imaging with Contrast-enhanced Photon-counting CT: First Human Experience | Radiology. Accessed July 6, 2023. https:\/\/pubs.rsna.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1148\/radiol.2016152601."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000251","article-title":"Human imaging with photon-counting-based CT at clinical dose levels: Contrast-to-noise ratio and cadaver studies","volume":"51","author":"Gutjahr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Radiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017162587","article-title":"Feasibility of dose-reduced chest CT with photon-counting detectors: Initial results in humans","volume":"285","author":"Symons","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000418","article-title":"Photon-counting CT for vascular imaging of the head and neck: First in vivo human results","volume":"53","author":"Symons","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Radiol."},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JMI.6.4.043502","article-title":"Resolution characterization of a silicon-based, photon-counting computed tomography prototype capable of patient scanning","volume":"6","author":"da Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Imaging."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Sundberg M. Persson JJ. Wikner M. Danielsson 1 \u03bcm spatial resolution in silicon photon-counting CT detectors by measuring charge diffusion. In: Event: SPIE Medical Imaging. Vol 11312. SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng 2020 10.1117\/12.2549480.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2549480"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-023-00333-0","article-title":"Stent appearance in a novel silicon-based photon-counting CT prototype: Ex vivo phantom study in head-to-head comparison with conventional energy-integrating CT","volume":"7","author":"Verelst","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Exp."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2022.06.018","article-title":"Can photon-counting CT improve estimation accuracy of morphological radiomics features? A simulation study for assessing the quantitative benefits from improved spatial resolution in deep silicon-based photon-counting CT","volume":"30","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acad Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Yveborg C. Xu E. Fredenberg M. Danielsson Photon-counting CT with silicon detectors: feasibility for pediatric imaging. In: Medical Imaging 2009: Physics of Medical Imaging. Vol 7258. SPIE; 2009 704 709 10.1117\/12.813733.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.813733"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0090","first-page":"1","article-title":"Virtual clinical trials in medical imaging: a review","volume":"7","author":"Abadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Imaging."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4794178","article-title":"Population of anatomically variable 4D XCAT adult phantoms for imaging research and optimization","volume":"40","author":"Segars","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.R. White J. Booz R.V. Griffith J.J. Spokas I.J. Wilson Report 44 J Int Comm Radiat Units Meas. os23 1 1989 NP NP 10.1093\/jicru\/os23.1.report44.","DOI":"10.1093\/jicru\/os23.1.Report44"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Abadi GM. Sturgeon G. Agasthya et al. Airways, vasculature, and interstitial tissue: anatomically informed computational modeling of human lungs for virtual clinical trials. In: SPIE Medical Imaging. Vol 10132. SPIE; 2017 420 426 10.1117\/12.2254739.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2254739"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2017.2769640","article-title":"Modeling lung architecture in the XCAT series of phantoms: Physiologically based airways, arteries and veins","volume":"37","author":"Abadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TJ. Sauer E. Abadi WP. Segars E. Samei Anatomically- and computationally-informed hepatic contrast perfusion simulations for use in virtual clinical trials. In: Physics of Medical Imaging. Vol 10948. SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng; 2019:5 10.1117\/12.2513465.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2513465"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TJ. Sauer E. Samei Modeling dynamic nutrient-access-based lesion progression using stochastic processes. In: Physics of Medical Imaging. Vol 10948. SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng; 2019:182. doi:10.1117\/12.2513201.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2513201"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2020.104331","article-title":"Cell and extracellular matrix growth theory and its implications for tumorigenesis","volume":"201","author":"Sauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosystems."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4877","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4959554","article-title":"Image quality comparison between single energy and dual energy CT protocols for hepatic imaging","volume":"43","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TJ. Sauer E. Abadi P. Segars E. Samei Optimization of CT angiography using physiologically informed computational plaques, dynamic XCAT phantoms, and physics-based CT simulation. In: 11595 SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng 2021 100 10.1117\/12.2582293.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2582293"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. badi J. Rajagopal TJ. Sauer E. Jones WP. Segars E. Samei Optimization of energy thresholds in photon-counting CT via a virtual clinical trial 2020 11312 469 474 10.1117\/12.2549055.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2549055"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2018.2886530","article-title":"DukeSim: A realistic, rapid, and scanner-specific simulation framework in computed tomography","volume":"38","author":"Abadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.23.29463","article-title":"CT number accuracy and association with object size: A phantom study comparing energy-integrating detector CT and deep silicon photon-counting detector CT","volume":"221","author":"Salyapongse","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JMI.7.4.043501","article-title":"Detective quantum efficiency of photon-counting CdTe and Si detectors for computed tomography: a simulation study","volume":"7","author":"Persson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Imaging."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2016.04.087","article-title":"Count rate performance of a silicon-strip detector for photon-counting spectral CT","volume":"827","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect Accel Spectrometers Detect Assoc Equip."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/abeb32","article-title":"A GPU-accelerated framework for rapid estimation of scanner-specific scatter in CT for virtual imaging trials","volume":"66","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac2269","article-title":"A scanner-specific framework for simulating CT images with tube current modulation","volume":"66","author":"Jadick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0175","unstructured":"J. Hsieh SPIE (Society) Computed tomography : Principles, design, artifacts, and recent advances Published Online 2009: 556."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.221257","article-title":"Deep learning image reconstruction for CT: Technical principles and clinical prospects","volume":"306","author":"Koetzier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2004.05.076","article-title":"The influence of energy weighting on X-ray imaging quality","volume":"531","author":"Giersch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect Accel Spectrometers Detect Assoc Equip."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/5\/1433","article-title":"To bin or not to bin? The effect of CT system limiting resolution on noise and detectability","volume":"58","author":"Baek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1897083","article-title":"Presampling, algorithm factors, and noise: considerations for CT in particular and for medical imaging in general","volume":"32","author":"Kachelriess","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2019180115","article-title":"Photon-counting detector CT: System design and clinical applications of an emerging technology","volume":"39","author":"Leng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiographics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.J. Willemink M. Persson A. Pourmorteza N.J. Pelc D. Fleischmann Photon-counting CT: Technical principles and clinical Prospects. 289 2 293 312 2018 10.1148\/RADIOL.2018172656.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018172656"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1109\/TRPMS.2020.3020212","article-title":"Photon counting CT: Clinical applications and future developments","volume":"5","author":"Hsieh","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Radiat Plasma Med Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ab37e9","article-title":"Development of a scanner-specific simulation framework for photon-counting computed tomography","volume":"5","author":"Abadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Phys Eng Express."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Abadi C. McCabe B. Harrawood S. Sotoudeh-Paima WP. Segars E. Samei Development and clinical applications of a virtual imaging framework for optimizing photon-counting CT. In: Medical Imaging 2022: Physics of Medical Imaging. 12031. SPIE; 2022:426 432 10.1117\/12.2612079.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2612079"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7447","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15967","article-title":"Task-based validation and application of a scanner-specific CT simulator using an anthropomorphic phantom","volume":"49","author":"Shankar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Phys."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab467f","article-title":"A real-time Monte Carlo tool for individualized dose estimations in clinical CT","volume":"64","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0720048X23005934?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0720048X23005934?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T12:00:41Z","timestamp":1733054441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0720048X23005934"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0720048X23005934"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279","relation":{},"ISSN":["0720-048X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0720-048X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Deep silicon photon-counting CT: A first simulation-based study for assessing perceptual benefits across diverse anatomies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111279","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111279"}}